National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
51 to 75 of 105 Research Studies DisplayedIbrahim N, Alameddine M, Brennan J
New onset alcohol use disorder following bariatric surgery.
Researchers sought to characterize the patients and incidence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). They found that the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in patients undergoing SG and RYGB was similar pre- and postoperatively, with the majority of patients developing AUD following their second postoperative year. The authors recommended understanding the timing and incidence of AUD in order to provide appropriate counseling and treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS023621; HS024403.
Citation: Ibrahim N, Alameddine M, Brennan J .
New onset alcohol use disorder following bariatric surgery.
Surg Endosc 2019 Aug;33(8):2521-30. doi: 10.1007/s00464-018-6545-x..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Behavioral Health, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Substance Abuse, Surgery
Mabry-Hernandez I, Ojeda LC
AHRQ Author: Mabry-Hernandez I
Behavioral weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults.
This Putting Prevention Into Practice (PPIP) case-study quiz illustrates the recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force on Behavioral Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults. Three questions were created about a 32-year old women presents with normal blood glucose levels, but has a BMI of 34. The answers are given below the quiz which illustrate the recommendations that were given.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, Ojeda LC .
Behavioral weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults.
Am Fam Physician 2019 Apr 15;99(8):515-16..
Keywords: Case Study, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Baskind MJ, Taveras EM, Gerber MW
Parent-perceived stress and its association with children's weight and obesity-related behaviors.
Psychosocial stress is associated with obesity in adult and pediatric populations, but few studies have examined the relationship between parent-perceived stress and risk of child obesity and related behaviors. In this study, the investigators studied 689 pairs of parents and children aged 2 to 12 in Massachusetts with a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 85th percentile. The investigators found that among children with overweight or obesity, parent-perceived stress was associated with fast-food consumption and physical activity.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332; HS022986.
Citation: Baskind MJ, Taveras EM, Gerber MW .
Parent-perceived stress and its association with children's weight and obesity-related behaviors.
Prev Chronic Dis 2019 Mar 28;16:E39. doi: 10.5888/pcd16.180368..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Family Health and History, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Risk, Stress
Dolan P, Afaneh C, Symer M
Assessment of public attitudes toward weight loss surgery in the United States.
The authors designed a national cross-sectional survey to assess attitudes toward weight loss surgery in the US general population. Their survey results suggested that a large percentage of the population has negative attitudes toward weight loss surgery, including men and non-Hispanic black respondents, who were more likely to think that people who chose weight loss surgery were taking the easy way out. The authors recommended further research with respect to normalizing weight loss surgery as a reasonable option for managing obesity.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Dolan P, Afaneh C, Symer M .
Assessment of public attitudes toward weight loss surgery in the United States.
JAMA Surg 2019 Mar;154(3):264-66. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2018.4650..
Keywords: Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Surgery, Social Stigma
Whooten R, Kerem L, Stanley T
Physical activity in adolescents and children and relationship to metabolic health.
The purpose of this review was to summarize recent developments relating to the role of physical activity in insulin resistance and increased metabolic health in children and adolescents. Recent findings confirm the role of physical activity in decreasing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, but the authors note that the current literature is limited by unstandardized research methods and definitions. Future research that addresses these issues in order to offer targeted physical activity interventions is recommended.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Whooten R, Kerem L, Stanley T .
Physical activity in adolescents and children and relationship to metabolic health.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2019 Feb;26(1):25-31. doi: 10.1097/med.0000000000000455..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diabetes, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management
Bramante CT, Thornton RLJ, Bennett WL
Systematic review of natural experiments for childhood obesity prevention and control.
