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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (3)
- Children/Adolescents (3)
- Clostridium difficile Infections (2)
- Community-Acquired Infections (3)
- Community-Based Practice (1)
- Community Partnerships (1)
- Critical Care (2)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Genetics (2)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (10)
- Hospitalization (2)
- Hospitals (2)
- Injuries and Wounds (2)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (2)
- Long-Term Care (1)
- (-) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (21)
- Mortality (1)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (1)
- Newborns/Infants (3)
- Nursing Homes (2)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (1)
- Patient Safety (11)
- Prevention (8)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Risk (3)
- Screening (1)
- Skin Conditions (1)
- Treatments (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 21 of 21 Research Studies DisplayedPierce R, Bryant K, Elward A
Bacterial infections in neonates following mupirocin-based MRSA decolonization: a multicenter cohort study.
This study characterized the risk of infection after MRSA decolonization with intranasal mupirocin. It concluded that in a multicentered cohort of MRSA-colonized neonates, mupirocin-based decolonization treatment appeared to decrease the risk of infection with select gram-positive organisms as intended, and the treatment was not significantly associated with risk of subsequent infections with organisms not covered by mupirocin's spectrum of activity.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Pierce R, Bryant K, Elward A .
Bacterial infections in neonates following mupirocin-based MRSA decolonization: a multicenter cohort study.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017 Aug;38(8):930-36. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.108.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Newborns/Infants, Patient Safety
Deshpande A, Cadnum JL, Fertelli D
Are hospital floors an underappreciated reservoir for transmission of health care-associated pathogens?
In a survey of 5 hospitals, the researchers found that floors in patient rooms were frequently contaminated with pathogens and high-touch objects such as blood pressure cuffs and call buttons were often in contact with the floor. Contact with objects on floors frequently resulted in transfer of pathogens to hands.
AHRQ-funded; HS020004.
Citation: Deshpande A, Cadnum JL, Fertelli D .
Are hospital floors an underappreciated reservoir for transmission of health care-associated pathogens?
Am J Infect Control 2017 Mar;45(3):336-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.11.005.
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Keywords: Hospitals, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Clostridium difficile Infections, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety
Anderson DJ, Chen LF, Weber DJ
Enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile (the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room Disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study.
The researchers determined the effects of three enhanced strategies for terminal room disinfection (disinfection of a room between occupying patients) on acquisition and infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, C difficile, and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter. They found that the incidence of target organisms among exposed patients was significantly lower after adding UV (quaternary ammonium disinfectant and disinfecting ultraviolet [UV-C]) light to standard cleaning strategies.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Anderson DJ, Chen LF, Weber DJ .
Enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile (the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room Disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study.
Lancet 2017 Feb 25;389(10071):805-14. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31588-4.
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Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety
Bunnell KL, Zullo AR, Collins C
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in critically ill trauma and burn patients: a retrospective cohort study.
The authors sought to determine the incidence of MRSA pneumonia in early-onset and late-onset pneumonia and to identify risk factors for MRSA in the trauma-burn intensive care unit (ICU). They found that the 11.4% overall incidence of MRSA pneumonia in the studied trauma-burn cohort was similar to what has been reported in other trauma populations, although MRSA was equally likely to be identified in early- and late-onset pneumonia. They suggested that risk factors other than duration of hospitalization may be important considerations in the decision to initiate MRSA-active empiric therapy for pneumonia in the trauma-burn ICU.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Bunnell KL, Zullo AR, Collins C .
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in critically ill trauma and burn patients: a retrospective cohort study.
Surg Infect 2017 Feb/Mar;18(2):196-201. doi: 10.1089/sur.2016.115.
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Keywords: Critical Care, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Injuries and Wounds, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Albrecht JS, Croft L, Morgan DJ
Perceptions of gown and glove use to prevent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus transmission in nursing homes.
