National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Alcohol Use (4)
- Behavioral Health (2)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (3)
- Case Study (1)
- Children/Adolescents (3)
- Chronic Conditions (2)
- Communication (1)
- Depression (1)
- Diabetes (8)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
- Disparities (1)
- Education: Patient and Caregiver (6)
- Elderly (1)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Family Health and History (3)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (2)
- Health Insurance (1)
- Health Promotion (3)
- Health Status (4)
- Heart Disease and Health (2)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (1)
- (-) Lifestyle Changes (31)
- Low-Income (1)
- Maternal Care (1)
- Medicaid (1)
- Medicare (1)
- Newborns/Infants (1)
- Nutrition (7)
- Obesity (9)
- Obesity: Weight Management (2)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (5)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (1)
- Patient Experience (1)
- Patient Self-Management (4)
- Pregnancy (2)
- Prevention (3)
- Quality Improvement (1)
- Quality of Life (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (6)
- Risk (5)
- Rural Health (1)
- Social Determinants of Health (4)
- Social Media (1)
- Stress (1)
- Substance Abuse (2)
- Telehealth (1)
- Tobacco Use (5)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (1)
- Women (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 31 Research Studies DisplayedCano MA, Vaughan EL, de Dios MA
Alcohol use severity among Hispanic emerging adults in higher education: Understanding the effect of cultural congruity.
This study examined associations of behavioral acculturation, behavioral enculturation, and cultural congruity (perception of cultural fit between the values of the academic environment and the student's personal values) with alcohol use severity (AUS); and tested if gender moderated those associations. It concluded that after controlling for demographic variables and depressive symptoms, behavioral acculturation and enculturation did not have a statistically significant association with AUS.
AHRQ-funded; HS017586.
Citation: Cano MA, Vaughan EL, de Dios MA .
Alcohol use severity among Hispanic emerging adults in higher education: Understanding the effect of cultural congruity.
Subst Use Misuse 2015;50(11):1412-20. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1018538.
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Keywords: Alcohol Use, Substance Abuse, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Lifestyle Changes
Pillay J, Armstrong MJ, Butalia S
Behavioral programs for type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to determine the effects of behavioral programs for patients with type 1 diabetes on behavioral, clinical, and health outcomes and to investigate factors that might moderate effect. It concluded that behavioral programs for type 1 diabetes offer some benefit for glycemic control, at least at short-term follow-up, but improvement for other outcomes has not been shown.
AHRQ-funded; 2902012000131.
Citation: Pillay J, Armstrong MJ, Butalia S .
Behavioral programs for type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Dec 1;163(11):836-47. doi: 10.7326/m15-1399..
Keywords: Diabetes, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Patient Self-Management, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Lifestyle Changes, Chronic Conditions
Pillay J, Armstrong MJ, Butalia S
Behavioral programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
The purpose of this review was to identify factors moderating the effectiveness of behavioral programs for adults with type 2 diabetes. It concluded that diabetes self-management education offering 10 or fewer hours of contact with delivery personnel provided little benefit. Behavioral programs seem to benefit persons with suboptimal or poor glycemic control more than those with good control.
AHRQ-funded; 2902012000131.
Citation: Pillay J, Armstrong MJ, Butalia S .
Behavioral programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Dec 1;163(11):848-60. doi: 10.7326/m15-1400..
Keywords: Diabetes, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Patient Self-Management, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Lifestyle Changes, Chronic Conditions
Whittle HJ, Palar K, Napoles T
Experiences with food insecurity and risky sex among low-income people living with HIV/AIDS in a resource-rich setting.
The researchers investigated the perceived effects of food insecurity on risky sexual behaviors among a population of low-income people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in San Francisco and Alameda County, California. Their study demonstrated that food insecurity contributes to transactional and unprotected sex among urban poor individuals in a resource-rich setting, including among men who have sex with men.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Whittle HJ, Palar K, Napoles T .
Experiences with food insecurity and risky sex among low-income people living with HIV/AIDS in a resource-rich setting.
J Int AIDS Soc 2015 Nov 4;18:20293. doi: 10.7448/ias.18.1.20293..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Nutrition, Lifestyle Changes, Low-Income, Social Determinants of Health
Sharifi M, Marshall G, Goldman RE
Engaging children in the development of obesity interventions: exploring outcomes that matter most among obesity positive outliers.
The researchers explored outcomes and measures of success that matter most to 'positive outlier' children who improved their body mass index (BMI) despite living in obesogenic neighborhoods. They found that children identified bullying and negative peer comparisons related to physical appearance, clothing size, and athletic ability as motivating them to achieve a healthier weight, and they measured success as improvement in these domains. Positive relationships with friends and family facilitated both behavior change initiation and maintenance.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Sharifi M, Marshall G, Goldman RE .
Engaging children in the development of obesity interventions: exploring outcomes that matter most among obesity positive outliers.
Patient Educ Couns 2015 Nov;98(11):1393-401. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.06.007.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Family Health and History, Lifestyle Changes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Thorpe RJ, Jr., Kennedy-Hendricks A, Griffith DM
Race, social and environmental conditions, and health behaviors in men.
The investigators examined the nature of disparities in health behaviors among African American and white men in the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities Study-Southwest Baltimore to data from the 2003 National Health Interview Survey. They found that race disparities in physical activity, drinking, and smoking were ameliorated where African American and white men were living under similar social, environmental, and socioeconomic status conditions, suggesting that social environment may be an important determinant of health behaviors among African American and white men.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Thorpe RJ, Jr., Kennedy-Hendricks A, Griffith DM .
Race, social and environmental conditions, and health behaviors in men.
Fam Community Health 2015 Oct-Dec;38(4):297-306. doi: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000078.
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Keywords: Disparities, Health Status, Lifestyle Changes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
McNellis R, Lewis P
AHRQ Author: McNellis R
Behavioral counseling to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors.
This case study quiz is based on the recommendations of the USPSTF. The case concerns a 34-year-old man who smokes. When he presents for his annual checkup for hypertension, his blood pressure is elevated (142/95 mm Hg), and he has gained 10 lb (4.5 kg) since his last visit.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: McNellis R, Lewis P .
Behavioral counseling to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Sep 15;92(6):509-10.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Case Study, Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition, Prevention, Risk, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Cochran G, Field C, Caetano R
Changes in classes of injury-related risks and consequences of risk-level drinking: a latent transition analysis.
The researchers conducted a secondary analysis of data from a brief alcohol intervention study. They concluded that although a large portion of intervention recipients improved risks and consequences of alcohol use following discharge, more intensive intervention services may be needed for a subset of patients who showed little or no improvement.
AHRQ-funded; HS021394.
Citation: Cochran G, Field C, Caetano R .
Changes in classes of injury-related risks and consequences of risk-level drinking: a latent transition analysis.
J Behav Health Serv Res 2015 Jul;42(3):355-66. doi: 10.1007/s11414-013-9378-3.
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Keywords: Alcohol Use, Injuries and Wounds, Lifestyle Changes, Risk, Substance Abuse
Tang JW, Foster KE, Pumarino J
Perspectives on prevention of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: a qualitative study of Hispanic, African-American and White women.
This qualitative study explored the perspectives of Hispanic, African-American, and White women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The goal is for this work to inform the development of effective approaches to engage diverse populations affected by GDM in taking steps to reduce their risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Tang JW, Foster KE, Pumarino J .
Perspectives on prevention of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: a qualitative study of Hispanic, African-American and White women.
Matern Child Health J 2015 Jul;19(7):1526-34. doi: 10.1007/s10995-014-1657-y..
Keywords: Diabetes, Lifestyle Changes, Pregnancy, Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Women
Lewis ZH, Lyons EJ, Jarvis JM
Using an electronic activity monitor system as an intervention modality: a systematic review.
The authors aimed to synthesize the efficacy and feasibility results of electronic activity monitor systems (EAMSs) within published physical activity interventions. They found preliminary evidence suggesting that EAMS can increase physical activity and decrease weight significantly, but their efficacy compared to other interventions has not yet been demonstrated.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Lewis ZH, Lyons EJ, Jarvis JM .
Using an electronic activity monitor system as an intervention modality: a systematic review.
BMC Public Health 2015 Jun 24;15:585. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1947-3.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Health Promotion, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity
Azar KM, Chung S, Wang EJ
Impact of education on weight in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: every little bit helps.
The researchers sought to evaluate the benefit of participation in more limited counseling and/or education among individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in more modest real-world clinical settings. The average weight loss of patients who received counseling/education alone during the follow-up period (up to three years post-exposure to participation) was 6.3 lbs., and, if received with medication prescription, 8.1 lbs. The weight loss associated with medication was only 3.5 lbs.
AHRQ-funded; HS019815.
Citation: Azar KM, Chung S, Wang EJ .
Impact of education on weight in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: every little bit helps.
PLoS One 2015 Jun 8;10(6):e0129348. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129348..
Keywords: Diabetes, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management
Macapagal K, Greene GJ, Rivera Z
"The best is always yet to come": relationship stages and processes among young LGBT couples.
This study sought to determine the stages and processes during young LGBT couples’ relationship development. Its qualitative analyses showed that relationship stages and processes were similar to past research on heterosexuals, but participants’ subjective experiences reflected their LGBT identities and emerging adulthood, which exerted additional stress on the relationship.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Macapagal K, Greene GJ, Rivera Z .
"The best is always yet to come": relationship stages and processes among young LGBT couples.
J Fam Psychol 2015 Jun;29(3):309-20. doi: 10.1037/fam0000094..
Keywords: Lifestyle Changes, Quality of Life, Stress
Aschbrenner KA, Brunette MF, McElvery R
Cigarette smoking and interest in quitting among overweight and obese adults with serious mental illness enrolled in a fitness intervention.
The authors explored cigarette smoking, health status, and interest in quitting among overweight and obese adults with serious mental illness enrolled in a fitness intervention. Using the In SHAPE fitness intervention data, the researchers found that 84% of smokers were interested in quitting. Smokers in the intervention had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and were less ready to reduce dietary fat.
AHRQ-funded; HS021695.
Citation: Aschbrenner KA, Brunette MF, McElvery R .
Cigarette smoking and interest in quitting among overweight and obese adults with serious mental illness enrolled in a fitness intervention.
J Nerv Ment Dis 2015 Jun;203(6):473-6. doi: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000309.
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Keywords: Health Status, Lifestyle Changes, Behavioral Health, Obesity, Tobacco Use
Witt WP, Mandell KC, Wisk LE
Predictors of alcohol and tobacco use prior to and during pregnancy in the US: the role of maternal stressors.
The purpose of the study was to understand the association between stressful life events prior to conception (PSLEs) and women’s alcohol and tobacco use prior to and during pregnancy, and the continuation of such use through pregnancy. It finds that PSLEs are associated with increased tobacco use prior to and during pregnancy, as well as an increased amount of alcohol use during pregnancy among U.S. women.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063; HS000083.
Citation: Witt WP, Mandell KC, Wisk LE .
Predictors of alcohol and tobacco use prior to and during pregnancy in the US: the role of maternal stressors.
Arch Womens Ment Health 2015 Jun;18(3):523-37. doi: 10.1007/s00737-014-047-9.
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Keywords: Pregnancy, Lifestyle Changes, Alcohol Use, Tobacco Use, Maternal Care
Chen R, Smyser M, Chan N
Changes in awareness and use of calorie information after mandatory menu labeling in restaurants in King County, Washington.
This study reports on countywide and subpopulation changes in menu-labeling awareness (i.e., seeing calorie information) and use (i.e., using calorie information) before and after policy implementation. It found that awareness and use of calorie information among residents who ate at regulated chains increased significantly and across all demographic subgroups.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Chen R, Smyser M, Chan N .
Changes in awareness and use of calorie information after mandatory menu labeling in restaurants in King County, Washington.
Am J Public Health 2015 Mar;105(3):546-53. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302262..
Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Nutrition, Obesity, Lifestyle Changes
Chen R, Smyser M, Chan N
Changes in awareness and use of calorie information after mandatory menu labeling in restaurants in King County, Washington.
This study reports on countywide and subpopulation changes in menu-labeling awareness (i.e., seeing calorie information) and use (i.e., using calorie information) before and after policy implementation. It found that awareness and use of calorie information among residents who ate at regulated chains increased significantly and across all demographic subgroups.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Chen R, Smyser M, Chan N .
Changes in awareness and use of calorie information after mandatory menu labeling in restaurants in King County, Washington.
Am J Public Health 2015 Mar;105(3):546-53. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302262..
Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Nutrition, Obesity, Lifestyle Changes
Wright KD, Pepper GA, Caserta M
Factors that influence physical function and emotional well-being among Medicare-Medicaid enrollees.
The researchers examined the associations between race, gender, age, neighborhood poverty, education, and health behaviors (i.e., smoking, exercise, and physical activity) with physical function and emotional well-being in Medicare-Medicaid enrollees. They determined that race, neighborhood poverty, education, and income did not influence physical function or emotional well-being; however, physical activity was associated both with an increased self-report of physical function and emotional well-being.
AHRQ-funded; HS014539.
Citation: Wright KD, Pepper GA, Caserta M .
Factors that influence physical function and emotional well-being among Medicare-Medicaid enrollees.
Geriatr Nurs 2015 Mar-Apr;36(2 Suppl):S16-20. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2015.02.022..
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Medicare, Medicaid, Lifestyle Changes, Health Status
Hosomura N, Goldberg SI, Shubina M
Electronic documentation of lifestyle counseling and glycemic control in patients with diabetes.
The aim of this study was to establish quantitative characteristics of documentation of lifestyle counseling that are associated with improved glycemic control in patients with diabetes, using a previously validated natural language processing system that enables abstraction of lifestyle counseling documentation from narrative electronic provider notes. It identified novel quantitative characteristics of electronic documentation of lifestyle counseling that are associated with improved glycemic control in patients with diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS017030.
Citation: Hosomura N, Goldberg SI, Shubina M .
Electronic documentation of lifestyle counseling and glycemic control in patients with diabetes.
Diabetes Care 2015 Jul;38(7):1326-32. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2016..
Keywords: Diabetes, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Lifestyle Changes
Lyons EJ
Cultivating engagement and enjoyment in exergames using feedback, challenge, and rewards.
The author reviewed theoretical and empirical evidence related to three mechanisms for encouraging enjoyment during exergame play. Lyons found that feedback, challenge, and rewards are promising mechanisms by which exergames could become more enjoyable and concluded that how these concepts are operationalized can affect physical and psychological reactions to exergames.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Lyons EJ .
Cultivating engagement and enjoyment in exergames using feedback, challenge, and rewards.
Games Health J 2015 Feb;4(1):12-8. doi: 10.1089/g4h.2014.0072.
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Keywords: Health Promotion, Health Status, Lifestyle Changes, Patient Experience, Patient Experience
McVay MA, King HA, Jeffreys AS
Mechanisms of patient health behavior change in a randomized controlled trial of a spouse-assisted intervention.
The authors evaluated mediators of dietary and physical activity outcomes during a spouse-assisted intervention to improve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. They found that intervention-induced changes in spousal support and dietary self-efficacy did not translate into behavior change.
AHRQ-funded; HS000079.
Citation: McVay MA, King HA, Jeffreys AS .
Mechanisms of patient health behavior change in a randomized controlled trial of a spouse-assisted intervention.
Psychol Health Med 2015;20(7):753-66. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2015.1020817.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Family Health and History, Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition
Chavez LJ, Ornelas IJ, Lyles CR
Racial/ethnic workplace discrimination: association with tobacco and alcohol use.
The authors examined the association between workplace discrimination and tobacco and alcohol use in a large, multistate sample of U.S. adult respondents to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey Reactions to Race Module (2004-2010). They found that, among Hispanics, workplace discrimination was associated with increased heavy and binge drinking, but not any alcohol use or smoking. Workplace discrimination among black non-Hispanics and white Non-Hispanics was associated with increased current and daily smoking, but not alcohol outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853; HS022408; HS022800.
Citation: Chavez LJ, Ornelas IJ, Lyles CR .
Racial/ethnic workplace discrimination: association with tobacco and alcohol use.
Am J Prev Med 2015 Jan;48(1):42-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.013.
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Keywords: Alcohol Use, Lifestyle Changes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Tobacco Use
King HA, Jeffreys AS, McVay MA
Spouse health behavior outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of a spouse-assisted lifestyle change intervention to improve patient low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
The authors evaluated spouse health behavior outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of a spouse-assisted lifestyle intervention to reduce patient low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and improve patient health behaviors. Participants were 251 spouses of patients from the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center. At 11 months, there were no differences in spouse outcomes between intervention and usual care groups for moderate intensity physical activity or dietary intake. To improve spouse outcomes, the authors recommended couple interventions to include spouse behavior change goals and reciprocal support between patients and spouses.
AHRQ-funded; HS000079.
Citation: King HA, Jeffreys AS, McVay MA .
Spouse health behavior outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of a spouse-assisted lifestyle change intervention to improve patient low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
J Behav Med 2014 Dec;37(6):1102-7. doi: 10.1007/s10865-014-9559-4.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Family Health and History, Lifestyle Changes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Shaikh U, Nettiksimmons J, Joseph JG
Collaborative practice improvement for childhood obesity in rural clinics: the Healthy Eating Active Living Telehealth Community of Practice (HEALTH COP).
The authors assessed the impact of participation in a virtual quality improvement (QI) learning network on adherence to clinical guidelines for childhood obesity prevention in rural clinics. They found that children who received care from clinicians who led the implementation of the intervention at their clinic showed significant improvements in nutrition and physical activity. Virtual QI learning networks in geographically dispersed clinics can significantly increase clinicians' adherence to guidelines for childhood obesity and improve access to recommended care for rural and underserved children.
AHRQ-funded; HS018567.
Citation: Shaikh U, Nettiksimmons J, Joseph JG .
Collaborative practice improvement for childhood obesity in rural clinics: the Healthy Eating Active Living Telehealth Community of Practice (HEALTH COP).
Am J Med Qual 2014 Nov-Dec;29(6):467-75. doi: 10.1177/1062860613506252.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Information Technology (HIT), Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition, Obesity, Prevention, Quality Improvement, Rural Health, Telehealth
Patel M, Phillips-Caesar E, Boutin-Foster C
Attitudes and beliefs regarding cardiovascular risk factors among Bangladeshi immigrants in the US.
The researchers conducted a qualitative study using individual in-depth interviews to explore attitudes towards and difficulties with modifying cardiovascular disease related behaviors among a Bangladeshi cohort. Bangladeshi individuals in this study cited a combination of internal and external factors as barriers to lifestyle modification. The authors recommended interventions to address these barriers that simultaneously address self-efficacy and work-life balance.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Patel M, Phillips-Caesar E, Boutin-Foster C .
Attitudes and beliefs regarding cardiovascular risk factors among Bangladeshi immigrants in the US.
J Immigr Minor Health 2014 Oct;16(5):994-1000. doi: 10.1007/s10903-013-9868-7.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Lifestyle Changes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk
Richards MR, Marti J
Heterogeneity in the smoking response to health shocks by out-of-pocket spending risk.
Using longitudinal data from 11 European countries, the researchers investigated the impact of a new cardiovascular (CV) health shock on smoking decisions among older adults and examine whether personal exposure to medical spending risk influences the smoking response. They found that CV shocks impact the propensity to smoke, with relatively more impact among individuals with high financial risk exposure to medical spending.
AHRQ-funded; HS017589.
Citation: Richards MR, Marti J .
Heterogeneity in the smoking response to health shocks by out-of-pocket spending risk.
Health Econ Policy Law 2014 Oct;9(4):343-57. doi: 10.1017/s1744133114000152..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Tobacco Use, Lifestyle Changes, Health Insurance, Social Determinants of Health