This article reviews the effectiveness of population-level policies and programs from natural experiments for childhood obesity prevention. A search of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EconLit from 2000 to 2017 sought studies about policies evaluated by natural experiments reporting childhood BMI outcomes. Interventions were classified by environmental focus and stratified by setting; risk of bias was evaluated for each study. Most of the studies evaluated took place in a school setting. The most common environmental focus in any setting was food/beverage. All four of the studies that focused on food/beverage and physical activity in schools showed decreased prevalence of overweight/obesity in the subjects. BMI decreased in all four studies in both school and community settings. The authors note that while school-based policies focusing on both food/beverage and physical activity environments showed consistent improvement in BMI, most of these studies had high risk of bias. Improved methods for the evaluation of natural experiments for childhood obesity prevention are needed.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200007I.
Citation: Bramante CT, Thornton RLJ, Bennett WL .
Systematic review of natural experiments for childhood obesity prevention and control.
Am J Prev Med 2019 Jan;56(1):147-58. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.08.023..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Evidence-Based Practice, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Prevention
Danilack VA, Brousseau EC, Phipps MG
The effect of gestational weight gain on persistent increase in body mass index in adolescents: a longitudinal study.
Weight retention after pregnancy is a concern for adolescents who may be entering adulthood at unhealthy weights. In this article, the investigators studied associations between each of three measures: pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and post-pregnancy BMI in a longitudinal follow-up of an adolescent pregnancy study cohort. They concluded that teens experienced an increase in BMI from pre-pregnancy to within 4 years after their first delivery, and this increase was related to GWG.
AHRQ-funded; HS025013.
Citation: Danilack VA, Brousseau EC, Phipps MG .
The effect of gestational weight gain on persistent increase in body mass index in adolescents: a longitudinal study.
J Womens Health 2018 Dec;27(12):1456-58. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6635..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Pregnancy, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Women
Kelsall AC, Cassidy R, Ghaferi AA
Variation in bariatric surgery episode costs in the commercially insured: implications for bundled payments in the private sector.
The authors described hospital-level variation in roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in Michigan. Their findings suggested that there are previously underappreciated differences in episode payment variation between bariatric surgery procedures. The authors also suggested that sleeve gastrectomy may be more amenable to cost containment under bundled payment initiatives by virtue of the greater share of variation explained by readmission and post-discharge payments.
AHRQ-funded; HS023621; HS024403.
Citation: Kelsall AC, Cassidy R, Ghaferi AA .
Variation in bariatric surgery episode costs in the commercially insured: implications for bundled payments in the private sector.
Ann Surg 2018 Dec;268(6):1014-18. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002462..
Keywords: Surgery, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Payment, Health Insurance, Healthcare Costs
Fiechtner L, Fonte ML, Castro I
Determinants of binge eating symptoms in children with overweight/obesity.
In this study, the investigators examined the prevalence and multilevel determinants of three binge eating symptoms: (1) sneaking, hiding, or hoarding food; (2) eating in the absence of hunger, and (3) inhibition or embarrassment when eating in front of others among 817 children aged 5-12 years old with overweight/obesity receiving primary care in eastern Massachusetts. They examined the associations of child and parent/household characteristics with the prevalence ratios (PRs) of these three binge eating symptoms.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332; HS022986.
Citation: Fiechtner L, Fonte ML, Castro I .
Determinants of binge eating symptoms in children with overweight/obesity.
Child Obes 2018 Nov/Dec;14(8):510-17. doi: 10.1089/chi.2017.0311..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Nutrition, Family Health and History, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Sterling MR, Silva AF, Robbins L
Let's talk numbers: a qualitative study of community-dwelling US adults to understand the role of numeracy in the management of heart failure.
This qualitative study examined the role of numeracy (basic number skills) in the management of patients with heart failure (HF). Thirty men and women aged 47-89 years with a history of HF were recruited from an urban academic primary care practice. Participants all had a history of HF within the past year, were seen at the practice within the last year, and had been hospitalized for HF within the last 6 months. They were interviewed about their numeracy to help manage monitoring weight, maintaining a low-salt diet, and monitoring blood pressure. A wide range of knowledge and understanding was found and fear served as a barrier and facilitator to carrying out HF self-care tasks involving numbers. If the patient has a caregiver who also lacks those skills or does not have HF care training, patients may not be managing their HF as well as they should.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Sterling MR, Silva AF, Robbins L .
Let's talk numbers: a qualitative study of community-dwelling US adults to understand the role of numeracy in the management of heart failure.
BMJ Open 2018 Sep 19;8(9):e023073. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023073..
Keywords: Patient Self-Management, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Care Management, Heart Disease and Health, Nutrition, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Conditions
Kline CE, Burke LE, Sereika SM
Bidirectional relationships between weight change and sleep apnea in a behavioral weight loss intervention.
This study examined the relationship between weight change and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the context of behavioral weight loss intervention. A total of 114 adults who were overweight or obese participated in a 12-month behavioral weight loss intervention program from April 2012 to February 2015. Over half (58%) had OSA at the baseline. Those with OSA were found to lose less weight and were less adherent to daily calorie and activity goals. The results suggest that OSA screening should be used before attempting weight loss and also may indicate additional behavioral counseling.
AHRQ-funded; HS022989.
Citation: Kline CE, Burke LE, Sereika SM .
Bidirectional relationships between weight change and sleep apnea in a behavioral weight loss intervention.
Mayo Clin Proc 2018 Sep;93(9):1290-98. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.04.026..
Keywords: Sleep Problems, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Lifestyle Changes, Respiratory Conditions
Pellegrini CA, Chang RW, Dunlop DD
Comparison of a Patient-Centered Weight Loss Program starting before versus after knee replacement: a pilot study.
This article reports the results of a randomized pilot study that assessed changes in weight during a Patient Centered Weight Loss Program (PACE) initiated either before or after knee replacement. The feasibility of recruiting and retaining participants over 26 weeks was also examined. Recruitment outreach was extended to patients scheduled for knee replacement. Sixteen participants were randomly assigned to a 14-session weight loss program that started either at least 6 weeks before surgery or at 12 weeks following surgery. The authors conclude that behavioral intervention is challenging but feasible in a knee replacement population. Preliminary evidence suggests that initiating a program 12 weeks after surgery produces greater weight losses at 26 weeks when compared to a program that begins before knee replacement.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Pellegrini CA, Chang RW, Dunlop DD .
Comparison of a Patient-Centered Weight Loss Program starting before versus after knee replacement: a pilot study.
Obes Res Clin Pract 2018 Sep - Oct;12(5):472-78. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.06.009..
Keywords: Orthopedics, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Obesity: Weight Management, Surgery, Obesity, Outcomes
Sorkin DH, Rook KS, Campos B
AHRQ Author: Ngo-Metzger Q
Rationale and study protocol for Unidas por la Vida (United for Life): a dyadic weight-loss intervention for high-risk Latina mothers and their adult daughters.
The intervention aims to improve health behaviors and promote weight loss in two at-risk members of the same family: mothers with type 2 diabetes and their overweight/obese adult daughters who are at risk for developing diabetes. Both the dyadic and individual lifestyle interventions are expected to produce greater weight loss at 6, 12, and 18 months than those in minimal intervention control group.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Sorkin DH, Rook KS, Campos B .
Rationale and study protocol for Unidas por la Vida (United for Life): a dyadic weight-loss intervention for high-risk Latina mothers and their adult daughters.
Contemp Clin Trials 2018 Jun;69:10-20. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.03.013.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Lifestyle Changes, Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Obesity: Weight Management
Fiechtner L, Perkins M, Biggs V
Rationale and design of the Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight Randomized Trial.
Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of family-centered, pediatric weight management programs in reducing childhood obesity. Yet, programs to optimize the care of low-income children with obesity are needed. The investigators sought to examine the comparative effectiveness of two, potentially scalable pediatric weight management programs delivered to low-income children in a clinical or community setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332; HS022986.
Citation: Fiechtner L, Perkins M, Biggs V .
Rationale and design of the Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight Randomized Trial.
Contemp Clin Trials 2018 Apr;67:16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.01.002..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations, Nutrition, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Family Health and History, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness
Knierim SD, Newcomer S, Castillo A
Latino parents' perceptions of pediatric weight counseling terms.
This study analyzed what would the least offensive terms to use with Latino parents when clinicians talk to them about their childrens’ weight, particularly for counseling obese youth. Latino parents across demographic groups were surveyed in English or Spanish and rated the most and least offensive terms to describe excess weight using a 5-point scale. The least offensive term was “demasiado peso para su salud”, or “too much weight for his/her health” in English. The most offensive was “gordo” or “muy gordo” meaning chubby or fat. Terminology makes a difference in how the parents will respond to weight counseling and follow-up.
AHRQ-funded; HS022143.
Citation: Knierim SD, Newcomer S, Castillo A .
Latino parents' perceptions of pediatric weight counseling terms.
Acad Pediatr 2018 Apr;18(3):342-53. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2017.09.006..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Misra-Hebert AD, Hu B, Le PH
Effect of health plan financial incentive offering on employees with prediabetes.
Researchers studied the effect of employee health plan financial incentives on health outcomes for employees with prediabetes. They found that employees who participated in disease management lost more weight than those who did not. A worksite wellness program offering health plan financial incentives for participation and outcomes was associated with improvements not only in weight but also in HbA1c.
AHRQ-funded; HS024128.
Citation: Misra-Hebert AD, Hu B, Le PH .
Effect of health plan financial incentive offering on employees with prediabetes.
Am J Med 2018 Mar;131(3):293-99. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.09.024.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Patient Self-Management, Obesity: Weight Management, Diabetes, Health Status
Alexander GL, Olden HA, Troy T
Overweight adolescents and asthma: revealing motivations and challenges with adolescent-provider communication.
This mixed-methods study assessed teens' awareness of the link between weight and asthma management, and perspectives on how medical providers might open a discussion about managing weight. The investigators found that most teens responded favorably to initiating weight loss if it impacted asthma management, valued their provider addressing weight and family participation in weight management efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS022417.
Citation: Alexander GL, Olden HA, Troy T .
Overweight adolescents and asthma: revealing motivations and challenges with adolescent-provider communication.
J Asthma 2018 Mar;55(3):266-74. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1323921..
Keywords: Asthma, Children/Adolescents, Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management
Kochkodan J, Telem DA, Ghaferi AA
Physiologic and psychological gender differences in bariatric surgery.
This paper aims to describe differences in bariatric surgery outcomes by gender and to understand the physiologic and psychological differences that may explain this gender gap. It concludes that, despite significantly lower weight loss and increased complication rates, males tend to have markedly higher satisfaction and psychological well-being scores than females.
AHRQ-funded; HS023621; HS024403.
Citation: Kochkodan J, Telem DA, Ghaferi AA .
Physiologic and psychological gender differences in bariatric surgery.
Surg Endosc 2018 Mar;32(3):1382-88. doi: 10.1007/s00464-017-5819-z.
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Keywords: Obesity, Outcomes, Sex Factors, Surgery, Obesity: Weight Management
Derose KP, Rios-Castillo I, Fulcar MA
Severe food insecurity is associated with overweight and increased body fat among people living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.
To explore the association between food insecurity and overweight and obesity among PLHIV in the Dominican Republic, the researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 160 HIV-infected adults between March-December 2012. After controlling for age, gender, income, having children at home, education, and anti-retroviral therapy status, severe food insecurity was associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and body fat.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Derose KP, Rios-Castillo I, Fulcar MA .
Severe food insecurity is associated with overweight and increased body fat among people living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.
AIDS Care 2018 Feb;30(2):182-90. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1348597.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Nutrition, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Social Determinants of Health
Pellegrini CA, Conroy DE, Phillips SM
Daily and seasonal influences on dietary self-monitoring using a smartphone application.
Researchers examined within-person variation in dietary self-monitoring during a 6-month technology-supported weight loss trial as a function of time-varying factors including time in the study, day of the week, and month of the year. They found that participants recorded less as time in the study progressed. Fewer foods were reported on the weekends compared with weekdays. More foods were self-monitored in January compared with October; however, a seasonal effect was not observed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Pellegrini CA, Conroy DE, Phillips SM .
Daily and seasonal influences on dietary self-monitoring using a smartphone application.
J Nutr Educ Behav 2018 Jan;50(1):56-61.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.12.004.
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Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Nutrition, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Patient Self-Management, Obesity: Weight Management
Berge JM, Truesdale KP, Sherwood NE
Beyond the dinner table: who's having breakfast, lunch and dinner family meals and which meals are associated with better diet quality and BMI in pre-school children?.
This study examined the frequency of eating breakfast, lunch or dinner family meals and associations with pre-school children's overall diet quality and BMI percentile. The authors concluded that breakfast family meal frequency and total weekly family meal frequency were associated with healthier diet quality in non-Hispanic pre-school children but not in Hispanic children. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify the association between family meal type and child diet quality and BMI percentile.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Berge JM, Truesdale KP, Sherwood NE .
Beyond the dinner table: who's having breakfast, lunch and dinner family meals and which meals are associated with better diet quality and BMI in pre-school children?.
Public Health Nutr 2017 Dec;20(18):3275-84. doi: 10.1017/s1368980017002348..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Family Health and History, Nutrition, Obesity: Weight Management, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Robinson A, Fiechtner L, Roche B
Association of maternal gestational weight gain with the infant fecal microbiota.
The researchers aimed to examine associations of maternal gestational weight gain with infant fecal microbiota composition, bacterial community richness, and Shannon diversity index. Their prospective cohort study of healthy infants concluded that maternal gestational weight gain was associated with the infant fecal microbiota profiles, bacterial community richness, and Shannon diversity index.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Robinson A, Fiechtner L, Roche B .
Association of maternal gestational weight gain with the infant fecal microbiota.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017 Nov;65(5):509-15. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001566.
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Keywords: Maternal Care, Pregnancy, Obesity: Weight Management
Varban OA, Cassidy RB, Bonham A
Factors associated with achieving a body mass index of less than 30 after bariatric surgery.
This study identified predictors for achieving a BMI of less than 30 after bariatric surgery. Patients who had a sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, or duodenal switch were more likely to achieve a BMI of less than 30 compared with those who underwent adjustable gastric banding. Only 8.5 percent of patients with a BMI greater than 50 achieved a BMI of less than 30 after bariatric surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS023621.
Citation: Varban OA, Cassidy RB, Bonham A .
Factors associated with achieving a body mass index of less than 30 after bariatric surgery.
JAMA Surg 2017 Nov;152(11):1058-64. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.2348.
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Keywords: Health Status, Obesity, Outcomes, Obesity: Weight Management
Halbert CH, Jefferson M, Melvin CL
Provider advice about weight loss in a primary care sample of obese and overweight patients.
In this study the investigators examined receipt of provider advice to lose weight among primary care patients who were overweight and obese. The investigators found that patient beliefs about their weight status and perceptions about shared decision-making are important to receiving provider advice about weight loss/management among primary care patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS023047.
Citation: Halbert CH, Jefferson M, Melvin CL .
Provider advice about weight loss in a primary care sample of obese and overweight patients.
J Prim Care Community Health 2017 Oct;8(4):239-46. doi: 10.1177/2150131917715336..
Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Practice Patterns, Primary Care
Pellegrini CA, Song J, Semanik PA
Patients less likely to lose weight following a knee replacement: results from the osteoarthritis initiative.
The purpose of this study was to examine weight change patterns preoperatively and postoperatively among overweight/obese knee replacement patients. Overweight and obese patients initially lost weight during the interval including knee replacement; however, they were less likely to lose more than 2.5% of their weight in the 1 to 2 years immediately after the surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Pellegrini CA, Song J, Semanik PA .
Patients less likely to lose weight following a knee replacement: results from the osteoarthritis initiative.
J Clin Rheumatol 2017 Oct;23(7):355-60. doi: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000579..
Keywords: Obesity: Weight Management, Arthritis, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery