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Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Arthritis (2)
- Autism (1)
- Back Health and Pain (2)
- Behavioral Health (1)
- Blood Thinners (1)
- Cancer: Colorectal Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (2)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Colonoscopy (1)
- (-) Comparative Effectiveness (16)
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine (1)
- Depression (1)
- Elderly (1)
- (-) Evidence-Based Practice (16)
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- Heart Disease and Health (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (1)
- Medication (5)
- Outcomes (3)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (10)
- Prevention (2)
- Research Methodologies (4)
- Sex Factors (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 16 of 16 Research Studies DisplayedAsher GN, Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN
Comparative benefits and harms of complementary and alternative medicine therapies for initial treatment of major depressive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.
The objective of this study was to report the comparative benefits and harms of exercise and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments with second-generation antidepressants (SGA) for major depressive disorder (MDD). The investigators indicated that although they found little difference in the comparative efficacy of most CAM therapies or exercise and SGAs, the overall poor quality of the available evidence base tempers any conclusions that they might draw from those trials.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200008I.
Citation: Asher GN, Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN .
Comparative benefits and harms of complementary and alternative medicine therapies for initial treatment of major depressive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal Altern Complement Med 2017 Dec;23(12):907-19. doi: 10.1089/acm.2016.0261..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Depression, Evidence-Based Practice, Behavioral Health
Butler M, Epstein RA, Totten A
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 3: adapting frameworks to develop protocols.
This article identifies and describes elements of frameworks and how they can be adapted to inform the protocol and conduct of systematic reviews of complex interventions. Possible approaches to analytic frameworks for complex interventions that illustrate causal and associative linkages are outlined, including time elements, which systematic reviews of complex interventions may need to address.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200004C; 290201500008I; 290201500005I; 290201500006I; 290201500010I.
Citation: Butler M, Epstein RA, Totten A .
AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 3: adapting frameworks to develop protocols.
J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Oct;90:19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.013.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Braun D, Gorfine M, Parmigiani G
Propensity scores with misclassified treatment assignment: a likelihood-based adjustment.
The researchers show that misclassification of treatment assignment can impact three distinct stages of a propensity score analysis. They examine how error in the treatment assignment impacts each stage in the context of three common propensity score implementations: subclassification, matching, and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). They propose a two-step likelihood-based approach which fully adjusts for treatment misclassification bias under subclassification
AHRQ-funded; HS021991.
Citation: Braun D, Gorfine M, Parmigiani G .
Propensity scores with misclassified treatment assignment: a likelihood-based adjustment.
Biostatistics 2017 Oct 1;18(4):695-710. doi: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxx014.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Landsittel DP, Kessler L, Schmid CH
Training in patient-centered outcomes research for specific researcher communities.
A number of publications have discussed approaches to training the scientific workforce in comparative effectiveness research (CER) and patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR). To extend these efforts into specific researcher communities, the AHRQ developed a Funding Opportunity Announcement that called for training for a specific researcher community in collaboration with associated program partners. This paper describes the strategies developed by the 5 subsequently funded programs, and the challenges associated with developing in-person and online programs.
AHRQ-funded; HS023214; HS023199; HS023299; HS023207; HS023185.
Citation: Landsittel DP, Kessler L, Schmid CH .
Training in patient-centered outcomes research for specific researcher communities.
J Clin Transl Sci 2017 Oct;1(5):278-84. doi: 10.1017/cts.2017.307.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies, Training
Balk EM, Lichtenstein AH
Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: summary of the 2016 Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality evidence review.
The authors summarize the 2016 update of the 2004 Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality's evidence review of omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The overall findings for the effects of marine oil supplements on intermediate CVD outcomes remain largely unchanged. The strongest effect of marine oils is on triglyceride concentrations.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500002I.
Citation: Balk EM, Lichtenstein AH .
Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: summary of the 2016 Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality evidence review.
Nutrients 2017 Aug 11;9(8). doi: 10.3390/nu9080865.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Weitlauf AS, Sathe N, McPheeters ML
Interventions targeting sensory challenges in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.
This review evaluated the effectiveness and safety of interventions targeting sensory challenges in ASD. It concluded that some interventions may yield modest short-term (<6 months) improvements in sensory- and ASD symptom severity-related outcomes; the evidence base is small, and the durability of the effects is unclear. Although some therapies may hold promise, substantial needs exist for continuing improvements in methodologic rigor.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500003I.
Citation: Weitlauf AS, Sathe N, McPheeters ML .
Interventions targeting sensory challenges in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.
Pediatrics 2017 Jun;139(6):e20170347. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-0347.
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Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Children/Adolescents, Autism
Garcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Hernan MA
The value of explicitly emulating a target trial when using real world evidence: an application to colorectal cancer screening.
Researchers reviewed a recent observational analysis that explicitly emulated a target trial of screening colonoscopy using insurance claims from U.S. Medicare. They then compared this explicit emulation with alternative, simpler observational analyses. This empirical comparison suggests that lack of an explicit emulation of the target trial leads to biased estimates, and shows that allowing for repeated eligibility increases the statistical efficiency of the estimates.
AHRQ-funded; HS023128.
Citation: Garcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Hernan MA .
The value of explicitly emulating a target trial when using real world evidence: an application to colorectal cancer screening.
Eur J Epidemiol 2017 Jun;32(6):495-500. doi: 10.1007/s10654-017-0287-2.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Colonoscopy, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies
Singh JA, Hossain A, Mudano AS
Biologics or tofacitinib for people with rheumatoid arthritis naive to methotrexate: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
The researchers performed a systematic review to compare the benefits and harms of biologics and small molecule tofacitinib versus comparator (methotrexate (MTX) and other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are naive to methotrexate. They concluded that in MTX-naive RA participants, there was moderate-quality evidence that, compared with MTX alone, biologics with MTX were associated with absolute and relative clinically meaningful benefits in three of the efficacy outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Singh JA, Hossain A, Mudano AS .
