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Search All Research Studies
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- (-) Cancer (10)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedFeliciano JL, Waldfogel JM, Sharma R
Pharmacologic interventions for breathlessness in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the use of pharmacological interventions for breathlessness in patients with advanced cancer. Studies were identified from database inception to May 2020 using predefined eligibility criteria. Pharmacologic intervention benefits and harms were compared, focusing on breathlessness, anxiety, exercise capacity and health-related quality of life. Out of 7729 unique citations, 19 studies with a total of 1424 patients were included. Opioids were not associated with more effectiveness than placebo for improving breathlessness or exercise capacity. Anxiolytics were also not associated with more effectiveness than placebo for breathlessness or anxiety. There was limited evidence for other pharmacologic interventions. There was some harm, but it was minimal in those short-term studies.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500006I.
Citation: Feliciano JL, Waldfogel JM, Sharma R .
Pharmacologic interventions for breathlessness in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Feb;4(2):e2037632. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37632..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Respiratory Conditions, Medication, Treatments, Opioids, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Quality of Life, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Heneghan MB, Hussain T, Barrera L
Applying the COM-B model to patient-reported barriers to medication adherence in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
This study examined parent- and patient-reported barriers to oral chemotherapy adherence with children with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The medicine most often used was 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Forty-nine parents and 15 patients were surveyed and most reported at least one adherence barrier. Most of the barriers were about meeting other patients with ALL or meeting other parents. Patients also reported difficulty in finding out what their medications are, and what 6-MP does. These barriers can lead to relapse if they are not addressed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Heneghan MB, Hussain T, Barrera L .
Applying the COM-B model to patient-reported barriers to medication adherence in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020 May;67(5):e28216. doi: 10.1002/pbc.28216..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Treatments, Cancer, Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Beg MS, Gupta A, Sher D
Impact of concurrent medication use on pancreatic cancer survival-SEER-Medicare analysis.
Researchers examined the association of several medication classes on pancreatic cancer survival, using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database. They found that the use of beta-blockers, heparin, insulin, and warfarin were associated with improved survival in patients with pancreatic cancer, whereas metformin, thiazolidinedione, statin, and combination therapies were not. The authors recommended additional studies to validate these findings in the clinical setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Beg MS, Gupta A, Sher D .
Impact of concurrent medication use on pancreatic cancer survival-SEER-Medicare analysis.
Impact of concurrent medication use on pancreatic cancer survival-SEER-Medicare analysis..
Keywords: Cancer, Medication, Mortality, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Semenkovich TR, Panni RZ, Hudson JL
Comparative effectiveness of upfront esophagectomy versus induction chemoradiation in clinical stage T2N0 esophageal cancer: a decision analysis.
This study examined comparative effectiveness and survival rates for upfront esophagectomy versus induction chemoradiation in patients with clinical stage T2N20 esophageal cancer. A decision analysis model was created for the two treatment strategies. Results showed comparable median survival rates for both strategies. The optimal treatment strategy depended on the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound staging.
AHRQ-funded; HS022330.
Citation: Semenkovich TR, Panni RZ, Hudson JL .
Comparative effectiveness of upfront esophagectomy versus induction chemoradiation in clinical stage T2N0 esophageal cancer: a decision analysis.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 May;155(5):2221-30.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.01.006..
Keywords: Treatments, Cancer, Surgery, Comparative Effectiveness, Shared Decision Making, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Medication
Lou I, Chennell TB, Schaefer SC
Optimizing outpatient pain management after thyroid and parathyroid surgery: a two-institution experience.
This study aimed to describe the outpatient narcotic medication needs for patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery, and to identify predictors of higher requirement. It concluded that overall, 93 percent of patients undergoing thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy require 20 or fewer oral morphine equivalents by their postoperative visit.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Lou I, Chennell TB, Schaefer SC .
Optimizing outpatient pain management after thyroid and parathyroid surgery: a two-institution experience.
Ann Surg Oncol 2017 Jul;24(7):1951-57. doi: 10.1245/s10434-017-5781-y.
