National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
76 to 83 of 83 Research Studies DisplayedShrestha S, Foxman B, Berus J
AHRQ Author: Steiner C
The role of influenza in the epidemiology of pneumonia.
The researchers used longitudinal influenza and pneumonia incidence data, at different spatial resolutions and across different epidemiological periods, to infer the nature, timing and the intensity of influenza-pneumonia interaction. They concluded that influenza infection substantially enhances the risk of pneumonia, though only for a short period.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Shrestha S, Foxman B, Berus J .
The role of influenza in the epidemiology of pneumonia.
Sci Rep 2015 Oct 21;5:15314. doi: 10.1038/srep15314.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Influenza, Pneumonia
Kelly MS, Smieja M, Luinstra K
Association of respiratory viruses with outcomes of severe childhood pneumonia in Botswana.
The authors examined whether detection of respiratory viruses predicts acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. They found that respiratory viruses were detected from most children hospitalized with ALRI in Botswana, but only respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus were more frequent than among children without ALRI. Further, detection of RSV from children with ALRI predicted a protracted illness course but lower mortality compared with non-RSV viruses.
AHRQ-funded; HS020939.
Citation: Kelly MS, Smieja M, Luinstra K .
Association of respiratory viruses with outcomes of severe childhood pneumonia in Botswana.
PLoS One 2015 May 14;10(5):e0126593. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126593.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions
Sjoding MW, Iwashyna TJ, Dimick JB
Gaming hospital-level pneumonia 30-day mortality and readmission measures by legitimate changes to diagnostic coding.
The researchers sought to determine the degree to which hospitals can game mortality or readmission measures and change their rankings by recoding patients with pneumonia. They concluded that hospitals can improve apparent pneumonia mortality and readmission rates by recoding pneumonia patients. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should consider changes to their methods used to calculate hospital-level pneumonia outcome measures.
AHRQ-funded; HS020672.
Citation: Sjoding MW, Iwashyna TJ, Dimick JB .
Gaming hospital-level pneumonia 30-day mortality and readmission measures by legitimate changes to diagnostic coding.
Crit Care Med 2015 May;43(5):989-95. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000862..
Keywords: Elderly, Hospital Readmissions, Medicare, Mortality, Pneumonia, Quality Indicators (QIs)
Linder JA
Sore throat: avoid overcomplicating the uncomplicated.
In this editorial, the author described issues involving sore throat diagnosis and delineated various points concerning an article within the same journal issue, concluding that physicians should remember that the prevalence of group A streptococcus in adults with a sore throat is approximately 10%; and that they should use the Centor scoring criteria; selectively use rapid antigen-detection testing; limit antibiotic treatment to patients most likely to have group A streptococcus; and most of the time when prescribing antibiotics, use penicillin.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Linder JA .
Sore throat: avoid overcomplicating the uncomplicated.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Feb 17;162(4):311-2. doi: 10.7326/m14-2899.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Practice Patterns
Pitts SI, Apostolou A, DasGupta S
Serotype 10A in case patients with invasive pneumococcal disease: a pilot study of PCR-based serotyping in New Jersey.
This study used the existing infrastructure for surveillance of invasive S. pneumoniae in New Jersey to conduct state-based serotype surveillance using nucleic acid amplification. It revealed that an unusual serotype, 10A, represented 25% of invasive pneumococcal disease cases in New Jersey during the study period.
AHRQ-funded; HS019488.
Citation: Pitts SI, Apostolou A, DasGupta S .
Serotype 10A in case patients with invasive pneumococcal disease: a pilot study of PCR-based serotyping in New Jersey.
Public Health Rep 2015 Jan-Feb;130(1):54-9..
Keywords: Pneumonia, Public Health
Ali KJ, Farley DO, Speck K
Measurement of implementation components and contextual factors in a two-state healthcare quality initiative to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia.
The authors sought to develop and field test an implementation assessment tool for assessing progress of hospital units in implementing improvements for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a two-state collaborative. They found that a relatively small number of barriers were found to have important negative effects on implementation progress, including barriers related to workload and time issues. They modified coaching provided to the unit teams to reinforce training in weak spots that the interviews identified.
AHRQ-funded; 290201000027I.
Citation: Ali KJ, Farley DO, Speck K .
Measurement of implementation components and contextual factors in a two-state healthcare quality initiative to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014 Oct;35 Suppl 3:S116-23. doi: 10.1086/677832.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Pneumonia, Prevention, Quality Improvement
Rothberg MB, Haessler S, Lagu T
Outcomes of patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia: worse disease or sicker patients?
The researchers sought to determine the contribution of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) criteria to case-fatality rate. They found that, after adjustment for differences in patient characteristics, HCAP was associated with greater case-fatality rate than community-acquired pneumonia, possibly due to HCAP organisms or to HCAP criteria themselves.
AHRQ-funded; HS018723.
Citation: Rothberg MB, Haessler S, Lagu T .
Outcomes of patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia: worse disease or sicker patients?
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014 Oct;35 Suppl 3:S107-15. doi: 10.1086/677829.
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Keywords: Community-Acquired Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Pneumonia
Shrestha S, Foxman B, Weinberger DM
AHRQ Author: Steiner C
Identifying the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia using incidence data.
The authors integrated weekly incidence reports and a mechanistic transmission model within a likelihood-based inference framework to characterize the nature, timing, and magnitude of the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. They found support for a strong but short-lived interaction, with influenza infection increasing susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia ~100-fold. They inferred modest population-level impacts arising from strong processes at the level of an individual.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Shrestha S, Foxman B, Weinberger DM .
Identifying the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia using incidence data.
Sci Transl Med 2013 Jun 26;5(191):191ra84. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005982.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Influenza, Pneumonia