National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Events (1)
- Antibiotics (2)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (4)
- Care Management (1)
- Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) (1)
- Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) (2)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Clostridium difficile Infections (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (7)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
- Home Healthcare (1)
- Hospitals (2)
- (-) Infectious Diseases (9)
- Injuries and Wounds (1)
- Inpatient Care (1)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (1)
- Medication (1)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Newborns/Infants (1)
- (-) Patient Safety (9)
- Patient Self-Management (1)
- Payment (1)
- Prevention (6)
- Provider Performance (1)
- Sepsis (1)
- Surgery (4)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 9 of 9 Research Studies DisplayedSmith TC, Davis MF, Heaney CD
Pig movement and antimicrobial use drive transmission of livestock-associated staphylococcus aureus CC398.
Staphylococcus aureus was originally considered a hospital-associated organism, but new classes of methicillin-resistant strains have emerged outside of the hospital setting, including among livestock. This article discusses a recent study which examined the transportation of pigs on over 200 farms; the authors of this article contend that the results of the study demonstrate the importance of cooperation between occupational health services, genomics, veterinary medicine, and farmers in understanding the epidemiology of MRSAs as related to livestock.
AHRQ-funded; HS019966.
Citation: Smith TC, Davis MF, Heaney CD .
Pig movement and antimicrobial use drive transmission of livestock-associated staphylococcus aureus CC398.
MBio 2018 Dec 11;9(6). doi: 10.1128/mBio.02459-18..
Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Infectious Diseases, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Patient Safety, Prevention
Keller SC, Williams D, Rock C
A new frontier: central line-associated bloodstream infection surveillance in home infusion therapy.
As more home infusion agencies consider ways to perform surveillance for central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), an understanding of the assorted challenges is necessary. The authors discussed these challenges, which include a lack of a widely accepted standard definition of CLABSIs in home infusion therapy, the lack of a reporting platform, the absence of a reporting requirement, and barriers in obtaining the needed information to identify the presence of a potential CLABSI and adjudicate whether it meets a CLABSI definition. The 21st Century Cures Act will expand Medicare coverage for home infusion therapy services by 2021, likely leading to increased pressure for home infusion therapy CLABSI surveillance. Benchmarking of CLABSI data can usher in informed work to reduce CLABSIs and enhance patient safety in home infusion therapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS025782.
Citation: Keller SC, Williams D, Rock C .
A new frontier: central line-associated bloodstream infection surveillance in home infusion therapy.
Am J Infect Control 2018 Dec;46(12):1419-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.05.016..
Keywords: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Home Healthcare, Patient Safety, Sepsis, Infectious Diseases, Prevention
Kline SE, Sanstead EC, Johnson JR
Cost-effectiveness of pre-operative Staphylococcus aureus screening and decolonization.
In this study, the investigators developed a decision analytic model to evaluate the impact of a preoperative Staphylococcus aureus decolonization bundle on surgical site infections (SSIs), health-care-associated costs (HCACs), and deaths due to SSI. The investigators predict that the treat-all strategy would be the most effective and cost-saving strategy for preventing SSIs. However, they concluded that because this strategy might select more extensively for mupirocin-resistant S. aureus and cause more medication adverse effects than the test-and-treat approach or the SOC, additional studies are needed to define its comparative benefits and harms.
AHRQ-funded; HS022912.
Citation: Kline SE, Sanstead EC, Johnson JR .
Cost-effectiveness of pre-operative Staphylococcus aureus screening and decolonization.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018 Nov;39(11):1340-46. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.228..
Keywords: Surgery, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Patient Safety, Prevention, Healthcare Costs
Yokoe DS, Avery TR, Platt R
Ranking hospitals based on colon surgery and abdominal hysterectomy surgical site infection outcomes: impact of limiting surveillance to the operative hospital.
This study examined how hospitals are ranked based on colon surgery and abdominal surgical site infection (SSI) outcomes. This ranking can impact how financial penalties are determined. Currently SSI surveillance focuses mainly on the operative hospital, but patients sometimes go to a different hospital after an SSI as opposed to readmission in the operative hospital. The authors used data from a California statewide hospital registry to assess for evidence of SSI for surgeries performed from March 2011 through November 2013. This analysis showed show that operational hospital surveillance alone would have missed 7.2% of colon surgery and 13.4% of abdominal hysterectomy SSIs. This leads to an inaccurate assignment or avoidance of financial penalties for approximately 1 in 11-16 hospitals.
AHRQ-funded; HS021424.
Citation: Yokoe DS, Avery TR, Platt R .
