National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Access to Care (3)
- Adverse Events (2)
- Arthritis (1)
- Asthma (1)
- Behavioral Health (2)
- Blood Pressure (1)
- Cancer (2)
- Cancer: Lung Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (1)
- Care Coordination (1)
- Caregiving (1)
- Care Management (1)
- Children/Adolescents (9)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Community-Acquired Infections (1)
- Community-Based Practice (4)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Diabetes (2)
- Disabilities (2)
- Disparities (8)
- Domestic Violence (1)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (5)
- Evidence-Based Practice (5)
- Eye Disease and Health (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Guidelines (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (3)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
- Healthcare Delivery (3)
- Healthcare Utilization (4)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (4)
- Health Insurance (4)
- Health Services Research (HSR) (1)
- Health Status (7)
- Hospitalization (6)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (3)
- Implementation (1)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (2)
- Kidney Disease and Health (1)
- Lifestyle Changes (2)
- Low-Income (4)
- Maternal Care (2)
- Medicaid (3)
- Medicare (4)
- Medication (1)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Mortality (4)
- Newborns/Infants (1)
- Nursing Homes (1)
- Nutrition (4)
- Obesity (1)
- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
- Organizational Change (1)
- Orthopedics (2)
- Outcomes (3)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (4)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (2)
- Patient Experience (1)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Payment (2)
- Policy (4)
- Practice Improvement (1)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Pregnancy (2)
- Prevention (2)
- Primary Care (4)
- Provider (1)
- Provider: Clinician (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Quality of Life (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (8)
- Research Methodologies (2)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Risk (5)
- Screening (7)
- Sex Factors (1)
- (-) Social Determinants of Health (54)
- Social Stigma (1)
- Substance Abuse (1)
- Surgery (4)
- Tobacco Use (1)
- Tobacco Use: Smoking Cessation (1)
- Trauma (1)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (2)
- Urban Health (3)
- Vulnerable Populations (8)
- Women (3)
- Workflow (1)
- Young Adults (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 54 Research Studies DisplayedNeerland C, Slaughter-Acey J, Behrens K
An evidence map for social and structural determinants for maternal morbidity and mortality: a systematic review.
The study aimed to identify social and structural determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality during prenatal and postpartum periods in the U.S. Out of 8,378 references screened, 118 studies were included, covering domains like identity, socioeconomic factors, violence, and trauma. Findings revealed mixed patterns between risk factors and outcomes, with notable attention to depression and mental health. Advancing the field long-term should involve developing comprehensive datasets to thoroughly investigate intersections with biological and medical risk factors.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00008.
Citation: Neerland C, Slaughter-Acey J, Behrens K .
An evidence map for social and structural determinants for maternal morbidity and mortality: a systematic review.
Obstet Gynecol 2024 Mar; 143(3):383-92. doi: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005489.
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Maternal Care, Mortality, Evidence-Based Practice, Risk, Women, Outcomes
Hogg-Graham R, Benitez JA, Lacy ME
Association between community social vulnerability and preventable hospitalizations.
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between variations in social vulnerability and preventable hospitalization rates. The researchers analyzed county-level preventable hospitalization rates for 33 states linked with data from the 2020 Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The study found that preventable hospitalizations were 40% greater in the most vulnerable counties compared with the least vulnerable. Adjusted regression results confirm the strong relationship between social vulnerability and preventable hospitalizations.
AHRQ-funded; HS025494.
Citation: Hogg-Graham R, Benitez JA, Lacy ME .
Association between community social vulnerability and preventable hospitalizations.
Med Care Res Rev 2024 Feb; 81(1):31-38. doi: 10.1177/10775587231197248..
Keywords: Hospitalization, Social Determinants of Health
Carroll AR, Hall M, Noelke C
Association of neighborhood opportunity and pediatric hospitalization rates in the United States.
