National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (2)
- Adverse Events (2)
- Antibiotics (3)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
- Critical Care (3)
- Electronic Prescribing (E-Prescribing) (1)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (1)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
- (-) Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (5)
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- (-) Medication (5)
- Medication: Safety (2)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 5 of 5 Research Studies DisplayedFlannery DD, Zevallos Barboza A, Mukhopadhyay S
Antibiotic use among infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine antibiotic exposure, days of therapy, types of antibiotics, and changes in use patterns among newborns in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across the U.S. Data for almost 1.4 million infants were taken from the Premier Healthcare Database. The most common antibiotics prescribed during the study period were ampicillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and cefotaxime. Antibiotic use declined substantially over time, primarily because of reductions in ampicillin and gentamicin. The authors noted that these findings probably reflect the penetration of national calls for neonatal antibiotic stewardship efforts and refined early-onset infection risk-assessment strategies; shortage and subsequent discontinuation of cefotaxime may have played a role in the sharp decline in its use and the related increase in ceftazidime use.
AHRQ-funded; HS027468.
Citation: Flannery DD, Zevallos Barboza A, Mukhopadhyay S .
Antibiotic use among infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units.
JAMA Pediatr 2023 Dec; 177(12):1354-56. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3664..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Antibiotics, Medication, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care
Sullivan BA, Panda A, Wallman-Stokes A
Antibiotic spectrum index: a new tool comparing antibiotic use in three NICUs.
This study looked at a new tool called the antibiotic spectrum index (ASI) which quantifies antibiotic exposure by relative antimicrobial activity, adding information to exposure measured by days of therapy (DOT). This index was tested with very low-birth-weight infants (VLBW, <1500g) in 3 level-4 NICUs for 2 years at 2 sites and for 1 year at a third site. The authors calculated the ASI per antibiotic days and DOT per patient days for all admitted VLBW infants <32 weeks gestational age. The site with the highest DOT per patient days was found to have the lowest ASI per antibiotic days and the site with the highest mortality and infection rates were found to have the highest ASI per antibiotic days. Antibiotic utilization varied by center.
AHRQ-funded; HS026742.
Citation: Sullivan BA, Panda A, Wallman-Stokes A .
Antibiotic spectrum index: a new tool comparing antibiotic use in three NICUs.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022 Nov;43(11):1553-57. doi: 10.1017/ice.2021.467..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Newborns/Infants, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care, Antimicrobial Stewardship
Flannery DD, Akinboyo IC, Mukhopadhyay S
Antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli among infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units across the US From 2009 to 2017.
Investigators assessed the epidemiologic characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of E coli in infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units in the US over time. Using the Premier Health Database, they found nonsusceptibility to commonly administered antibiotics in substantial proportions of neonatal E coli isolates, with no significant change from 2009 to 2017. They suggested that their findings may inform empirical antibiotic choices for newborn infants.
AHRQ-funded; HS027468.
Citation: Flannery DD, Akinboyo IC, Mukhopadhyay S .
Antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli among infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units across the US From 2009 to 2017.
JAMA Pediatr 2021 Feb;175(2):168-75. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.4719..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Antibiotics, Medication, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Infectious Diseases
Stoops C, Stone S, Evans E
Baby NINJA (Nephrotoxic Injury Negated by Just-in-Time Action): reduction of nephrotoxic medication-associated acute kidney injury in the neonatal intensive care unit.
The purpose of this study was to test if acute kidney injury (AKI) is preventable in patients in the neonatal intensive care unit and if infants at high-risk of nephrotoxic medication-induced AKI can be identified using a systematic surveillance program previously used in the pediatric non-intensive care unit setting. The authors concluded that a systematic surveillance program to identify high-risk infants can prevent nephrotoxic-induced AKI and has the potential to prevent short and long-term consequences of AKI in critically ill infants.
AHRQ-funded; HS023763.
Citation: Stoops C, Stone S, Evans E .
Baby NINJA (Nephrotoxic Injury Negated by Just-in-Time Action): reduction of nephrotoxic medication-associated acute kidney injury in the neonatal intensive care unit.
J Pediatr 2019 Dec;215:223-28.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.08.046..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Medication, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety, Kidney Disease and Health, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Prevention, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events
Adelman JS, Applebaum JR, Southern WN
Risk of wrong-patient orders among multiple vs singleton births in the neonatal intensive care units of 2 integrated health care systems.
Researchers assessed the risk of wrong-patient orders among multiple-birth infants and singletons receiving care in the NICU and examined the proportion of wrong-patient orders between multiple-birth infants and siblings (intrafamilial errors) and between multiple-birth infants and nonsiblings (extrafamilial errors). They found that multiple-birth status in the NICU is associated with significantly increased risk of wrong-patient orders compared with singleton-birth status. Strategies to reduce this risk include using given names at birth, changing from temporary to given names when available, and encouraging parents to select names for multiple births before they are born when acceptable to families.
AHRQ-funded; HS024538.
Citation: Adelman JS, Applebaum JR, Southern WN .
Risk of wrong-patient orders among multiple vs singleton births in the neonatal intensive care units of 2 integrated health care systems.
JAMA Pediatr 2019 Oct 10;173(10):979-85. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2733..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication: Safety, Medication, Patient Safety, Electronic Prescribing (E-Prescribing), Health Information Technology (HIT)