National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 3 of 3 Research Studies DisplayedDeshpande A, Walker R, Schulte R
Reducing antimicrobial overuse through targeted therapy for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a study protocol for a cluster-randomized factorial controlled trial (CARE-CAP).
The authors described a planned cluster-randomized controlled trial in 12 hospitals in the Cleveland Clinic Health System to test two approaches to reducing the use of extended-spectrum antibiotics (ESA) in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): rapid diagnostic assays that provide accurate results within hours, and de-escalation after negative bacterial cultures in clinically stable patients. The purpose will be to establish whether the identification of an etiological agent early and pharmacist-led de-escalation can safely reduce the use of ESA in patients with CAP. The findings may also inform clinical guidelines on the management of CAP.
AHRQ-funded; HS028633.
Citation: Deshpande A, Walker R, Schulte R .
Reducing antimicrobial overuse through targeted therapy for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a study protocol for a cluster-randomized factorial controlled trial (CARE-CAP).
Trials 2023 Sep 16; 24(1):595. doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07615-3..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Community-Acquired Infections, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions
Deshpande A, Klompas M, Guo N
Intravenous to oral antibiotic switch therapy among patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to examine clinical practice guidelines which recommend switching from intravenous (IV) to oral antibiotics once patients are clinically stable. The researchers conducted a study of adults admitted with CAP from 2010 through 2015 and initially treated with IV antibiotics at 642 US hospitals. Switching was defined as discontinuation of IV and initiation of oral antibiotics without interrupting therapy. Patients switched by hospital day 3 were considered early switchers. The study found that of 78,041 CAP patients, 6% were switched early, most frequently to fluoroquinolones. Patients switched early had fewer days on IV antibiotics, shorter duration of inpatient antibiotic treatment, shorter LOS, and lower hospitalization costs, but no significant excesses in 14-day in-hospital mortality or late ICU admission. Patients at a greater mortality risk were less likely to be switched. However, even in hospitals with relatively high switch rates, less than 15% of very low-risk patients were switched early.
AHRQ-funded; HS029477; HS025026.
Citation: Deshpande A, Klompas M, Guo N .
Intravenous to oral antibiotic switch therapy among patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
Clin Infect Dis 2023 Jul 26; 77(2):174-85. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad196..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Community-Acquired Infections, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Medication
Smith SS, Caliendo A, Cheng BT
Patient perspectives on the drivers and deterrents of antibiotic treatment of acute rhinosinusitis: a qualitative study.
This study examined patient perceptions regarding what drives or deters them from wanting, seeking, and taking antibiotics for treatment of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). Nineteen adults diagnosed with ARS within the prior 60 days at the Northwestern Medicine General Internal Medicine clinic in Chicago, IL were interviewed. Drivers of antibiotic use were: (1) symptoms, especially discolored rhinorrhea, and seeking relief, (2) belief that antibiotics are a convenient and/or effective way to relieve/cure sinusitis, and (3) desire for tangible outcomes of a clinic visit. Deterrents included: (1) concern about antibiotic resistance, (2) preference for other treatments or preference to avoid medications, and (3) desire to avoid a healthcare visit. A trustworthy physician’s recommendations for antibiotics were a driver, and a recommendation against antibiotics as well as a delayed antibiotic prescription also served as a deterrent.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011; 233201500020I; HS026506; HS028127.
Citation: Smith SS, Caliendo A, Cheng BT .
Patient perspectives on the drivers and deterrents of antibiotic treatment of acute rhinosinusitis: a qualitative study.
J Gen Intern Med 2023 Feb; 38(3):683-90. doi: 10.1007/s11606-022-07811-y..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Respiratory Conditions