This study examined associations between a validated, multidimensional measure of social determinants of health and population-based hospitalization rates among children <18 years across 18 states from the 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases and the US Census. Exposure was ZIP code-level Child Opportunity Index (COI), a composite measure of neighborhood resources and conditions that matter for children's health. The cohort included 614,823 hospitalizations among a population of 29,244,065 children, which measures at 21.02 hospitalizations per 1000. Adjusted hospitalization rates decreased significantly and in a stepwise fashion as COI increased, from 26.56 per 1000 in very low COI areas to 14.76 per 1000 in very high COI areas (incidence rate ratio 1.8). Decreasing neighborhood opportunity was associated with increasing hospitalization rates among children in the study.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Carroll AR, Hall M, Noelke C .
Association of neighborhood opportunity and pediatric hospitalization rates in the United States.
J Hosp Med 2024 Feb; 19(2):120-25. doi: 10.1002/jhm.13252..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Social Determinants of Health
Fleming MD, Safaeinili N, Knox M
Organizational and community resilience for COVID-19 and beyond: leveraging a system for health and social services integration.
This case study paper examined how a preexisting initiative to align health care, public health, and social services influenced COVID-19 pandemic response. In-depth interviews were conducted with administrators and frontline staff in health care, public health, and social services in Contra Costa County, California from October 2020 to May 2021. The authors interviewed 31 informants including 14 managers in public health, health care, or social services and 17 social needs case managers who coordinated services across these sectors on behalf of patients. They identified four distinct components of the county's system alignment capabilities that supported COVID-19 response, including (1) an organizational culture of adaptability fostered through earlier system alignment efforts, which included the ability and willingness to rapidly implement new organizational processes, (2) trusting relationships among organizations based on prior, positive experiences of cross-sector collaboration, (3) capacity to monitor population health of historically marginalized community members, including information infrastructures, data analytics, and population monitoring and outreach, and (4) frontline staff with flexible skills to support health and social care who had built relationships with the highest risk community members.
AHRQ-funded; HS027648.
Citation: Fleming MD, Safaeinili N, Knox M .
Organizational and community resilience for COVID-19 and beyond: leveraging a system for health and social services integration.
Health Serv Res 2024 Feb; 59(suppl 1):e14250. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14250..
Keywords: COVID-19, Social Determinants of Health
Danielson EC, Li W, Suleiman L
Social risk and patient-reported outcomes after total knee replacement: implications for Medicare policy.
The objective of this study was to determine if county- or patient-level social risk factors are associated with patient-reported outcomes after total knee replacement when added to the comprehensive joint replacement risk-adjustment model. Patient and outcomes data from the Function and Outcomes Research for Comparative Effectiveness in Total Joint Replacement cohort were merged with the CDC Social Vulnerability Index. The findings indicated that patient-reported race, education, and income were associated with patient-reported pain or functional scores; pain improvement was negatively associated with Black race and positively associated with higher annual incomes. The authors concluded that these findings suggested that patient-level social factors warrant further investigation to promote health equity in patient-reported outcomes after total knee replacement.
Citation: Danielson EC, Li W, Suleiman L .
Social risk and patient-reported outcomes after total knee replacement: implications for Medicare policy.
Health Serv Res 2024 Feb; 59(1):e14215. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14215.
Keywords: Surgery, Orthopedics, Medicare, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Social Determinants of Health
French DD, Wang A, Prager AJ
Association of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundations' social determinants of health and Medicare ocular hospitalizations: a cross sectional data analysis.
The purpose of this paper was to determine whether social determinants of health are associated with ocular hospitalizations. Results showed that, compared to an all-condition hospitalized population, ocular hospitalizations tended to have small, yet statistically significant, associations with health behaviors, socioeconomic, and physical environment factors. Further research is recommended on how these variables affect ocular health relative to all-cause hospitalizations.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078; HS000084.
Citation: French DD, Wang A, Prager AJ .
Association of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundations' social determinants of health and Medicare ocular hospitalizations: a cross sectional data analysis.
Ophthalmol Ther 2019 Dec;8(4):611-22. doi: 10.1007/s40123-019-00220-1..
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Eye Disease and Health, Hospitalization, Medicare
McMurtry CL, Findling MG, Casey LS
Discrimination in the United States: experiences of Asian Americans.
This study examined the prevalence of racial discrimination among Asian Americans and its impact on health outcomes. A nationally representative, probability-based telephone survey was conducted comparing 500 Asian and 902 white US adults from January to April 2017. Thirteen percent of Asians reported discrimination in healthcare encounters, and at least one in four experienced discrimination in employment, housing, and experienced microaggressions (35%) or racial slurs (32%). This resulted in Asians having higher odds than whites of reporting avoiding health care due to discrimination concerns.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: McMurtry CL, Findling MG, Casey LS .
Discrimination in the United States: experiences of Asian Americans.
Health Serv Res 2019 Dec;54(Suppl2):1419-30. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13225..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, Patient Experience
Fichtenberg CM, Alley DE, Mistry KB
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB
Improving social needs intervention research: key questions for advancing the field.
This paper summarizes emerging evidence and identifies key areas where more research is needed to advance implementation and policy development. Gaps exist in terms of comparative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of social needs intervention approaches. Increased understanding of mechanisms of action to maximize practitioners' ability to tailor interventions would be a benefit. More research is recommended to guard against unintended consequences and ensure these interventions reduce health inequities. Implementation science research should identify supports and incentives for adoption of effective interventions. Focusing both public and private research efforts on these evidence gaps can help advance identification of interventions that maximize both health equity and healthcare value.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; HS026664.
Citation: Fichtenberg CM, Alley DE, Mistry KB .
Improving social needs intervention research: key questions for advancing the field.
Am J Prev Med 2019 Dec;57(6s1):S47-s54. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.07.018..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Social Determinants of Health
Predmore Z, Hatef E, Weiner JP
Integrating social and behavioral determinants of health into population health analytics: a conceptual framework and suggested road map.
There is growing recognition that social and behavioral risk factors impact population health outcomes. Interventions that target these risk factors can improve health outcomes. This study presents a review of existing literature and proposes a conceptual framework for the integration of social and behavioral data into population health analytics platforms. The authors describe several use cases for these platforms at the patient, health system, and community levels, and align these use cases with the different types of prevention identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Predmore Z, Hatef E, Weiner JP .
Integrating social and behavioral determinants of health into population health analytics: a conceptual framework and suggested road map.
Popul Health Manag 2019 Dec;22(6):488-94. doi: 10.1089/pop.2018.0151..
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Risk, Research Methodologies
Byhoff E, Taylor LA
Massachusetts community-based organization perspectives on Medicaid redesign.
The purpose of the study was to investigate how community-based organizations perceive Medicaid policy changes to address the social determinants of health. Forty-six key informant interviews were conducted, representing 44 community-based organizations across Massachusetts. Findings showed that changes to Medicaid policy can catalyze interest in partnership between healthcare organizations and community-based organizations. Recommendations included having policymakers and healthcare leadership ensure that community-based organizations are part of strategy development and social service program implementation.
AHRQ-funded; HS026664.
Citation: Byhoff E, Taylor LA .
Massachusetts community-based organization perspectives on Medicaid redesign.
Am J Prev Med 2019 Dec;57(6 Suppl 1):S74-s81. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.07.017..
Keywords: Medicaid, Social Determinants of Health, Policy, Health Insurance
De Marchis EH, Hessler D, Fichtenberg C
Part I: A quantitative study of social risk screening acceptability in patients and caregivers.
This study evaluated patient and caregiver acceptability of social risk screening. Adult patients and the adult caregivers of pediatric patients were recruited from primary care clinics and emergency departments across nine states for a survey; survey items included the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Accountable Health Communities' social risk screening tool and questions about the appropriateness of screening and including social risk data in electronic health records. Results showed that a strong majority of surveyed patients and caregivers found social risk screening to be appropriate. Most also felt comfortable including social risk data in electronic health records. The researchers conclude that lack of patient acceptability is unlikely to be a major implementation barrier.
AHRQ-funded; HS026664.
Citation: De Marchis EH, Hessler D, Fichtenberg C .
Part I: A quantitative study of social risk screening acceptability in patients and caregivers.
Am J Prev Med 2019 Dec;57(6 Suppl 1):S25-s37. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.07.010..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Caregiving, Screening, Social Determinants of Health, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Huffstetler AN, Phillips RL
Payment structures that support social care integration with clinical care: social deprivation indices and novel payment models.
This perspective article focuses on four models employed both internationally and domestically to outline the implementation, successes, limitations, and research needed to support national application of social determinants of health (SDH) models. The association between high social risk and poor medical outcomes has been established globally; however, healthcare payment policies designed to respond to this relationship generally lack evidence of affecting outcomes. In countries with a legacy of adjusting healthcare payments for social risk, more robust evaluation of associated effects could be helpful. Payers, states, or health systems making similar resource commitments should build in robust longitudinal evaluations of outcomes to inform the evolution of their payment policies.
AHRQ-funded; HS026664.
Citation: Huffstetler AN, Phillips RL .
Payment structures that support social care integration with clinical care: social deprivation indices and novel payment models.
Am J Prev Med 2019 Dec;57(6s1):S82-s88. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.07.011..
Keywords: Payment, Social Determinants of Health, Policy
Krist AH, Davidson KW, Ngo-Metzger Q
AHRQ Author: Ngo-Metzger Q, Mills J
Social determinants as a preventive service: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force methods considerations for research.
The authors offer a brief review of the social determinants of health that may be germane to the USPSTF, the methods the USPSTF uses to evaluate relevant evidence, and current evidence gaps for social risks. Their road map for research is intended to spark ingenuity and purpose in the next generation of research studies, thereby ensuring that future recommendations to address and prevent social risks in primary care are informed by high-quality evidence.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; HS026664.
Citation: Krist AH, Davidson KW, Ngo-Metzger Q .
Social determinants as a preventive service: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force methods considerations for research.
Am J Prev Med 2019 Dec;57(6s1):S6-s12. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.07.013..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Social Determinants of Health, Research Methodologies, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
Roberts ET, Mellor JM, McInerney M
State variation in the characteristics of Medicare-Medicaid dual enrollees: Implications for risk adjustment.
The purpose of this study was to examine between-state differences in the socioeconomic and health characteristics of Medicare beneficiaries dually enrolled in Medicaid, focusing on characteristics not observable to or used by policy makers for risk adjustment. The investigators concluded that characteristics of dual enrollees differed substantially across states, reflecting differences in states' low-income Medicare populations and Medicaid policies.
AHRQ-funded; HS026727; HS025422.
Citation: Roberts ET, Mellor JM, McInerney M .
State variation in the characteristics of Medicare-Medicaid dual enrollees: Implications for risk adjustment.
Health Serv Res 2019 Dec;54(6):1233-45. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13205..
Keywords: Medicare, Medicaid, Social Determinants of Health
Wong MS, Arnold CM, Roberts ET
The relationship between federal housing assistance and uptake of cancer screening among low-income adults.
The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between participation in federal housing assistance programs and self-reported cancer screening among low-income adults. The investigators concluded that their results reinforced the need to improve rates of screening and suggested that providing housing assistance, in and of itself, may be insufficient to overcome the multiple access barriers that low-income populations face.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Wong MS, Arnold CM, Roberts ET .
The relationship between federal housing assistance and uptake of cancer screening among low-income adults.
J Gen Intern Med 2019 Dec;34(12):2714-16. doi: 10.1007/s11606-019-05037-z..
Keywords: Cancer, Screening, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations, Access to Care, Healthcare Utilization, Social Determinants of Health
Cottrell EK, Dambrun K, Cowburn S
Variation in electronic health record documentation of social determinants of health across a national network of community health centers.
This paper described the adoption of an electronic health record-based social determinants of health screening tool in a national network of more than 100 community health centers. The investigators concluded that screening documentation patterns varied widely across the network of community health centers. The investigators suggested that despite the growing national emphasis on the importance of screening for social determinants of health, the findings suggested that simply activating electronic health record tools for social determinants of health screening did not lead to widespread adoption.
AHRQ-funded; HS022651.
Citation: Cottrell EK, Dambrun K, Cowburn S .
Variation in electronic health record documentation of social determinants of health across a national network of community health centers.
Am J Prev Med 2019 Dec;57(6 Suppl 1):S65-s73. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.07.014..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Social Determinants of Health
Roy B, Riley C, Herrin J
Associations between community well-being and hospitalisation rates: results from a cross-sectional study within six US states.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between community well-being, a positively framed, multidimensional assessment of the health and quality of life of a geographic community, and hospitalisation rates. The investigators found that community well-being was inversely associated with local hospitalisation rates. They suggest that in addition to health and quality-of-life benefits, higher community well-being may also result in fewer unnecessary hospitalisations.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Roy B, Riley C, Herrin J .
Associations between community well-being and hospitalisation rates: results from a cross-sectional study within six US states.
BMJ Open 2019 Nov 27;9(11):e030017. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030017..
Keywords: Hospitalization, Health Status, Quality of Life, Healthcare Utilization, Social Determinants of Health
Tung EL, Chua RFM, Besser SA
Association of rising violent crime with blood pressure and cardiovascular risk: longitudinal evidence from Chicago, 2014-2016.
The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between rising violent crime and elevated blood pressure (BP). They analyzed 217,816 BP measurements from 17,783 adults during a temporal surge in violent crime in Chicago (2014-2016).The investigators concluded that rising violent crime was associated with increased BP during a temporal crime surge.
AHRQ-funded; HS023007.
Citation: Tung EL, Chua RFM, Besser SA .
Association of rising violent crime with blood pressure and cardiovascular risk: longitudinal evidence from Chicago, 2014-2016.
Am J Hypertens 2019 Nov 15;32(12):1192-98. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpz134..
Keywords: Blood Pressure, Social Determinants of Health, Risk
Calthorpe LM, Pantell MS
Differences in the prevalence of childhood adversity by geography in the 2017-18 National Survey of Children's Health.
This study examined differences in childhood exposures to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) by geography and determined whether geography moderates the relationship between ACE exposure and health outcomes including overall health, asthma, ADHD, and special health care needs. Cross-sectional data from 2017-2017 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) was analyzed. Rural residency was associated with 1.29 times increased odds of exposure to 4+ ACEs compared to suburban residency. Urban residency status was observed to increase the association between ACEs and asthma.
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation: Calthorpe LM, Pantell MS .
Differences in the prevalence of childhood adversity by geography in the 2017-18 National Survey of Children's Health.
Child Abuse Negl 2021 Jan;111:104804. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104804..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Social Determinants of Health, Health Status
Fleming MD, Guo C, Knox M
Impact of social needs case management on use of medical and behavioral health services: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
This research letter describes a secondary analysis that was conducted of a randomized encouragement study that assigned Medicaid beneficiaries with high risk for acute care use to social needs case management or to be administratively observed in the control group from August 2017 through December 2018. These services connect patients to resources such as food assistance, housing, transportation, or income benefits in addition to facilitating access to health care and behavioral health services. The study group included adults 18 years or older, who are residents of Contra Costa County in California, and enrolled in full-scope Medicaid. The case management enrollees were assigned to a case manager who assessed their needs, created a patient-centered care plan, and provided ongoing support including community resource referrals, coordination with primary care providers, and collaboration on applications for public benefits. Case managers had diverse backgrounds and included public health nurses, social workers, substance misuse counselors, mental health clinicians, homeless service specialists, and community health workers. Case management was offered either in-person or by remote telephonic services for 1 year. About 40% (n = 8577) of enrolled patients used the services. There were 21,422 intervention group enrollments and 22,839 in the weighted control group. The intervention group had significantly higher rates of primary care visits compared with the control group. No differences were found between the treatment groups for specialty care visits, behavioral health visits, psychiatric emergency visits, or jail intakes.
AHRQ-funded; HS027648.
Citation: Fleming MD, Guo C, Knox M .
Impact of social needs case management on use of medical and behavioral health services: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
Ann Intern Med 2023 Aug; 176(8):1139-41. doi: 10.7326/m23-0876..