This qualitative study explored current use and perceptions of glove and gown use in nursing homes. Analysis of recordings of three focus group discussions revealed that direct care staff reported using gowns and gloves primarily as self-protection against contact with bodily fluids, not to prevent MRSA transmission. Glove use was described as common and more acceptable to staff and residents than gown use.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560; HS022135.
Citation: Albrecht JS, Croft L, Morgan DJ .
Perceptions of gown and glove use to prevent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus transmission in nursing homes.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017 Feb;18(2):158-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.08.016.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Long-Term Care, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Nursing Homes, Prevention, Patient Safety
Immergluck LC, Jain S, Ray SM
Risk of skin and soft tissue infections among children found to be staphylococcus aureus MRSA USA300 carriers.
The purpose of this study conducted in a pediatric emergency department was to examine community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) carriage and infections and determine risk factors associated specifically with MRSA USA300. It found that children younger than two years were at highest risk for MRSA USA300 carriage. Lower income, recent antibiotic use, and previous or family history of skin and soft tissue infections were risk factors for MRSA USA300 carriage.
AHRQ-funded; HS024338.
Citation: Immergluck LC, Jain S, Ray SM .
Risk of skin and soft tissue infections among children found to be staphylococcus aureus MRSA USA300 carriers.
West J Emerg Med 2017 Feb;18(2):201-12. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2016.10.30483.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Community-Acquired Infections, Emergency Department, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Pierce R, Lessler J, Popoola VO
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquisition risk in an endemic neonatal intensive care unit with an active surveillance culture and decolonization programme.
The researchers measured the association between colonization pressure from decolonized and non-decolonized neonates and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MRSA acquisition to inform use of this strategy for control of endemic MRSA. They concluded that untreated MRSA carriers were an important reservoir for transmission. Decolonized patients on contact isolation posed no detectable transmission threat, supporting the hypothesis that decolonization may reduce patient-to-patient transmission.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Pierce R, Lessler J, Popoola VO .
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquisition risk in an endemic neonatal intensive care unit with an active surveillance culture and decolonization programme.
J Hosp Infect 2017 Jan;95(1):91-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.10.022.
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Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Prevention, Newborns/Infants
Ericson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
This study compared demographics and mortality of inf ants with invasive methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA), to determine the annual proportion of S aureus infections that were MRSA. It found that infant mortality after invasive MRSA and MSSA infections was similar, but MSSA caused more infections and more deaths in infants than MRSA.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Ericson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB .
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Dec;169(12):1105-11. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2380..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mortality, Hospitalization, Risk
Peterson LR, Wright MO, Beaumont JL
Nonimpact of decolonization as an adjunctive measure to contact precautions for the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in acute care.
This was an observational study comparing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission with no decolonization of medical patients to required decolonization of all MRSA carriers during two consecutive periods: baseline with no decolonization of medical patients and universal MRSA carrier decolonization. The study concluded that decolonization of MRSA patients does not add benefit when contact precautions are used for patients colonized with MRSA in acute (hospital) care.
AHRQ-funded; HS019968.
Citation: Peterson LR, Wright MO, Beaumont JL .
Nonimpact of decolonization as an adjunctive measure to contact precautions for the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in acute care.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Oct 12;60(1):99-104. doi: 10.1128/aac.02046-15.
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Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Critical Care, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Elderly, Patient Safety
Morelli JJ, Hogan PG, Sullivan ML
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from humans, environmental surfaces, and companion animals in households of children with community-onset Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus infections.
The study objective was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from 110 households of children with community-onset methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. It found that the S. aureus isolates were heterogeneous, although more than half were methicillin resistant. The highest proportion of MRSA was found in bathrooms.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736.
Citation: Morelli JJ, Hogan PG, Sullivan ML .
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from humans, environmental surfaces, and companion animals in households of children with community-onset Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus infections.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Oct;59(10):6634-7. doi: 10.1128/aac.01492-15.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Children/Adolescents
Teshome BF, Lee GC, Reveles KR
Application of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus risk score for community-onset pneumonia patients and outcomes with initial treatment.
The study objective was to assess the effect of initial MRSA therapy on mortality in community–onset (CO) pneumonia patients that a new MRSA prediction score had classified into low, medium, and high-risk groups based on objective criteria available at baseline. The study demonstrated improved survival with initial MRSA therapy in the 2 percent of CO-pneumonia patients classified as high-risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Teshome BF, Lee GC, Reveles KR .
Application of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus risk score for community-onset pneumonia patients and outcomes with initial treatment.
BMC Infect Dis 2015 Sep 18;15:380. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1119-1..
Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Risk, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Hospitalization
Creech CB, Al-Zubeidi DN, Fritz SA
Prevention of recurrent staphylococcal skin infections.
Staphylococcus aureus infections pose a significant health burden. As S aureus colonization is associated with subsequent infection, decolonization is recommended for patients with recurrent skin and soft tissue infections or in settings of ongoing transmission. S aureus infections often cluster within households, and asymptomatic carriers serve as reservoirs for transmission; therefore, a household approach to decolonization is more effective than measures performed by individuals alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736.
Citation: Creech CB, Al-Zubeidi DN, Fritz SA .
Prevention of recurrent staphylococcal skin infections.
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2015 Sep;29(3):429-64. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2015.05.007.
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Keywords: Prevention, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Antimicrobial Stewardship, Patient Safety
Roghmann MC, Johnson JK, Sorkin JD
Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to healthcare worker gowns and gloves during care of nursing home residents.
This study estimated the frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission to gowns and gloves worn by healthcare workers (HCWs) interacting with nursing home residents to better inform infection prevention policies in this setting. It found that MRSA transmission from MRSA-positive residents to health care worker gown and gloves is substantial; high-contact activities of daily living confer the highest risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS019979.
Citation: Roghmann MC, Johnson JK, Sorkin JD .
Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to healthcare worker gowns and gloves during care of nursing home residents.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Sep;36(9):1050-7. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.119..
Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Patient Safety, Nursing Homes, Prevention
Pardos de la Gandara M, Raygoza Garay JA, Mwangi M
Molecular types of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strains causing skin and soft tissue infections and nasal colonization, identified in community health centers in New York City.
In November 2011, a research and learning collaborative project with six community health centers in the New York City metropolitan area was launched to determine the nature (clonal type) of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus strains causing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). It found that of 63 patients with S. aureus infections, 16 of the colonizing isolates were MRSA, and 14 were MSSA, and the majority of the colonizing isolates belonged to the USA300 clonal group.
AHRQ-funded; HS021667.
Citation: Pardos de la Gandara M, Raygoza Garay JA, Mwangi M .
Molecular types of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strains causing skin and soft tissue infections and nasal colonization, identified in community health centers in New York City.
J Clin Microbiol 2015 Aug;53(8):2648-58. doi: 10.1128/jcm.00591-15..
Keywords: Community-Acquired Infections, Community Partnerships, Community-Based Practice, Genetics, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Wardyn SE, Forshey BM, Farina SA
Swine farming is a risk factor for infection with and high prevalence of carriage of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
The researchers conducted a large-scale prospective study of 1,342 Iowans, including individuals with livestock contact and a community-based comparison group. They found that current swine workers are 6 times more likely to carry multidrug-resistant S. aureus than those without current swine exposure. Also, they observed active infections caused by livestock-associated S. aureus.
AHRQ-funded; HS019966.
Citation: Wardyn SE, Forshey BM, Farina SA .
Swine farming is a risk factor for infection with and high prevalence of carriage of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Jul 1;61(1):59-66. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ234..
Keywords: Risk, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Morgan DJ, Pineles L, Shardell M
Effect of chlorhexidine bathing and other infection control practices on the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown (BUGG) trial: a subgroup analysis.
