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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (2)
- Adverse Events (2)
- Arthritis (6)
- Asthma (2)
- Back Health and Pain (1)
- Behavioral Health (2)
- Blood Clots (1)
- Blood Pressure (1)
- Blood Thinners (1)
- Cancer (1)
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- Caregiving (1)
- Care Management (1)
- Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics (CERTs) (1)
- Children/Adolescents (4)
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- (-) Comparative Effectiveness (38)
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- Depression (1)
- Diabetes (4)
- Digestive Disease and Health (1)
- Education: Patient and Caregiver (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (3)
- Genetics (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (1)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Labor and Delivery (1)
- Maternal Care (1)
- Medical Errors (1)
- (-) Medication (38)
- Medication: Safety (1)
- Neurological Disorders (1)
- Newborns/Infants (1)
- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
- Opioids (2)
- Osteoporosis (1)
- Outcomes (8)
- Pain (6)
- Palliative Care (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (12)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (1)
- Patient Safety (2)
- Pregnancy (2)
- Prevention (1)
- Primary Care (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (2)
- Research Methodologies (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Risk (3)
- Shared Decision Making (2)
- Stroke (1)
- Treatments (2)
- Women (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 38 Research Studies DisplayedAmick HR, Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN
Comparative benefits and harms of second generation antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapies in initial treatment of major depressive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review sought to identify the benefits and harms of second generation antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) in the initial treatment of a current episode of major depressive disorder in adults. It concluded that the available evidence suggests no difference in treatment effects of second generation antidepressants and CBT, either alone or in combination, although small numbers may preclude detection of small but clinically meaningful differences.
AHRQ-funded; 290-2012-00008I
Citation: Amick HR, Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN .
Comparative benefits and harms of second generation antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapies in initial treatment of major depressive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMJ 2015 Dec 8;351:h6019. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h6019..
Keywords: Medication, Behavioral Health, Comparative Effectiveness, Depression
Stockmann C, Ampofo K, Pavia AT
Comparative effectiveness of oral versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for empyema.
This study compared outcomes between oral therapy and (outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) for pediatric parapneumonic empyema (PPE) . The frequency of complications was similar with oral therapy and OPAT for children with PPE. Oral antibiotics may be considered safe and effective for children with PPE who will be discharged to complete therapy in the outpatient setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS023320.
Citation: Stockmann C, Ampofo K, Pavia AT .
Comparative effectiveness of oral versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for empyema.
Hosp Pediatr 2015 Dec;5(12):605-12. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2015-0100.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication, Hospitalization, Children/Adolescents
Miligkos M, Bannuru RR, Alkofide H
Leukotriene-receptor antagonists versus placebo in the treatment of asthma in adults and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits and harms of leukotriene-receptor antagonists (LTRAs) as monotherapy or in combination with inhaled corticosteroids compared with placebo in adults and adolescents with asthma. It found that leukotriene-receptor antagonists as monotherapy improved asthma control compared with placebo, but which patients are most likely to respond to treatment with LTRAs remains unclear.
AHRQ-funded; HS021396.
Citation: Miligkos M, Bannuru RR, Alkofide H .
Leukotriene-receptor antagonists versus placebo in the treatment of asthma in adults and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Nov 17;163(10):756-67. doi: 10.7326/m15-1059.
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Keywords: Asthma, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness
Curtis JR, Sarsour K, Napalkov P
Incidence and complications of interstitial lung disease in users of tocilizumab, rituximab, abatacept and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents, a retrospective cohort study.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common extra-articular condition in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but few studies have systematically investigated its incidence and risk factors in patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNFα) agents or alternate mechanisms of action (MOAs). After examining 13,795 episodes of biologic exposure in 11,219 patients, researchers found no significant differences in the risk of ILD and its related complications between RA patients receiving anti-TNFα agents and those receiving alternate MOA agents.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: Curtis JR, Sarsour K, Napalkov P .
Incidence and complications of interstitial lung disease in users of tocilizumab, rituximab, abatacept and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents, a retrospective cohort study.
Arthritis Res Ther 2015 Nov 11;17:319. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0835-7..
Keywords: Arthritis, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Respiratory Conditions, Risk
Stevens AD, Hernandez C, Jones S
Color-coded prefilled medication syringes decrease time to delivery and dosing errors in simulated prehospital pediatric resuscitations: a randomized crossover trial.
The study’s goal was to evaluate novel, prefilled medication syringes labeled with color-coded volumes corresponding to the weight-based dosing of the Broselow Tape, compared to conventional medication administration, in simulated prehospital pediatric resuscitation scenarios. It found that the novel syringes decreased time to medication administration and significantly reduced critical dosing errors by paramedics during simulated prehospital pediatric resuscitations.
AHRQ-funded; HS017526.
Citation: Stevens AD, Hernandez C, Jones S .
Color-coded prefilled medication syringes decrease time to delivery and dosing errors in simulated prehospital pediatric resuscitations: a randomized crossover trial.
Resuscitation 2015 Nov;96:85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.035..
Keywords: Medication, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Children/Adolescents, Medical Errors, Comparative Effectiveness
Gagne JJ, Kesselheim AS, Choudhry NK
Comparative effectiveness of generic versus brand-name antiepileptic medications.
The objective of this study was to compare treatment persistence and rates of seizure-related events in patients who initiate antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy with a generic versus a brand-name product. It concluded that patients who initiated generic AEDs had fewer adverse seizure-related clinical outcomes and longer continuous treatment periods before experiencing a gap than those who initiated brand-name versions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018465.
Citation: Gagne JJ, Kesselheim AS, Choudhry NK .
Comparative effectiveness of generic versus brand-name antiepileptic medications.
Epilepsy Behav 2015 Nov;52(Pt A):14-8. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.08.014.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Medication: Safety, Neurological Disorders, Patient Safety
Bangalore S, Ogedegbe G, Gyamfi J
Outcomes with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors vs other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks.
The study’s objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors when compared with other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks. It found that in a large cohort of hypertensive blacks, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with less benefit when compared with calcium channel blockers or thiazide diuretics.
AHRQ-funded; HS018589.
Citation: Bangalore S, Ogedegbe G, Gyamfi J .
Outcomes with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors vs other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks.
Am J Med 2015 Nov;128(11):1195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.04.034..
Keywords: Blood Pressure, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medication, Outcomes, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness
LeBlanc A, Herrin J, Williams MD
Shared decision making for antidepressants in primary care: a cluster randomized trial.
The researchers estimated the effect of the Depression Medication Choice (DMC) encounter decision aid on quality of the decision‐making process and depression outcomes. They found that the DMC decision aid helped primary care clinicians and patients with moderate to severe depression select antidepressants together, improving the decision-making process without extending the visit.
AHRQ-funded; HS019214.
Citation: LeBlanc A, Herrin J, Williams MD .
Shared decision making for antidepressants in primary care: a cluster randomized trial.
JAMA Intern Med 2015 Nov;175(11):1761-70. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.5214..
Keywords: Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Shared Decision Making, Primary Care
Wechsler ME, Yawn BP, Fuhlbrigge AL
Anticholinergic vs long-acting beta-agonist in combination with inhaled corticosteroids in Black adults with asthma: the BELT randomized clinical trial.
The researchers compared the effectiveness and safety of tiotropium vs long-acting beta agonists (LABAs), when used with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in black adults with asthma. They found that among black adults with asthma treated with ICS, adding a LABA did not improve time to asthma exacerbation compared with adding tiotropium. These findings were not affected by polymorphisms at the Arg16Gly locus of ADRB2.
AHRQ-funded; HS019408.
Citation: Wechsler ME, Yawn BP, Fuhlbrigge AL .
Anticholinergic vs long-acting beta-agonist in combination with inhaled corticosteroids in Black adults with asthma: the BELT randomized clinical trial.
JAMA 2015 Oct 27;314(16):1720-30. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.13277..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient Safety, Asthma, Medication
Ogedegbe G, Shah NR, Phillips C
Comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-based treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive Blacks versus Whites.
This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of an ACE inhibitor–based regimen on a composite outcome of all-cause mortality, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in hypertensive blacks compared with whites. ACE inhibitor–based therapy was associated with poorer cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive blacks but not in whites.
AHRQ-funded; HS018589.
Citation: Ogedegbe G, Shah NR, Phillips C .
Comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-based treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive Blacks versus Whites.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2015 Sep 15;66(11):1224-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.021..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Cardiovascular Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medication
Bannuru RR, McAlindon TE, Sullivan MC
Effectiveness and implications of alternative placebo treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of osteoarthritis trials.
The researchers evaluated the effects of alternative placebo types on pain outcomes in knee osteoarthritis. Their review concluded that all placebos are not equal, and some can trigger clinically relevant responses. Differential placebo effects can substantially alter estimates of the relative efficacies of active treatments.
AHRQ-funded; HS021396.
Citation: Bannuru RR, McAlindon TE, Sullivan MC .
Effectiveness and implications of alternative placebo treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of osteoarthritis trials.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Sep 1;163(5):365-72. doi: 10.7326/m15-0623..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Arthritis, Medication, Pain, Outcomes
Bannuru RR, McAlindon TE, Sullivan MC
Effectiveness and implications of alternative placebo treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of osteoarthritis trials.