Keywords: Medicaid, Vulnerable Populations, Social Determinants of Health, Care Management, Care Coordination
Bass AR, Mehta B, Szymonifka J
Racial disparities in total knee replacement failure as related to poverty.
The authors sought to determine whether racial disparities in total knee replacement (TKR) failure are explained by poverty. Linking New York state patients to residential census tracts by geocoded addresses, they found that there was a trend toward higher TKR revision risk in blacks, but poverty did not modify the relationship between race and TKR revision or failure.
AHRQ-funded; HS016075.
Citation: Bass AR, Mehta B, Szymonifka J .
Racial disparities in total knee replacement failure as related to poverty.
Arthritis Care Res 2019 Nov;71(11):1488-94. doi: 10.1002/acr.24028..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Low-Income, Surgery, Orthopedics, Social Determinants of Health
Zullo AR, Adams JW, Gantenberg JR
Examining neighborhood poverty-based disparities in HIV/STI prevalence: an analysis of Add Health data.
The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of exposure to neighborhood poverty in adolescence on HIV/STI prevalence in early adulthood. The investigators found that strong evidence for neighborhood poverty-based differences in HIV/STI prevalence was not observed. They suggest that researchers should continue to investigate the effect of neighborhood-level socioeconomic position measures and, if warranted, identify etiologically relevant exposure periods.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Zullo AR, Adams JW, Gantenberg JR .
Examining neighborhood poverty-based disparities in HIV/STI prevalence: an analysis of Add Health data.
Ann Epidemiol 2019 Nov;39:8-14.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.09.010..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations, Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Infectious Diseases, Young Adults, Health Status
Qi AC, Peacock K, Luke AA
Associations between social risk factors and surgical site infections after colectomy and abdominal hysterectomy.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether social risk factors, including race/ethnicity, insurance status, and neighborhood income, were associated with higher rates of surgical site infections (SSI) after colectomy or abdominal hysterectomy, 2 surgical procedures for which SSI rates are publicly reported and included in pay-for-performance programs by Medicare and other groups. The investigators report that inconsistent associations between social risk factors and SSIs were found.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Qi AC, Peacock K, Luke AA .
Associations between social risk factors and surgical site infections after colectomy and abdominal hysterectomy.
JAMA Netw Open 2019 Oct 2;2(10):e1912339. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12339..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Risk, Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events, Social Determinants of Health
Ke C, Kim SJ, Shah BR
AHRQ Author: Bierman AS
Impact of socioeconomic status on incidence of end-stage renal disease and mortality after dialysis in adults with diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether low socioeconomic status (SES), with or without universal drug coverage, predicts end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and survival after dialysis in patients with diabetes. Results showed that low SES was inversely associated with ESRD outcomes in individuals with diabetes, and this disparity was reduced in those age 65 and older who universally received prescription drug coverage. Low SES was associated with a higher mortality after dialysis, largely explained by lower kidney transplantation rates in poorer populations.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Ke C, Kim SJ, Shah BR .
Impact of socioeconomic status on incidence of end-stage renal disease and mortality after dialysis in adults with diabetes.
Can J Diabetes 2019 Oct;43(7):483-89.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.04.006..
Keywords: Diabetes, Kidney Disease and Health, Mortality, Social Determinants of Health
Smith NA, Voisin DR, Yang JP
Keeping your guard up: hypervigilance among urban residents affected by community and police violence.
This study’s aim was to quantify the effects of hypervigilance among urban residents affected by community and police violence. A survey of 504 adults in Chicago in 2018 was done in a neighborhood affected by high levels of violence. It was found that exposure to police violence was associated with a 9.8% increase in hypervigilance while exposure to community violence caused a 5.5% increase. Among participants who had a police stop, it was associated with 20% increase in hypervigilance. Overall, the highest quartile of hypervigilance was associated with higher systolic blood pressure.
AHRQ-funded; HS023007.
Citation: Smith NA, Voisin DR, Yang JP .
Keeping your guard up: hypervigilance among urban residents affected by community and police violence.
Health Aff 2019 Oct;38(10):1662-69. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00560..
Keywords: Urban Health, Social Determinants of Health, Behavioral Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice