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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 27 Research Studies DisplayedPurnell TS, Bignall ONR, Norris KC
Centering anti-racism and social justice in nephrology education to advance kidney health equity.
This article discusses actions necessary to effectively prepare a new generation of nephrology thought leaders who understand the roles of structural racism and social determinants of health (SDOH) in continuing racial disparities as critical issues in efforts that promote kidney health equity. The authors provide their recommendations for centering antiracism and social justice in nephrology education to advance kidney health equity, including: 1 Acknowledging and adopting evidence-based strategies to address implicit biases and explicit acts of interpersonal racism in healthcare encounters that may perpetuate kidney health disparities; 2) Strive to remove structural racism at the societal and health system levels that systematically introduce inequities in kidney care; 3) incorporate research training inclusive of methodologic and content areas that are vital to health equity; 4) foster role modeling within nephrology education through faculty mentorship and professional networking opportunities. The authors conclude that to effectively advance kidney research and practice, sustainable solutions to eradicate disparities must be developed and a prepared nephrology workforce must be trained, one that centers antiracism and social justice in sustained efforts to advance kidney health equity.
AHRQ-funded; HS024600.
Citation: Purnell TS, Bignall ONR, Norris KC .
Centering anti-racism and social justice in nephrology education to advance kidney health equity.
J Am Soc Nephrol 2022 Nov;33(11):1981-84. doi: 10.1681/asn.2022040432..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Kidney Disease and Health, Disparities, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Education: Curriculum
Cohen TN, Anger JT, Kanji FF
A novel approach for engagement in team training in high-technology surgery: the Robotic-Assisted Surgery Olympics.
The purpose of this study was to develop the “Robotic-Assisted Surgery (RAS) Olympics,” a “serious game”-based educational competition to improve the skills required to successfully perform RAS. The pilot study was conducted at an academic medical center in Southern California. Sixteen operating room members participated in the event, reporting that they preferred the RAS Olympics to traditional training, enjoyed the activity, would recommend all staff participate, felt that it was relevant to their work, and believed that they practiced and learned new techniques that would improve their practice. The participants’ confidence in their skills did not change. The researchers concluded that new information was gained about new possibilities for simultaneously engaging and training surgical staff while emphasizing RAS safety and efficiency.
AHRQ-funded; HS026491.
Citation: Cohen TN, Anger JT, Kanji FF .
A novel approach for engagement in team training in high-technology surgery: the Robotic-Assisted Surgery Olympics.
J Patient Saf 2022 Sep 1;18(6):570-77. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001056..
Keywords: Surgery, Training, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Simulation, Teams
Laverriere EK, Fiadjoe JE, McGowan N
A prospective observational study of video laryngoscopy-guided coaching in the pediatric intensive care unit.
The primary goal of this study was to evaluate whether implementation of video laryngoscopy-guided coaching for tracheal intubation in pediatric patients is feasible with a high level of compliance and associated with a reduction in adverse tracheal intubation-associated events. Findings showed that implementation of video laryngoscopy as a supervising device with standardized coaching language was feasible with a high level of adherence, yet was not associated with an increased occurrence of any adverse tracheal intubation-associated events and oxygen desaturation.
AHRQ-funded; HS024511; HS021583; HS022464.
Citation: Laverriere EK, Fiadjoe JE, McGowan N .
A prospective observational study of video laryngoscopy-guided coaching in the pediatric intensive care unit.
Paediatr Anaesth 2022 Sep;32(9):1015-23. doi: 10.1111/pan.14505..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care, Education: Continuing Medical Education
Cross WF, West JC, Crean HF
Measurement of primary care providers' suicide prevention skills following didactic education.
This study’s objective was to determine if didactic training by medical residents and nurse practitioner (NP) trainees increased their skills to assess and manage patients’ suicidal ideation, intent, and behaviors. Online didactic training was provided to 127 medical resident and NP trainees followed by a standardized patient interaction conducted to assess demonstrated suicide prevention skills (i.e., assessment of risk factors, protective factors, suicidal ideation and behavior, safety planning). Participants demonstrated only about half of the possible total skills in most domains and were least competent in assessing potential risk for suicide. Residents were rated significantly higher than NPs on observed skills.
AHRQ-funded; HS024224.
Citation: Cross WF, West JC, Crean HF .
Measurement of primary care providers' suicide prevention skills following didactic education.
Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022 Jun;52(3):373-82. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12827..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Primary Care, Prevention, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider: Physician, Training
McCarthy DM, Formella KT, Ou EZ
There's an app for that: teaching residents to communicate diagnostic uncertainty through a mobile gaming application.
The purpose of this study was to improve doctor-patient communication by assessing the utilization of a mobile application (app) for teaching physician communication skills about diagnostic uncertainty, obtaining feedback on app utilization, and evaluating the association between app use and mastery of skills. Emergency medicine resident physicians were randomized to receive immediate or delayed access to an educational curriculum focused on diagnostic uncertainty which included a web-based interactive model and an app. Only 31.2% of the 109 participants used the app, with senior residents more likely to use the app than junior residents. Researchers report that of those who used the app, reviews were positive, with 76% indicating the app facilitated their learning. The study found that in the trial there was no significant correlation between the utilization of the app and mastery of the communication skill. The researchers concluded that without mandated use and evidence of effectiveness, apps should not be offered to physicians as an educational option and training opportunity for improving communication skills.
AHRQ-funded; HS025651.
Citation: McCarthy DM, Formella KT, Ou EZ .
There's an app for that: teaching residents to communicate diagnostic uncertainty through a mobile gaming application.
Patient Educ Couns 2022 Jun;105(6):1463-69. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.09.038..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Jindal M, Mistry KB, McRae A
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB,
"It makes me a better person and doctor": a qualitative study of residents' perceptions of a curriculum addressing racism.
The purpose of this study was to explore how pediatric residents perceive the impact of a curriculum addressing racism on their knowledge, motivation, skills and behaviors and investigate the contextual factors that promote or impede the curriculum's effectiveness. Semi structured interviews were conducted at two academic medical centers among pediatric residents. Findings showed that medical education addressing racism can facilitate the perceived acquisition of foundational knowledge regarding race and racism, motivation and skill-building to combat racism, and action planning aimed at improving patient care.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Jindal M, Mistry KB, McRae A .
"It makes me a better person and doctor": a qualitative study of residents' perceptions of a curriculum addressing racism.
Acad Pediatr 2022 Mar;22(2):332-41. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.12.012..
Keywords: Education: Curriculum, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Provider: Physician
Heiderscheit EA, Schlick CJR, Ellis RJ
Experiences of LGBTQ+ residents in US general surgery training programs.
The purpose of this study was to determine the national prevalence of mistreatment and poor well-being for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) surgery residents compared with their non-LGBTQ+ peers. A voluntary, anonymous survey was conducted for clinically active general surgery residents training in accredited general surgery programs following their American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination. Findings showed that mistreatment was a common experience for LGBTQ+ surgery residents, with attending surgeons being the most common overall source. Increased suicidality among LGBTQ+ surgery residents was associated with this mistreatment. Recommendations included multifaceted interventions to develop safer and more inclusive learning environments.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Heiderscheit EA, Schlick CJR, Ellis RJ .
Experiences of LGBTQ+ residents in US general surgery training programs.
JAMA Surg 2022 Jan;157(1):23-32. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.5246..
Keywords: Provider: Physician, Surgery, Training, Education: Continuing Medical Education
Kuijpers L, Binkhorst M, Yamada NK
Validation of an instrument for real-time assessment of neonatal intubation skills: a randomized controlled simulation study.
This study’s aim was to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of real-time assessment of a previously developed neonatal intubation scoring instrument (NIST). This randomized controlled simulation study was performed at a simulation-based research and training facility. Twenty-four experienced clinicians and 11 medical students performed two identical elective intubations on a neonatal patient simulation. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, who received predefined feedback between the two intubations, or the control group who received no feedback. There was a statistically significant different median change in percentage scores between the intervention and control groups between the first and second intubations. Construct validity was proven for the neonatal scoring instrument.
AHRQ-funded; HS023506.
Citation: Kuijpers L, Binkhorst M, Yamada NK .
Validation of an instrument for real-time assessment of neonatal intubation skills: a randomized controlled simulation study.
Am J Perinatol 2022 Jan;39(2):195-203. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1715530..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Simulation, Education: Continuing Medical Education
Phillips R, Kennedy J, Jaén C
Transforming physician certification to support physician self-motivation and capacity to improve quality and safety.
The American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) is making strategic investments in the next major evolution of continuous certification. The ABFM is the first certifying board to launch a registry that is designed to support physician capacity for quality assessment, improvement, data-reporting requirements, and population management. The ABFM aims to help physicians maintain the privilege of self-governance by helping them continuously earn it.
AHRQ-funded; HS022583.
Citation: Phillips R, Kennedy J, Jaén C .
Transforming physician certification to support physician self-motivation and capacity to improve quality and safety.
Journal of Enterprise Transformation 2016 Dec 14;6(3-4):162-69. doi: 10.1080/19488289.2016.1216020.
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Keywords: Education: Continuing Medical Education, Quality of Care, Patient Safety, Provider
Wang D, Luque AE
Evaluation of a statewide HIV-HCV-STD online clinical education program by healthcare providers - a comparison of nursing and other disciplines.
The authors evaluated the New York State HIV-HCV-STD Clinical Education Initiative (CEI) online education program and compared the self-reported measures by clinicians from different disciplines. They found that physicians and nurse practitioners were the most satisfied, while pharmacists and case/care managers recorded lower than average responses. They recommended that online education programs consider the unique needs by clinicians from specific disciplines.
AHRQ-funded; HS022057.
Citation: Wang D, Luque AE .
Evaluation of a statewide HIV-HCV-STD online clinical education program by healthcare providers - a comparison of nursing and other disciplines.
Stud Health Technol Inform 2016;225:267-71.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Infectious Diseases, Provider, Web-Based
Rajaram R, Saddat L, Chung J
Impact of the 2011 ACGME resident duty hour reform on hospital patient experience and processes-of-care.
The investigators evaluated the association between resident duty hour reform and measures of processes-of-care and patient experience. They concluded that the 2011 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education duty hour reform was not associated with improvements in process-of-care and patient experience measures.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Rajaram R, Saddat L, Chung J .
Impact of the 2011 ACGME resident duty hour reform on hospital patient experience and processes-of-care.
BMJ Qual Saf 2016 Dec;25(12):962-70. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004794.
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Keywords: Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), Education: Continuing Medical Education, Quality of Care, Patient Experience, Patient Safety
Thomas GW, Rojas-Murillo S, Hanley JM
Skill assessment in the interpretation of 3D fracture patterns from radiographs.
The researchers determined if 3D radiographic image interpretation can be reliably assessed, and whether this assessment varies by level of training. They concluded that the interpretation of radiographs to discern 3D information is a promising and a relatively unexplored area for surgical skill education and assessment.
AHRQ-funded; HS022077.
Citation: Thomas GW, Rojas-Murillo S, Hanley JM .
Skill assessment in the interpretation of 3D fracture patterns from radiographs.
Iowa Orthop J 2016;36:1-6.
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Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Injuries and Wounds, Imaging, Training
Ruis AR, Shaffer DW, Shirley DK
Teaching health care workers to adopt a systems perspective for improved control and prevention of health care-associated infections.
The authors argue that procedural approaches alone, even with high levels of adherence, are often insufficient to solve the growing problem of health care-associated infections (HAIs); it is equally important that interventions address the more complex cognitive aspects of HAI control and prevention. Health care workers (HCWs) face many patient care situations for which standard procedures have not been and cannot be developed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023791.
Citation: Ruis AR, Shaffer DW, Shirley DK .
Teaching health care workers to adopt a systems perspective for improved control and prevention of health care-associated infections.
Am J Infect Control 2016 Nov;44(11):1360-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.04.211.
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Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Provider
Barsuk JH, Cohen ER, Williams MV
The effect of simulation-based mastery learning on thoracentesis referral patterns.
This study aimed to (1) assess the effect of simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) on internal medicine residents' simulated thoracentesis skills and (2) compare thoracentesis referral patterns, self-confidence, and reasons for referral between traditionally trained residents (non-SBML-trained), SBML-trained residents, and hospitalist physicians. This study identified confidence and time as reasons physicians refer thoracenteses rather than perform them at the bedside.
AHRQ-funded; HS021202.
Citation: Barsuk JH, Cohen ER, Williams MV .
The effect of simulation-based mastery learning on thoracentesis referral patterns.
J Hosp Med 2016 Nov;11(11):792-95. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2623..
Keywords: Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider Performance, Training
Klerman EB, Beckett SA, Landrigan CP
Applying mathematical models to predict resident physician performance and alertness on traditional and novel work schedules.
Using a mathematical model of the effects of circadian rhythms and length of time awake on objective performance and subjective alertness, the researchers compared predictions for traditional intern schedules to those that limit work to </= 16 consecutive hours. Their model predicted fewer hours with poor performance and alertness, especially during night-time work hours, for all three novel schedules than for either of the two traditional schedules.
AHRQ-funded; HS017357.
Citation: Klerman EB, Beckett SA, Landrigan CP .
Applying mathematical models to predict resident physician performance and alertness on traditional and novel work schedules.
BMC Med Educ 2016 Sep 13;16(1):239. doi: 10.1186/s12909-016-0751-9.
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Keywords: Education: Continuing Medical Education, Patient Safety, Provider Performance, Workforce
Pradarelli JC, Jaffe GA, Lemak CH
A leadership development program for surgeons: first-year participant evaluation.
The researchers evaluated a Leadership Development Program for practicing surgeons by exploring how the program's strengths and weaknesses affected the surgeons' development as physician-leaders. They found that surgeon-participants reported positive impacts of the program on their day-to-day work activities and general career perspective as well as on their long-term career development plans. The participants also recommended areas where the program could be improved. The authors concluded that a curriculum designed specifically for surgeons may enable future programs to equip surgeons better for important leadership roles in a complex health care environment.
AHRQ-funded; HS023597.
Citation: Pradarelli JC, Jaffe GA, Lemak CH .
A leadership development program for surgeons: first-year participant evaluation.
Surgery 2016 Aug;160(2):255-63. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.03.011.
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Keywords: Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider: Health Personnel, Surgery
Ishizuka M, Rangarajan V, Sawyer TL
The development of tracheal intubation proficiency outside the operating suite during pediatric critical care medicine fellowship training: a retrospective cohort study using cumulative sum analysis.
The researchers hypothesized that both overall and first-attempt tracheal intubation success rates by pediatric critical care medicine fellows would improve over the course of training. They found that all fellows who completed 3 years of training during the study period achieved an acceptable 90% overall tracheal intubation success rate. They concluded that further investigations on a larger scale across different training programs are necessary to clarify intensity and duration of the training to achieve tracheal intubation procedural competency.
AHRQ-funded; HS021583; HS022464.
Citation: Ishizuka M, Rangarajan V, Sawyer TL .
The development of tracheal intubation proficiency outside the operating suite during pediatric critical care medicine fellowship training: a retrospective cohort study using cumulative sum analysis.
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016 Jul;17(7):e309-16. doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000774.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Critical Care, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Children/Adolescents, Respiratory Conditions
Augustine J, Warholak TL, Hines LE
Ability and use of comparative effectiveness research by P&T committee members and support staff: a 1-year follow-up.
The study’s objective was to provide a follow-up assessment of the use of comparative effectiveness research (CER) in the pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee decision-making process, using information collected from participants 1 year after attending a live continuing education program. It concluded that health professionals attending a continuing education CER program reported higher use of CER materials compared with nonattendees.
AHRQ-funded; HS019220.
Citation: Augustine J, Warholak TL, Hines LE .
Ability and use of comparative effectiveness research by P&T committee members and support staff: a 1-year follow-up.
J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2016 Jun;22(6):618-25. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.6.618.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider: Health Personnel, Provider: Pharmacist
Kamal AH, Anderson WG, Boss RD
The Cambia Sojourns Scholars Leadership Program: project summaries from the inaugural scholar cohort.
The Cambia Health Foundation designed the Sojourns Scholar Leadership Program to facilitate leadership development among budding palliative care leaders. This paper presents the background, aims, and results to date of each of the projects from the scholars of the inaugural cohort.
AHRQ-funded; HS023681.
Citation: Kamal AH, Anderson WG, Boss RD .
The Cambia Sojourns Scholars Leadership Program: project summaries from the inaugural scholar cohort.
J Palliat Med 2016 Jun;19(6):591-600. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2016.0086.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Palliative Care, Training
Snyder ME, Frail CK, Gernant SA
Fellowships in community pharmacy research: experiences of five schools and colleges of pharmacy.
The researchers described common facilitators, challenges, and lessons learned in 5 schools and colleges of pharmacy in establishing community pharmacy research fellowships. They found that common characteristics across the programs include length of training, prerequisites, graduate coursework, mentoring structure, and immersion into a pharmacist patient care practice. A common challenge has been recruitment, with many programs experiencing at least one year without filling the fellowship position.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Snyder ME, Frail CK, Gernant SA .