Ranking hospitals based on colon surgery and abdominal hysterectomy surgical site infection outcomes: impact of limiting surveillance to the operative hospital.
Clin Infect Dis 2018 Sep 14;67(7):1096-102. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy223..
Keywords: Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events, Hospitals, Payment, Patient Safety, Provider Performance
Kline SE, Neaton JD, Lynfield R
Randomized controlled trial of a self-administered five-day antiseptic bundle versus usual disinfectant soap showers for preoperative eradication of Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy in eradicating Staphylococcus aureus (SA) carriage of a 5-day preoperative decolonization bundle compared to 2 disinfectant soap showers, with both regimens self-administered at home. The investigators concluded that an outpatient preoperative antiseptic decolonization bundle aimed at 4 body sites was significantly more effective in eradicating SA than the usual disinfectant showers (ie, the control).
AHRQ-funded; HS022912.
Citation: Kline SE, Neaton JD, Lynfield R .
Randomized controlled trial of a self-administered five-day antiseptic bundle versus usual disinfectant soap showers for preoperative eradication of Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018 Sep;39(9):1049-57. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.151..
Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Infectious Diseases, Patient Self-Management, Prevention, Surgery, Patient Safety
Anderson DJ, Moehring RW, Weber DJ
Effectiveness of targeted enhanced terminal room disinfection on hospital-wide acquisition and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile: a secondary analysis of a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial with crossover
In this study, the investigators aimed to assess the effectiveness of four disinfection strategies on hospital-wide incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile in the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room (BETR) Disinfection study. The investigators found that enhanced terminal room disinfection with ultraviolet (UV) in a targeted subset of high-risk rooms led to a decrease in hospital-wide incidence of C difficile and vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Anderson DJ, Moehring RW, Weber DJ .
Effectiveness of targeted enhanced terminal room disinfection on hospital-wide acquisition and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile: a secondary analysis of a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial with crossover
Lancet Infect Dis 2018 Aug;18(8):845-53. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30278-0..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Inpatient Care, Patient Safety, Prevention
Johnson SP, Zhong L, Chung KC
Perioperative antibiotics for clean hand surgery: a national study.
This research is a national study on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in soft tissue hand surgery when antimicrobials are not indicated. Insurance claims from the Truven MarketScan Databases were used to identify patients who had 1 of 5 outpatient surgery procedures including: open or endoscopic carpal tunnel release; trigger finger release; de Ouervain release, and wrist ganglion excision between 2009 and 2015. An increase of 72.5% in prophylactic intravenous antibiotics was shown from 2009 to 2015. Patients with a younger age, male sex, lower income, or obesity had higher odds of receiving antibiotics. Total charge for these antibiotics equaled $1.6 million.
AHRQ-funded; HS023313.
Citation: Johnson SP, Zhong L, Chung KC .
Perioperative antibiotics for clean hand surgery: a national study.
J Hand Surg Am 2018 May;43(5):407-16.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.11.018..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Medication, Patient Safety, Surgery
Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Milstone AM
Manipulating the microbiome: evolution of a strategy to prevent S. aureus disease in children.
Hospitalized infants have the highest rates of invasive Staphylococcus aureus disease of any population and infection control strategies such as decolonization have been insufficient. In this article, the authors review what is known about bacterial communities in the nasal cavity of infants and discuss how future microbiome studies may help identify novel interventions to protect high-risk infants from S. aureus disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Milstone AM .
Manipulating the microbiome: evolution of a strategy to prevent S. aureus disease in children.
J Perinatol 2018 Feb;38(2):105-09. doi: 10.1038/jp.2017.155..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Children/Adolescents, Prevention, Newborns/Infants, Patient Safety
Patel PK, Gupta A, Vaughn VM
Review of strategies to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in adult ICUs.
This systematic review was conducted back in October 2015 within PubMed and Cochrane databases on interventions to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). The interventions were categorized by stages applicable to both CAUTI and CLABSI prevention. Stage 0: avoid catheter if possible; Stage 1: ensure aseptic placement; Stage 2: maintain awareness and proper care of catheters in place, and Stage 3: promptly remove unnecessary catheters. They also looked for effective components that the 5 stages were most successful with. The review is designed for hospitalists to use to formulate quality improvement interventions for infection reduction.
AHRQ-funded; HS018334.
Citation: Patel PK, Gupta A, Vaughn VM .
Review of strategies to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in adult ICUs.
J Hosp Med 2018 Feb;13(2):105-16. doi: 10.12788/jhm.2856..
Keywords: Care Management, Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Evidence-Based Practice, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Patient Safety, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)