The researchers report the results of a subgroup analysis of the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown trial. In 20 intensive care units, the reduction in acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus observed in this trial was observed in units also using chlorhexidine bathing and in those that previously performed active surveillance.
AHRQ-funded; HS018111; 290200600015.
Citation: Morgan DJ, Pineles L, Shardell M .
Effect of chlorhexidine bathing and other infection control practices on the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown (BUGG) trial: a subgroup analysis.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Jun;36(6):734-7. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.33..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Prevention, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
Finnell SM, Rosenman MB, Christenson JC
Decolonization of children after incision and drainage for MRSA abscess: a retrospective cohort study.
The researchers sought to determine whether decolonization following incision and drainage (I&D) for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) abscess decreases repeat I&D and MRSA-positive cultures in children. They found that no statistically significant association between referral to the Pediatric Infectious Disease Service for decolonization and the outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS020014.
Citation: Finnell SM, Rosenman MB, Christenson JC .
Decolonization of children after incision and drainage for MRSA abscess: a retrospective cohort study.
Clin Pediatr 2015 May;54(5):445-50. doi: 10.1177/0009922814556059..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Treatments
Patel PA, Robicsek A, Grayes A
Evaluation of multiple real-time PCR tests on nasal samples in a large MRSA surveillance program.
The researchers evaluated the LightCycler MRSA Advanced Test (Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Pleasanton, CA), the BD MAX MRSA assay (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ), and the Xpert MRSA assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) on nasal samples using the same population. Their results suggest that the performance of the three commercial assays is similar.
AHRQ-funded; HS019968.
Citation: Patel PA, Robicsek A, Grayes A .
Evaluation of multiple real-time PCR tests on nasal samples in a large MRSA surveillance program.
Am J Clin Pathol 2015 May;143(5):652-8. doi: 10.1309/ajcpmdy32ztdxpfc..
Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Genetics
Balachandra S, Pardos de la Gandara M, Salvato S
Recurrent furunculosis caused by a community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus strain belonging to the USA300 clone.
This study is a clinical history of a patient with recurrent skin infections caused by a strain of CA-MRSA belonging to the USA300 clone. The strain was recovered repeatedly from wounds and lower body sites but never from the nostrils. The clinical history of recurrence strongly suggests the existence of a common environmental source of the MRSA strain.
AHRQ-funded; HS021667.
Citation: Balachandra S, Pardos de la Gandara M, Salvato S .
Recurrent furunculosis caused by a community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus strain belonging to the USA300 clone.
Microb Drug Resist 2015 Apr;21(2):237-43. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0283..
Keywords: Skin Conditions, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Injuries and Wounds, Community-Acquired Infections
Banach DB, Bearman GM, Morgan DJ
Infection control precautions for visitors to healthcare facilities.
Infection transmission in healthcare facilities is a growing concern. Visitation to healthcare facilities is very common, though the potential role of visitors in the transmission of infection is unknown. Decisions regarding whether to implement transmission-based precautions among visitors should take into account the organism of concern and means of transmission as well as factors pertaining to the visitor and the healthcare setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS018111.
Citation: Banach DB, Bearman GM, Morgan DJ .
Infection control precautions for visitors to healthcare facilities.
Infection control precautions for visitors to healthcare facilities..
Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety
Lee CS, Montalmont B, O'Hara JA
Screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization using sponges.
The researchers investigated whether the additional use of a sponge to collect skin culture samples would significantly improve the sensitivity of MRSA detection. They found that the sensitivity of nasal swab culture for screening MRSA carriage is low, but it can be improved significantly by adding a second method, either sampling the skin or the pharynx.
AHRQ-funded; HS021521.
Citation: Lee CS, Montalmont B, O'Hara JA .
Screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization using sponges.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Jan;36(1):28-33. doi: 10.1017/ice.2014.4..
Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Quality of Care, Screening