The researchers evaluated the effects of alternative placebo types on pain outcomes in knee osteoarthritis. Their review concluded that all placebos are not equal, and some can trigger clinically relevant responses. Differential placebo effects can substantially alter estimates of the relative efficacies of active treatments.
AHRQ-funded; HS021396.
Citation: Bannuru RR, McAlindon TE, Sullivan MC .
Effectiveness and implications of alternative placebo treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of osteoarthritis trials.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Sep 1;163(5):365-72. doi: 10.7326/m15-0623..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Arthritis, Medication, Pain, Outcomes
Chou R, Hashimoto R, Friedly J
Epidural corticosteroid injections for radiculopathy and spinal stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The researchers reviewed evidence on the benefits and harms of epidural corticosteroid injections in adults with radicular low back pain or spinal stenosis of any duration. They concluded that epidural corticosteroid injections for radiculopathy were associated with immediate reductions in pain and function. However, benefits were small and not sustained, and there was no effect on long-term surgery risk.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200014I.
Citation: Chou R, Hashimoto R, Friedly J .
Epidural corticosteroid injections for radiculopathy and spinal stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Sep 1;163(5):373-81. doi: 10.7326/m15-0934.
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Keywords: Medication, Back Health and Pain, Chronic Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice
Wyss R, Ellis AR, Brookhart MA
Matching on the disease risk score in comparative effectiveness research of new treatments.
The researchers used simulations and an empirical example to evaluate the performance of disease risk score (DRS) matching compared with propensity score (PS) matching when controlling large numbers of covariates in settings involving newly introduced treatments. When PS distributions are separated, DRS matching can improve the precision of effect estimates and allow researchers to evaluate the treatment effect in a larger proportion of the treated population.
AHRQ-funded; HS017950.
Citation: Wyss R, Ellis AR, Brookhart MA .
Matching on the disease risk score in comparative effectiveness research of new treatments.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015 Sep;24(9):951-61. doi: 10.1002/pds.3810.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Research Methodologies, Blood Thinners, Medication
Swanson SA, Hernandez-Diaz S, Palmsten K
Methodological considerations in assessing the effectiveness of antidepressant medication continuation during pregnancy using administrative data.
The goal of this study is to evaluate whether standard administrative claims data can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of antidepressants. Its findings suggest that either antidepressant medications do not reduce the risk of depression relapse in pregnant women, or that administrative data alone could not be used to validly estimate the effectiveness of psychotropic medications during pregnancy.
AHRQ-funded; HS018533.
Citation: Swanson SA, Hernandez-Diaz S, Palmsten K .
Methodological considerations in assessing the effectiveness of antidepressant medication continuation during pregnancy using administrative data.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015 Sep;24(9):934-42. doi: 10.1002/pds.3798..
Keywords: Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Pregnancy
Conover MM, Howell JO, Wu JM
Incidence of opioid-managed pelvic pain after hysteroscopic sterilization versus laparoscopic sterilization, US 2005-2012.
The researchers compared the incidence of opioid-managed pelvic pain within 12 months after hysteroscopic and laparoscopic sterilization. They found that among women without recent history of childbirth, there was no compelling evidence of a clinically meaningful increase in the incidence of pelvic pain requiring opioids during the year after hysteroscopic sterilization.
AHRQ-funded; HS017950.
Citation: Conover MM, Howell JO, Wu JM .
Incidence of opioid-managed pelvic pain after hysteroscopic sterilization versus laparoscopic sterilization, US 2005-2012.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015 Aug;24(8):875-84. doi: 10.1002/pds.3766..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Opioids, Pain, Women
Shah ED, Siegel CA, Chong K
Patients with Crohn's disease are more likely to remain on biologics than immunomodulators: a meta-analysis of treatment durability.
The researchers aimed to clarify treatment durability by assessing subject discontinuations from clinical trials in the context of treatment efficacy. They found that for patients with Crohn’s disease, biologic therapies had higher durability than immunomodulators for induction and maintenance therapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747.
Citation: Shah ED, Siegel CA, Chong K .
Patients with Crohn's disease are more likely to remain on biologics than immunomodulators: a meta-analysis of treatment durability.
Dig Dis Sci 2015 Aug;60(8):2408-18. doi: 10.1007/s10620-015-3618-8..
Keywords: Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Chronic Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness
Singh JA, Cameron C, Noorbaloochi S
Risk of serious infection in biological treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The researchers sought to determine whether biological drugs are associated with an increased risk of serious infection compared with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). They found that standard-dose and high-dose biological drugs, with or without traditional DMARDs, are associated with an increase in serious infections in rheumatoid arthritis compared with traditional DMARDs, although low-dose biological drugs are not.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Singh JA, Cameron C, Noorbaloochi S .
Risk of serious infection in biological treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lancet 2015 Jul 18;386(9990):258-65. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61704-9.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Arthritis, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Lin CB, Cox M, Olson DM
Perception versus actual performance in timely tissue plasminogen activation administration in the management of acute ischemic stroke.
The purpose of this study was to compare stroke teams’ perceptions of their performance against known metrics associated with tPA administration. It found that less than one-third (29.1 percent) of staff accurately identified their door-to-needle performance It concluded that hospitals often overestimate their ability to deliver timely tPA to treated patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS016964.
Citation: Lin CB, Cox M, Olson DM .
Perception versus actual performance in timely tissue plasminogen activation administration in the management of acute ischemic stroke.
J Am Heart Assoc 2015 Jul;4(7). doi: 10.1161/jaha.114.001298..
Keywords: Stroke, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication
Polgreen LA, Cook EA, Brooks JM
Increased statin prescribing does not lower pneumonia risk.
The objective of this study was to determine if the observed protective effects of statins against pneumonia are a result of nonrandom treatment assignment rather than a direct effect of the medication. It found that in at least 1 major population of statin users the protective effects of statins against pneumonia disappear once nonrandom treatment assignment is accounted for.
AHRQ-funded; HS018381.
Citation: Polgreen LA, Cook EA, Brooks JM .
Increased statin prescribing does not lower pneumonia risk.
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Jun 15;60(12):1760-6. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ190..
Keywords: Medication, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Risk, Comparative Effectiveness
Singh JA, Akhras KS, Shiozawa A
Comparative effectiveness of urate lowering with febuxostat versus allopurinol in gout: analyses from large U.S. managed care cohort.
The researchers sought to assess the comparative effectiveness of febuxostat and allopurinol in reducing serum urate (sUA) levels in a real-world U.S. managed care setting. It concluded that febuxostat was more effective than allopurinol at the currently used doses in lowering sUA in gout patients as demonstrated by post-index mean sUA level, the likelihood of and the time to achieving sUA goals.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Singh JA, Akhras KS, Shiozawa A .
Comparative effectiveness of urate lowering with febuxostat versus allopurinol in gout: analyses from large U.S. managed care cohort.
Arthritis Res Ther 2015 May 12;17(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0624-3..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Medication, Treatments
Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, Sturmer T
Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women receiving glyburide compared with insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a US population-based cohort. It found an association between glyburide (compared with insulin) and elevated risk of NICU admission, neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, birth injury, and large for gestational age in women with GDM.
AHRQ-funded; HS017950.
Citation: Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, Sturmer T .
Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 May;169(5):452-8. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.74..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness, Diabetes, Labor and Delivery, Maternal Care, Medication, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Pregnancy, Women
Yun H, Delzell E, Saag KG
Fractures and mortality in relation to different osteoporosis treatments.
The researchers aimed to determine if fracture and mortality rates vary among patients initiating different osteoporosis medications. They found that IV ibandronate and calcitonin were associated with higher rates of some types of fracture when compared to IV zolendronic acid. The relatively high mortality associated with use of calcitonin may reflect the poorer health of users of this agent.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: Yun H, Delzell E, Saag KG .
Fractures and mortality in relation to different osteoporosis treatments.
Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015 May-Jun;33(3):302-9..
Keywords: Osteoporosis, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Romanelli RJ, Chung S, Pu J
Comparative effectiveness of early versus delayed metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the effectiveness of early versus delayed initiation of metformin monotherapy on glycemic control (measured by change in HbA1c) and weight modification (change in body mass index [BMI]). It found that treatment with metformin earlier in the course of type 2 diabetes is associated with better glycemic control, more pronounced weight reduction, and a lower risk for therapy intensification than delayed treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS019815.
Citation: Romanelli RJ, Chung S, Pu J .
Comparative effectiveness of early versus delayed metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015 Apr;108(1):170-8. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.12.019..
Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Obesity: Weight Management, Outcomes
Linder JA
Comparative effectiveness of three anxiolytics for acute respiratory infections: antibiotics, C-reactive protein point-of-care testing, and improved communication.
Forty years of randomized controlled trials, as well as more recent guidelines and performance measures, indicate that antibiotics are not beneficial for acute bronchitis and that the right antibiotic prescribing rate is zero. The author argues that the best cure for acute respiratory infection-related anxiety appears to be improved communication, facilitated by the use of well-designed patient information materials.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Linder JA .
Comparative effectiveness of three anxiolytics for acute respiratory infections: antibiotics, C-reactive protein point-of-care testing, and improved communication.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Apr;30(4):387-9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3181-1..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Quality of Care