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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 3 of 3 Research Studies DisplayedRuderman SA, Odden MC, Webel AR
Tobacco smoking and pack-years are associated with frailty among people with HIV.
This study examines the association of frailty with tobacco smoking and pack-years among people with HIV (PWH). The authors identified 8,608 PWH across 6 Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) sites who completed ≥2 patient-reported outcome assessments, including a frailty phenotype measuring unintentional weight loss, poor mobility, fatigue, and inactivity, scored 0-4. The authors measured smoking as baseline pack-years and time-updated never, former, or current use with cigarettes/day. They used Cox models to associate smoking with risk of incident frailty (score ≥3) and deterioration (frailty score increase by ≥2 points), adjusted for demographics, antiretroviral medication, and time-updated CD4 count. Mean follow-up period of PWH was 5.3 years, the mean age at baseline was 45 years, 15% were female, and 52% were non-White. At baseline, 60% reported current or former smoking and both were associated with higher incident frailty risk, as was higher pack-years. Current smoking (among younger PWH) and pack-years were associated with higher risk of deterioration, but not former smoking.
AHRQ-funded; HS026154.
Citation: Ruderman SA, Odden MC, Webel AR .
Tobacco smoking and pack-years are associated with frailty among people with HIV.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023 Oct 1; 94(2):135-42. doi: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003242..
Keywords: Tobacco Use, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Chronic Conditions, Health Status
Cheng TL, Mistry KB
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB
Clarity on disparity: who, what, when, where, why, and how.
This purpose of this article was to explain a comprehensive framework of health disparities descriptors that can offer a systematic approach to advance the understanding of causes of health disparities and facilitate action steps to ensure health equity.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Cheng TL, Mistry KB .
Clarity on disparity: who, what, when, where, why, and how.
Pediatr Clin North Am 2023 Aug; 70(4):639-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.03.003..
Keywords: Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, Newborns/Infants, Mortality, Health Status, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Access to Care
Diaz C, Ortiz V, Sanchez L
Harmful by design-a qualitative study of the health impacts of immigration detention.
This study examined how the US immigration detention system impacts health from the perspective of people who were recently detained by Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE). This qualitative study used anonymous, semi-structured phone interviews in English and Spanish with adults who had been detained at least 30 days in the New York City metropolitan area within the previous 2 years. They interviewed 16 participants of whom 13 identified as male; five as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer; and four as Black; coming from nine different countries. Participants had spent a median of 20 years in the US, and had spent a median of 11 months in immigration detention. Four themes emerged from the author’s analysis: (1) poor conditions and inhumane treatment, (2) a pervasive sense of injustice, (3) structural barriers limiting access to care, and (4) negative health impacts of immigration detention.
AHRQ-funded; HS026396.
Citation: Diaz C, Ortiz V, Sanchez L .
Harmful by design-a qualitative study of the health impacts of immigration detention.
J Gen Intern Med 2023 Jul; 38(9):2030-37. doi: 10.1007/s11606-022-07914-6..
Keywords: Vulnerable Populations, Health Status