National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
- Cancer: Colorectal Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (5)
- Care Management (1)
- Case Study (1)
- Community-Based Practice (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (2)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
- Kidney Disease and Health (2)
- (-) Medication (10)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (1)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (1)
- (-) Prevention (10)
- Provider (1)
- Provider: Pharmacist (1)
- Risk (1)
- Surgery (1)
- Transplantation (1)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (3)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedChou R, Dana T, Blazina I
Statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this report systematically reviewed benefits and harms of statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in order to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. It concluded that in adults at increased CVD risk but without prior CVD events, statin therapy was associated with reduced risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and CVD events, with greater absolute benefits in patients at greater baseline risk.
AHRQ-funded; 2902012000015I.
Citation: Chou R, Dana T, Blazina I .
Statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2016 Nov 15;316(19):2008-24. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.15629.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Prevention, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Evidence-Based Practice
McNellis RJ, Beswick-Escanlar V
AHRQ Author: McNellis RJ
Aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer.
This case study involves a a 55-year-old man who presents to your office for a routine refill of his antihypertension medication, his 65-year-old brother who also visits you to ask about taking low-dose aspirin, and his 55-year-old wife, also your patient, who recently experienced abdominal pain,. It poses three multiple choice questions focused on the use of low-dose aspirin, together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: McNellis RJ, Beswick-Escanlar V .
Aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2016 Oct 15;94(8):661-62.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Prevention, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Case Study
Gernant SA, Snyder ME, Jaynes H
The effectiveness of pharmacist-provided telephonic medication therapy management on emergency department utilization in home health patients.
This article's objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of a telephonic medication therapy management (MTM) service on reducing emergency department utilization within a Medicare-insured home health population. The authors found that this pharmacist-delivered telephonic medication therapy management program did not decrease emergency department utilization overall but may further reduce the such risk among patients who are at lower risk of utilization.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Gernant SA, Snyder ME, Jaynes H .
The effectiveness of pharmacist-provided telephonic medication therapy management on emergency department utilization in home health patients.
J Pharm Technol 2016 Oct 1;32(5):179-84. doi: 10.1177/8755122516660376.
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Keywords: Care Management, Emergency Department, Medication, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Provider: Pharmacist, Provider
Karmali KN, Lee JY, Brown T
Predictors of cholesterol treatment discussions and statin prescribing for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in community health centers.
The authors aimed to identify factors associated with a cholesterol treatment discussion and statin prescribing in a high-risk population. They found that single risk factor management strongly influences cholesterol treatment discussions and statin prescribing patterns, and they recommended interventions that promote risk-based statin use.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Karmali KN, Lee JY, Brown T .
Predictors of cholesterol treatment discussions and statin prescribing for primary cardiovascular disease prevention in community health centers.
Prev Med 2016 Jul;88:176-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.011.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Community-Based Practice, Medication, Prevention
Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Senger CA
Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
This is an update of a systematic review about the benefits of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in adults aged 40 years or older and to evaluate effect modification in subpopulations. It concluded that the beneficial effect of aspirin for the primary prevention of CVD is modest and also occurs at doses of 100 mg or less per day. Older adults seem to achieve a greater relative MI benefit.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015.
Citation: Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Senger CA .
Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Jun 21;164(12):804-13. doi: 10.7326/m15-2113.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Risk, Prevention
Wares JR, Lawson B, Shemin D
Evaluating infection prevention strategies in out-patient dialysis units using agent-based modeling.
The researchers hypothesized that targeting patients receiving antimicrobial treatment would more effectively reduce transmission and acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and further that environmental contamination plays a role in the dissemination of MDRO in the dialysis unit. They found that reducing antimicrobial treatment markedly reduces overall colonization rates and also the levels of environmental contamination in the dialysis unit. They suggested that improving the environmental decontamination efficacy between patient dialysis treatments as an effective method for reducing colonization and contamination rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS021666.
Citation: Wares JR, Lawson B, Shemin D .
Evaluating infection prevention strategies in out-patient dialysis units using agent-based modeling.
PLoS One 2016 May 19;11(5):e0153820. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153820.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Infectious Diseases
Santos CA, Brennan DC, Saeed MJ
Pharmacoepidemiology of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in a large retrospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients with Medicare Part D coverage.
The researchers sought to determine real-world use of cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis. They found that variability in usage of prophylaxis among transplant centers was greater than variability within transplant centers. They concluded that limiting unnecessary use of CMV prophylaxis may decrease healthcare costs and drug-related harms.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Santos CA, Brennan DC, Saeed MJ .
Pharmacoepidemiology of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in a large retrospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients with Medicare Part D coverage.
Clin Transplant 2016 Apr;30(4):435-44. doi: 10.1111/ctr.12706.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Kidney Disease and Health, Medication, Prevention, Transplantation
Chrischilles EA, Schneider KM, Schroeder MC
Association between preadmission functional status and use and effectiveness of secondary prevention medications in elderly survivors of acute myocardial infarction.
The researchers sought to determine whether function-related indicators, derived from preadmission claims data, help explain the frequent practice of forgoing secondary prevention medications observed in Medicare. They found that greater impairment in preadmission functional status, using a measure derived from claims data, was associated with less use of secondary prevention medications after acute myocardial infarction.
AHRQ-funded; HS018381; HS019440.
Citation: Chrischilles EA, Schneider KM, Schroeder MC .
Association between preadmission functional status and use and effectiveness of secondary prevention medications in elderly survivors of acute myocardial infarction.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2016 Mar;64(3):526-35. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13953.
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Keywords: Elderly, Prevention, Medication, Heart Disease and Health
Dauw CA, Yi Y, Bierlein MJ
Medication nonadherence and effectiveness of preventive pharmacological therapy for kidney stones.
To examine the impact that medication nonadherence has on the secondary prevention of kidney stones, the researchers compared clinical health outcomes between patients who adhered to their regimen and those who did not. They found that the frequency of emergency department visits, hospitalization and surgery for stone disease was significantly lower among adherent patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS020927.
Citation: Dauw CA, Yi Y, Bierlein MJ .
Medication nonadherence and effectiveness of preventive pharmacological therapy for kidney stones.
J Urol 2016 Mar;195(3):648-52. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.082.
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Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Kidney Disease and Health, Prevention
Patorno E, Wang SV, Schneeweiss S
Initiation patterns of statin therapy among adult patients undergoing intermediate to high-risk non-cardiac surgery.
The researchers examined patterns of perioperative statin initiation among adults undergoing non-cardiac elective surgery in the USA. They found that, despite the lack of robust evidence, perioperative statin initiation progressively increased from 2003 to 2012, particularly among patients undergoing major vascular surgery. They concluded that these trends were largely attributable to the initiation of statins in anticipation of non-cardiac surgery rather than routine dyslipidemia treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Patorno E, Wang SV, Schneeweiss S .
Initiation patterns of statin therapy among adult patients undergoing intermediate to high-risk non-cardiac surgery.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016 Jan;25(1):64-72. doi: 10.1002/pds.3892.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Prevention, Surgery