Biologics or tofacitinib for people with rheumatoid arthritis naive to methotrexate: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 May 8;5:CD012657. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd012657.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Arthritis, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J
Nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline.
The researchers systematically reviewed the current evidence on nonpharmacologic therapies for acute or chronic nonradicular or radicular low back pain. They found that several nonpharmacologic therapies for primarily chronic low back pain are associated with small to moderate, usually short-term effects on pain; findings include new evidence on mind-body interventions.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200014I.
Citation: Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J .
Nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline.
Ann Intern Med 2017 Apr 4;166(7):493-505. doi: 10.7326/m16-2459.
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Keywords: Back Health and Pain, Chronic Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice
Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J
Systemic pharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline.
The authors reviewed the current evidence on systemic pharmacologic therapies for acute or chronic nonradicular or radicular low back pain. They found that several systemic medications for low back pain are associated with small to moderate, primarily short-term effects on pain. New evidence suggests that acetaminophen is ineffective for acute low back pain, and duloxetine is associated with modest effects for chronic low back pain.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200014I.
Citation: Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J .
Systemic pharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline.
Ann Intern Med 2017 Apr 4;166(7):480-92. doi: 10.7326/m16-2458.
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Keywords: Back Health and Pain, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice
O'Toole RV, Gary JL, Reider L
A prospective randomized trial to assess fixation strategies for severe open tibia fractures: modern ring external fixators versus internal fixation (FIXIT study).
The FIXIT study is a prospective, multicenter randomized trial comparing 1-year outcomes after treatment of severe open tibial shaft fractures with modern external ring fixation versus internal fixation among men and women of ages 18-64. The primary outcome is rehospitalization for major limb complications. One-year treatment costs and patient satisfaction will be compared between the 2 groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: O'Toole RV, Gary JL, Reider L .
A prospective randomized trial to assess fixation strategies for severe open tibia fractures: modern ring external fixators versus internal fixation (FIXIT study).
J Orthop Trauma 2017 Apr;31 Suppl 1:S10-s17. doi: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000804.
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Keywords: Injuries and Wounds, Surgery, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice
Palamaner Subash Shantha G, Bhave PD, Girotra S
Sex-specific comparative effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation.
This study assessed the sex-specific, comparative effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban and dabigatran), compared to each other and to warfarin among patients with atrial fibrillation. It concluded that the reduced risk of ischemic stroke in patients taking rivaroxaban, compared with dabigatran and warfarin, seems to be limited to men, whereas the higher risk of bleeding seems to be limited to women.
AHRQ-funded; HS023104.
Citation: Palamaner Subash Shantha G, Bhave PD, Girotra S .
Sex-specific comparative effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2017 Apr;10(4). doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.116.003418.
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Keywords: Elderly, Heart Disease and Health, Blood Thinners, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Cardiovascular Conditions, Sex Factors, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Singh JA, Hossain A, Tanjong Ghogomu E
Biologics or tofacitinib for people with rheumatoid arthritis unsuccessfully treated with biologics: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
This review is focused on biologic or tofacitinib therapy in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had previously been treated unsuccessfully with biologics. Biologic (with or without methotrexate (MTX)) or tofacitinib (with MTX) use was associated with clinically meaningful and statistically significant benefits compared to placebo or an active comparator (MTX/other traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) among people with RA previously unsuccessfully treated with biologics.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Singh JA, Hossain A, Tanjong Ghogomu E .
Biologics or tofacitinib for people with rheumatoid arthritis unsuccessfully treated with biologics: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 10;3:CD012591. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd012591.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Arthritis, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Strom MA, Silverberg JI
Association between atopic dermatitis and extracutaneous infections in US adults.
This study sought to determine whether adult atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with various aetiologies of extracutaneous infection. It found that adult AD alone was significantly associated with one, two and three infections, but was most strongly associated with four or more infections. However, AD with additional atopic disease was associated with even higher risk of two, three and four or more infections compared with AD alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Strom MA, Silverberg JI .
Association between atopic dermatitis and extracutaneous infections in US adults.
Br J Dermatol 2017 Feb;176(2):495-97. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14708.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Morad A, Sathe NA, Francis DO
Tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting for recurrent throat infection: a systematic review.
This study compared sleep, cognitive, behavioral, and health outcomes of tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting in children with recurrent throat infections. It found that throat infections, utilization, and school absences improved in the first postsurgical year in tonsillectomized children versus children not receiving surgery. Benefits did not persist over time; longer-term outcomes are limited.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500003I.
Citation: Morad A, Sathe NA, Francis DO .
Tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting for recurrent throat infection: a systematic review.
Pediatrics 2017 Feb;139(2). doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-3490.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Children/Adolescents, Surgery, Evidence-Based Practice
Shekelle PG, Newberry SJ, FitzGerald JD
Management of gout: a systematic review in support of an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline.
The authors reviewed evidence about treatment of acute gout attacks, management of hyperuricemia to prevent attacks, and discontinuation of medications for chronic gout in adults. They concluded that colchicine, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids relieve pain in adults with acute gout. Urate-lowering therapy decreases serum urate levels and reduces risk for acute gout attacks.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200006I.
Citation: Shekelle PG, Newberry SJ, FitzGerald JD .
Management of gout: a systematic review in support of an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline.
Ann Intern Med 2017 Jan 3;166(1):37-51. doi: 10.7326/m16-0461.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness