National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (5)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 11 of 11 Research Studies DisplayedHorton DB, Xie F, Chen L
Oral glucocorticoids and incident treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and venous thromboembolism in children.
The purpose of this study was to quantify rates of incident treatment for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with oral glucocorticoid exposure in children aged 1-18 years. Participants were identified using US Medicaid claims data and included more than 930,000 children diagnosed with autoimmune diseases or a nonimmune comparator condition. Findings showed strong dose-dependent relationships between current glucocorticoid exposure and all outcomes, suggesting strong relative risks, but low absolute risks, of newly-treated VTE, diabetes, and especially hypertension in children taking high-dose oral glucocorticoids.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Horton DB, Xie F, Chen L .
Oral glucocorticoids and incident treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and venous thromboembolism in children.
Am J Epidemiol 2021 Feb 1;190(3):403-12. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa197..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Blood Clots, Medication: Safety, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Risk, Patient Safety, Blood Pressure
Bramante CT, Ingraham NE, Murray TA
Metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis.
This study examined whether metformin use by patients with diagnosed with type 2 diabetes had reduced mortality when hospitalized for COVID-19. Pharmacy claims data from UnitedHealth Group’s Clinical Discovery Claims Database was used. Patient data were included if they were aged 18 years or older; had type 2 diabetes or obesity (defined based on claims); at least 6 months of continuous enrolment in 2019; and admission to hospital for COVID-19 confirmed by PCR; manual chart review by UHG; or reported from the hospital to UHG. Metformin was not associated with significant reduction in mortality among men, but there was an association with decreased mortality in women.
AHRQ-funded; HS026379.
Citation: Bramante CT, Ingraham NE, Murray TA .
Metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Lancet Healthy Longev 2021 Jan;2(1):e34-e41. doi: 10.1016/s2666-7568(20)30033-7..
Keywords: COVID-19, Hospitalization, Medication, Mortality, Risk, Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Public Health, Infectious Diseases
McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Van Houten HK
Paradox of glycemic management: multimorbidity, glycemic control, and high-risk medication use among adults with diabetes.
Researchers examined contemporary patterns of glycemic control and use of medications known to cause hypoglycemia among adults with diabetes across age and multimorbidity. They found that the proportion of patients achieving low HbA1c levels was highest among older and multimorbid patients. Older patients and patients with higher comorbidity burden were more likely to be treated with insulin to achieve these HbA1c levels despite the potential for hypoglycemia and uncertain long-term benefit.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Van Houten HK .
Paradox of glycemic management: multimorbidity, glycemic control, and high-risk medication use among adults with diabetes.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020 Feb;8(1). doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001007..
Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Evidence-Based Practice, Risk, Chronic Conditions
Randolph AC, Lin YL, Volpi E
Tricyclic antidepressant and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid-analog use is associated with fall risk in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
This study invested whether tricyclic antidepressant and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid-analog (TCA/GABA) use is associated fall risk in older diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients. A nationally representative 5% Medicare sample between the years 2008 and 2010 were used, and 5,550 patients with TCA/GABA prescriptions were compared to 22,200 patients without a TCA/GABA prescription. Patients were followed until there was an incidence of a fall or first incidence of a fracture during the follow-up period of up to 5 years. After covariate adjustment, there was a statistically significant increase in falls and fractures for patients using TCAs or GABA-analogs.
AHRQ-funded; HS020642.
Citation: Randolph AC, Lin YL, Volpi E .
Tricyclic antidepressant and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid-analog use is associated with fall risk in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2019 Jun;67(6):1174-81. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15779..
Keywords: Medication, Diabetes, Elderly, Falls, Injuries and Wounds, Medicare, Risk
Flory JH, Keating SJ, Siscovick D
Identifying prevalence and risk factors for metformin non-persistence: a retrospective cohort study using an electronic health record.
Non-persistence may be a significant barrier to the use of metformin. The objective of this study was to assess reasons for metformin non-persistence, and whether initial metformin dosing or use of extended release (ER) formulations affect persistence to metformin therapy. The investigators concluded that their data supported the routine prescribing of low starting doses of metformin as a tool to improve persistence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Flory JH, Keating SJ, Siscovick D .
Identifying prevalence and risk factors for metformin non-persistence: a retrospective cohort study using an electronic health record.
BMJ Open 2018 Jul 23;8(7):e021505. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021505..
Keywords: Diabetes, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk
Leonard CE, Han X, Brensinger CM
Comparative risk of serious hypoglycemia with oral antidiabetic monotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare risks of serious hypoglycemia among antidiabetic monotherapy-treated adults receiving metformin, a sulfonylurea, a meglitinide, or a thiazolidinedione. The investigators found that sulfonylureas were associated with the highest rates of serious hypoglycemia. Among all study drugs, the highest rate was seen with glyburide. Pioglitazone was associated with a lower adjusted hazard for serious hypoglycemia vs metformin, while rosiglitazone and nateglinide had hazards similar to that of metformin.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Leonard CE, Han X, Brensinger CM .
Comparative risk of serious hypoglycemia with oral antidiabetic monotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018 Jan;27(1):9-18. doi: 10.1002/pds.4337..
Keywords: Risk, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Diabetes, Medication
Schroeder EB, Xu S, Goodrich GK
Predicting the 6-month risk of severe hypoglycemia among adults with diabetes: development and external validation of a prediction model.
Researchers developed and validated two prediction models for predicting the 6-month risk of hypoglycemia. The 16-variable model had slightly better performance than the 6-variable model, but in some practice settings, use of the simpler model may be preferred.
AHRQ-funded; HS019859; HS022963.
Citation: Schroeder EB, Xu S, Goodrich GK .
Predicting the 6-month risk of severe hypoglycemia among adults with diabetes: development and external validation of a prediction model.
J Diabetes Complications 2017 Jul;31(7):1158-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.04.004.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Diabetes, Medication, Risk
Flory JH, Ukena JK, Floyd JS
Novel anti-glycemic drugs and reduction of cardiovascular risk in diabetes: expectations realized, promises unmet.
The researchers review evidence on cardiovascular risks and benefits of new treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their review reports new evidence suggesting that the newest diabetes drugs are safe from a cardiovascular perspective. Evidence on benefit from at least some members of the GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT-2 inhibitor classes is encouraging but not yet decisive.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Flory JH, Ukena JK, Floyd JS .
Novel anti-glycemic drugs and reduction of cardiovascular risk in diabetes: expectations realized, promises unmet.
Curr Atheroscler Rep 2016 Dec;18(12):79. doi: 10.1007/s11883-016-0633-y.
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Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk
McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Yao X
Intensive treatment and severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes.
The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of intensive treatment and the association between intensive treatment, clinical complexity, and incidence of severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin. The researchers found that over 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes received intensive treatment that might have been unnecessary and that among patients with high clinical complexity, intensive treatment nearly doubled the risk of severe hypoglycemia.
AHRQ-funded; HS018339.
Citation: McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Yao X .
Intensive treatment and severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes.
JAMA Intern Med 2016 Jul;176(7):969-78. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.2275.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Diabetes, Medication, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Risk
Tsai HT, Keating NL, Van Den Eeden SK
Risk of diabetes among patients receiving primary androgen deprivation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer.
The researchers sought to determine if primary androgen deprivation therapy increases the risk of diabetes and to determine the susceptibility factors. They found that primary androgen deprivation therapy may increase diabetes risk by 60% and recommended using caution when managing localized prostate cancer. They further recommended routine screening and lifestyle interventions to reduce the risk of diabetes in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS022915.
Citation: Tsai HT, Keating NL, Van Den Eeden SK .
Risk of diabetes among patients receiving primary androgen deprivation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer.
J Urol 2015 Jun;193(6):1956-62. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.12.027.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Diabetes, Medication, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Risk
Chang SH, Luo S, O'Brian KK
Association between metformin use and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma in US veterans with diabetes mellitus: a population-based retrospective cohort study.
The authors assessed the association between metformin use and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma. They found that metformin use was associated with a reduced risk of progression to multiple myeloma.
AHRQ-funded; HS022330.
Citation: Chang SH, Luo S, O'Brian KK .
Association between metformin use and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma in US veterans with diabetes mellitus: a population-based retrospective cohort study.
Lancet Haematol 2015 Jan;2(1):e30-6. doi: 10.1016/s2352-3026(14)00037-4.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Outcomes, Risk