Fellowships in community pharmacy research: experiences of five schools and colleges of pharmacy.
J Am Pharm Assoc 2016 May-Jun;56(3):316-22. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2015.11.015.
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Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider: Pharmacist
Rinke ML, Mock CK, Persing NM
The Armstrong Institute Resident/Fellow Scholars: a multispecialty curriculum to train future leaders in patient safety and quality improvement.
The purpose of the study was to determine if a year-long, multispecialty resident and fellow quality improvement (QI) curriculum was feasible and led to improvements in QI beliefs and self-reported behaviors.
AHRQ-funded; HS021282; HS017952.
Citation: Rinke ML, Mock CK, Persing NM .
The Armstrong Institute Resident/Fellow Scholars: a multispecialty curriculum to train future leaders in patient safety and quality improvement.
Am J Med Qual 2016 May;31(3):224-32. doi: 10.1177/1062860614568523..
Keywords: Education: Continuing Medical Education, Education: Curriculum, Patient Safety, Quality Improvement
Kayle M, Brennan-Cook J, Carter BM
Evaluation of a sickle cell disease educational website for emergency providers.
Electronic surveys were used to conduct a formal evaluation of the accuracy and relevance of the website's content, as well as the effectiveness of the education modules in improving knowledge among health care providers. Both sickle cell disease experts and ED providers agreed that the module content was clear and easy to understand, accurate, comprehensive, relevant, and met module objectives.
AHRQ-funded; HS019646.
Citation: Kayle M, Brennan-Cook J, Carter BM .
Evaluation of a sickle cell disease educational website for emergency providers.
Adv Emerg Nurs J 2016 Apr-Jun;38(2):123-32. doi: 10.1097/tme.0000000000000099.
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Keywords: Education: Continuing Medical Education, Emergency Department, Health Information Technology (HIT), Provider, Sickle Cell Disease
Leary JC, Schainker EG, Leyenaar JK
The unwritten rules of mentorship: facilitators of and barriers to effective mentorship in pediatric hospital medicine.
This study aimed to characterize successful pediatric hospitalists' past and current mentorship experiences and identify facilitators of and barriers to effective mentorship in pediatric hospital medicine (PHM). They found that several themes emerged regarding facilitators of and barriers to effective mentorship in PHM. These "unwritten rules of mentorship" may serve as a guide to establish and maintain beneficial mentorship relationships and overcome challenges.
AHRQ-funded; HS024133.
Citation: Leary JC, Schainker EG, Leyenaar JK .
The unwritten rules of mentorship: facilitators of and barriers to effective mentorship in pediatric hospital medicine.
Hosp Pediatr 2016 Apr;6(4):219-25. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2015-0108..
Keywords: Education: Continuing Medical Education, Hospitals, Children/Adolescents, Quality Improvement, Training
Sulzer SH, Feinstein NW, Wendland CL
Assessing empathy development in medical education: a systematic review.
The authors examined how researchers define the central construct of empathy and what they choose to measure. They found that the majority of studies were characterised by internal inconsistencies and vagueness in both the conceptualization and operationalization of empathy, constraining the validity and usefulness of the research. They suggested that future research follow the lead of basic scientific research that conceptualizes empathy as relational rather than as a personal quality that may be modified wholesale through appropriate training.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Sulzer SH, Feinstein NW, Wendland CL .
Assessing empathy development in medical education: a systematic review.
Med Educ 2016 Mar;50(3):300-10. doi: 10.1111/medu.12806.
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Keywords: Education: Academic, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Clinician-Patient Communication
Fordis M, King JE, Bonaduce de Nigris F
Dissemination of evidence from systematic reviews through academic CME providers: a feasibility study.
This study explored the feasibility of working with continuing medical education (CME) directors and faculty to promote systematic review utilization. They found that potential barriers included faculty unfamiliarity with systematic reviews, challenges in maintaining review currency, and review scope. Systematic review evidence and summary products proved acceptable to CME directors, course faculty, and learners by multiple measures, demonstrating the feasibility of approaches to use AHRQ-SRs in CME courses and programming.
AHRQ-funded; 290200810015.
Citation: Fordis M, King JE, Bonaduce de Nigris F .
Dissemination of evidence from systematic reviews through academic CME providers: a feasibility study.
J Contin Educ Health Prof 2016 Spring;36(2):104-12. doi: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000074.
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Keywords: Communication, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Evidence-Based Practice, Implementation