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Keywords: Cancer, Medication, Pain, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery
Dorris K, Liu C, Li D
A comparison of safety and efficacy of cytotoxic versus molecularly targeted drugs in pediatric phase I solid tumor oncology trials.
A systematic review of pediatric phase I solid tumor trials published in 1990-2013 was performed. The published reports were evaluated for patient characteristics, toxicity information, and response numbers. The review concluded that in phase I pediatric solid tumor trials, objective response rates were significantly higher for cytotoxic versus targeted agents. Stable disease rates were similar in targeted and cytotoxic drug trials.
AHRQ-funded; HS022437.
Citation: Dorris K, Liu C, Li D .
A comparison of safety and efficacy of cytotoxic versus molecularly targeted drugs in pediatric phase I solid tumor oncology trials.
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017 Mar;64(3). doi: 10.1002/pbc.26258.
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Keywords: Patient Safety, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Children/Adolescents, Cancer, Medication
Arvold ND, Cefalu M, Wang Y
Comparative effectiveness of radiotherapy with vs. without temozolomide in older patients with glioblastoma.
It is unknown whether the addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to radiotherapy (RT) is associated with improved overall survival among older glioblastoma patients. This study found that among a large cohort of older glioblastoma patients treated in a real-world setting, the addition of TMZ to RT was associated with a small survival gain.
AHRQ-funded; HS021991.
Citation: Arvold ND, Cefalu M, Wang Y .
Comparative effectiveness of radiotherapy with vs. without temozolomide in older patients with glioblastoma.
J Neurooncol 2017 Jan;131(2):301-11. doi: 10.1007/s11060-016-2294-7.
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Keywords: Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness, Elderly, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Goodwin JS, Zhou J, Kuo YF
Risk of jaw osteonecrosis after intravenous bisphosphonates in cancer patients and patients without cancer.
The researchers compared the risk of jaw osteonecrosis after intravenous (IV) bisphosphonate administered to patients with cancer vs patients without cancer. During follow-up, 40 (0.42 percent) out of 9,482 patients with cancer developed probable jaw osteonecrosis compared with 8 (0.05 percent) out of 16,046 patients without cancer.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Goodwin JS, Zhou J, Kuo YF .
Risk of jaw osteonecrosis after intravenous bisphosphonates in cancer patients and patients without cancer.
Mayo Clin Proc 2017 Jan;92(1):106-13. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.015.
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Keywords: Cancer, Osteoporosis, Risk, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Du XL, Parikh RC, Lairson DR
Racial and geographic disparities in the patterns of care and costs at the end of life for patients with lung cancer in 2007-2010 after the 2006 introduction of bevacizumab.
The authors examined racial/ethnic and geographical disparities in cancer care and costs during the last 6 months of life for lung cancer decedents after the FDA's approval of bevacizumab. They found that there were substantial racial/ethnic and geographic disparities in the types of cancer care and costs in the last 6 months of life among lung cancer decedents, regardless of the length of survival times and hospice care status.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Du XL, Parikh RC, Lairson DR .
Racial and geographic disparities in the patterns of care and costs at the end of life for patients with lung cancer in 2007-2010 after the 2006 introduction of bevacizumab.
Lung Cancer 2015 Dec;90(3):442-50. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.09.017.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Disparities, Healthcare Costs, Medication, Palliative Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Practice Patterns, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Feudtner C, Freedman J, Kang T
Comparative effectiveness of senna to prevent problematic constipation in pediatric oncology patients receiving opioids: a multicenter study of clinically detailed administrative data.
The researcher investigated senna’s effectiveness, compared with other prophylactic oral bowel medications, in reducing opioid-induced constipation in pediatric cancer patients. They found that initiating senna therapy within two days of starting opioids, compared with initiating another oral bowel medication, was significantly associated with a lower risk of problematic constipation.
AHRQ-funded; HS018425.
Citation: Feudtner C, Freedman J, Kang T .
Comparative effectiveness of senna to prevent problematic constipation in pediatric oncology patients receiving opioids: a multicenter study of clinically detailed administrative data.
J Pain Symptom Manage 2014 Aug;48(2):272-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.09.009..
Keywords: Cancer, Children/Adolescents, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication