National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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- Adverse Events (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 23 of 23 Research Studies DisplayedHsieh N
Unpacking intersectional inequities in flu vaccination by sexuality, gender, and race-ethnicity in the United States.
This study examined influenza vaccination inequities at the intersection of sexuality, gender, and race-ethnicity using data from the 2013 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey (N = 166,908). It found that White gay men had the highest vaccination rate (56%), while Black bisexual women had the lowest rate (23%). Sexual minority women (Black or Hispanic) had lower vaccination rates than heterosexual women, but sexual minority men had higher or similar vaccination rates than heterosexual men. While economic enabling, noneconomic enabling, and need-based factors all help to explain a substantial portion of these gaps, they cannot explain all the disadvantages faced by Black lesbian, bisexual, heterosexual women, and Black heterosexual men.
AHRQ-funded; HS029329.
Citation: Hsieh N .
Unpacking intersectional inequities in flu vaccination by sexuality, gender, and race-ethnicity in the United States.
J Health Soc Behav 2024 Mar; 65(1):38-59. doi: 10.1177/00221465231199276.
Keywords: Influenza, Vaccination, Disparities
McAteer J, Kalluri DD, Abedon RR
Anti-spike antibody durability after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in adolescent solid organ transplant recipients.
This study examined COVID-19 m-RNA vaccine antibody responses 6 months following the third vaccine dose (D3) of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination among adolescent solid organ transplant recipients (aSOTRs). The 34 participants were surveyed after they received the third dose of the vaccine and were sampled at 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-D3. All had positive anti-RBD antibody titers 6 months post-D3. Variations in titers occurred between 3 and 6 months post-D3, with 29% having decreased antibody levels at 6 months compared to 3 months and 7% reporting increased titers at 6 months. The remaining 18 had unchanged antibody titers compared to 3-month post-D3 levels. A total of 12% reported breakthrough infection within 6 months and 9% reported infection after 6-12 months following the third dose of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine.
AHRQ-funded; HS026510.
Citation: McAteer J, Kalluri DD, Abedon RR .
Anti-spike antibody durability after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in adolescent solid organ transplant recipients.
Pediatr Transplant 2024 Feb; 28(1):e14671. doi: 10.1111/petr.14671.
Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Transplantation, Children/Adolescents
Martwick J, Kaufmann J, Bailey S
Impact of healthcare location concordance on receipt of preventive care among children whose parents have a substance use and/or mental health diagnosis.
This study examined the association of children with parents with >1 substance use and/or other mental health (SU/MH) diagnoses and parent-child clinic concordance with rates of well-child checks (WCCs) and childhood vaccinations. This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data from the OCHIN network of community health organizations (CHOs) from 2010 to 2018. This included 280 CHOs across 17 states and 41,413 parents with >1 SU/MH diagnosis linked to 65,417 children ages 0 to 17 years, each with >1 visit to an OCHIN clinic during the study period. The authors found that among children utilizing the same clinic as their parent versus children using a different clinic (reference group), there were greater WCC rates in the first 15 months of life; no difference in WCC rates in ages 3 to 17; higher odds for vaccine completion before age 2; and lower odds for vaccine completion before age 18.
AHRQ-funded; HS025962.
Citation: Martwick J, Kaufmann J, Bailey S .
Impact of healthcare location concordance on receipt of preventive care among children whose parents have a substance use and/or mental health diagnosis.
J Prim Care Community Health 2024 Jan-Dec; 15. doi: 10.1177/21501319241229925.
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Prevention, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Vaccination, Healthcare Utilization
Eaton EF, Kulczycki A, Saag M
Immunization costs and programmatic barriers at an urban HIV clinic.
This study estimated costs of providing Gardasil, Prevnar, and Zostavax to eligible patients at a US Ryan White Part C academically affiliated HIV clinic in 2013. Its cost analysis of 3 vaccines showed great variation in insurance coverage, with potential losses of almost $100 000 for one HIV clinic if eligible patients received vaccinations in one calendar year.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Eaton EF, Kulczycki A, Saag M .
Immunization costs and programmatic barriers at an urban HIV clinic.
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Dec;61(11):1726-31. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ637.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Healthcare Costs, Medication, Vaccination
de St Maurice A, Grijalva CG, Fonnesbeck C
Racial and regional differences in rates of invasive pneumococcal disease.
This study assessed the impact of introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on pediatric IPD rates, as well as changes in racial and regional differences in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), in Tennessee. It found that PCV13 introduction led to substantial declines in childhood IPD rates and was associated with reduced regional and racial differences in IPD rates in Tennessee.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: de St Maurice A, Grijalva CG, Fonnesbeck C .
Racial and regional differences in rates of invasive pneumococcal disease.
Pediatrics 2015 Nov;136(5):e1186-94. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1773..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vaccination, Prevention
Li JC, Silverberg JI
Varicella infection is not associated with increasing prevalence of eczema: a U.S. population-based study.
The investigators sought to understand the impact of declining rates of chickenpox infection on the prevalence of eczema. Using National Health Interview Survey data, they found that eczema was inversely associated with chickenpox. They concluded that lower rates of chickenpox infection secondary to widespread vaccination against varicella zoster virus are not contributing to higher rates of childhood eczema in the U.S.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Li JC, Silverberg JI .
Varicella infection is not associated with increasing prevalence of eczema: a U.S. population-based study.
Br J Dermatol 2015 Nov;173(5):1169-74. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14028.
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Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Skin Conditions, Skin Conditions, Vaccination
Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Mvundura M
An economic model assessing the value of microneedle patch delivery of the seasonal influenza vaccine.
The researchers utilized a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered transmission model linked to an economic influenza outcomes model to assess the economic value of introducing the microneedle patch (MNP) into the U.S. influenza vaccine market from the third-party payer and societal perspectives. They concluded that if healthcare providers administered the MNP, its introduction would be less costly and more effective in the majority of scenarios assessed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Mvundura M .
An economic model assessing the value of microneedle patch delivery of the seasonal influenza vaccine.
Vaccine 2015 Sep 08;33(37):4727-36. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.076.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Healthcare Costs, Influenza, Vaccination
Pop-Vicas A, Rahman M, Gozalo PL
Estimating the effect of influenza vaccination on nursing home residents' morbidity and mortality.
This study estimated the effect of influenza vaccination on hospitalization and mortality in nursing home (NH) residents. It found that the association between vaccine match and reduction in overall mortality and pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations was strongest for A/H3N2, the influenza strain typically responsible for the most-severe influenza cases.
AHRQ-funded; HS018462.
Citation: Pop-Vicas A, Rahman M, Gozalo PL .
Estimating the effect of influenza vaccination on nursing home residents' morbidity and mortality.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Sep;63(9):1798-804. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13617..
Keywords: Influenza, Nursing Homes, Vaccination, Hospitalization
Rand CM, Blumkin A, Vincelli P
Parent preferences for communicating with their adolescent's provider using new technologies.
The researchers assessed the views of parents of adolescents on various means to communicate with their adolescents’ physicians about vaccine reminders and appointments, medication refills and test results including phone, mail, e-mail, text messages, and personal health records (PHR). They found that young parents of adolescents are most likely to accept text message vaccine reminders; suburban parents prefer e-mail reminders. Personal health records are accepted generally by those parents who are younger and suburban.
AHRQ-funded; HS017951.
Citation: Rand CM, Blumkin A, Vincelli P .
Parent preferences for communicating with their adolescent's provider using new technologies.
J Adolesc Health 2015 Sep;57(3):299-304. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.06.006..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Clinician-Patient Communication, Children/Adolescents, Vaccination
Glanz JM, Kraus CR, Daley MF
Addressing parental vaccine concerns: engagement, balance, and timing.
The recent United States measles epidemic has sparked another contentious national discussion about childhood vaccination. Interventions to address this emerging public health issue are needed. The authors describe a framework by which web-based interventions can be used to help parents make evidence-based decisions about childhood vaccinations.
AHRQ-funded; HS021492.
Citation: Glanz JM, Kraus CR, Daley MF .
Addressing parental vaccine concerns: engagement, balance, and timing.
PLoS Biol 2015 Aug;13(8):e1002227. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002227..
Keywords: Vaccination, Children/Adolescents, Public Health, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Feemster KA
Remembering the benefits of vaccination.
This commentary discussed the issue of vaccination and tightening exemptions for school entry. The author pointed out that events show that the success of vaccines can be fragile, as the measles cases associated with Disneyland were preceded by 644 cases in 2014. And 2012 saw more than 40,000 cases of pertussis, the largest number since 1960. These events provided a dramatic reminder that vaccines remain an important and necessary public health tool.
AHRQ-funded; HS020939.
Citation: Feemster KA .
Remembering the benefits of vaccination.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Jul;169(7):624-6. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0647.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Infectious Diseases, Patient Safety, Policy, Vaccination
Haidari LA, Wahl B, Brown ST
One size does not fit all: the impact of primary vaccine container size on vaccine distribution and delivery.
The researchers examined the questions of how the design of the primary container may affect the distribution of the vaccine, its resulting cost, and whether the vial is ultimately opened. Using a simulation model, they determined that when choosing a primary vaccine container, the choice depends on characteristics of the vaccine, the vaccine supply chain, immunization session size, and goals of decision makers. In fact, the optimal vial size may vary among locations within a country.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Haidari LA, Wahl B, Brown ST .
One size does not fit all: the impact of primary vaccine container size on vaccine distribution and delivery.
Vaccine 2015 Jun 22;33(28):3242-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.018..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Vaccination
Norman BA, Rajgopal J, Lim J
Modular vaccine packaging increases packing efficiency.
The researchers developed a spreadsheet model that evaluated the impact of different packing schemes for the Benin routine regimen plus the introduction of the Rotarix vaccine. Their analysis suggests that modular packaging systems could offer significant advantages over conventional vaccine packaging systems with respect to space efficiency and potential numbers of fully-immunized children, when they are stored in standard vaccine carrying devices.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Norman BA, Rajgopal J, Lim J .
Modular vaccine packaging increases packing efficiency.
Vaccine 2015 Jun 17;33(27):3135-41. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.091..
Keywords: Vaccination, Medication, Children/Adolescents
Nace DA, Lin CJ, Ross TM
Randomized, controlled trial of high-dose influenza vaccine among frail residents of long-term care facilities.
The researchers compared high-dose to standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine in residents of long-term-care facilities (LTCFs) during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 influenza seasons. They found that, among frail, elderly residents of LTCFs, high-dose influenza vaccine produced superior responses for all strains except influenza A(H1N1) in 2012-2013.
AHRQ-funded; HS023779.
Citation: Nace DA, Lin CJ, Ross TM .
Randomized, controlled trial of high-dose influenza vaccine among frail residents of long-term care facilities.
J Infect Dis 2015 Jun 15;211(12):1915-24. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu622.
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Keywords: Elderly, Influenza, Long-Term Care, Prevention, Vaccination
Leshem E, Tate JE, Steiner CA
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations among US children following implementation of the rotavirus vaccine.
Because laboratory testing and coding for rotavirus are not routinely performed for patients with diarrhea, the researchers examined both all-cause acute gastroenteritis and rotavirus-coded hospitalizations among children younger than 5 years from 2000 through 2012. They found that, in 2012, when vaccine coverage was highest, the greatest reductions were observed for all-cause acute gastroenteritis (55 percent) and rotavirus-coded (94 percent) hospitalizations.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Leshem E, Tate JE, Steiner CA .
Acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations among US children following implementation of the rotavirus vaccine.
JAMA 2015 Jun 9;313(22):2282-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.5571..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Vaccination, Children/Adolescents, Adverse Events
Lee BY, Schreiber B, Wateska AR
The Benin experience: how computational modeling can assist major vaccine policy changes in low and middle income countries.
The authors discuss some of the key steps and lessons learned in their Benin experience that helped computational modeling inform and lead to major policy change. The key steps are: engagement of Ministry of Health, identifying in-country “champions,” directed and efficient data collection, defining a finite set of realistic scenarios, making the study methodology transparent, presenting the results in a clear manner, and facilitating decision-making and advocacy.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Lee BY, Schreiber B, Wateska AR .
The Benin experience: how computational modeling can assist major vaccine policy changes in low and middle income countries.
Vaccine 2015 Jun 9;33(25):2858-61. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.022..
Keywords: Genetics, Policy, Vaccination
Shoup JA, Wagner NM, Kraus CR
Development of an interactive social media tool for parents with concerns about vaccines.
The researchers describe a process for designing, building, and evaluating a theory-driven social media intervention tool to help reduce parental concerns about vaccination. Based on focus groups, interviews, and usability evaluations, they made revisions to the tool’s content, design, functionality, and overall look and feel. They concluded that engaging parents at all stages of development is critical when designing a tool to address concerns about childhood vaccines.
AHRQ-funded; HS021492; HS019760.
Citation: Shoup JA, Wagner NM, Kraus CR .
Development of an interactive social media tool for parents with concerns about vaccines.
Health Educ Behav 2015 Jun;42(3):302-12. doi: 10.1177/1090198114557129..
Keywords: Vaccination, Social Media, Health Information Technology (HIT), Education: Patient and Caregiver
Kempe A, Saville AW, Dickinson LM
Collaborative centralized reminder/recall notification to increase immunization rates among young children: a comparative effectiveness trial.
The objectives of this study were to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a collaborative centralized (CC) reminder/recall approach with that of a practice-based (PB) reminder recall approach for increasing immunization rates among preschool-aged children. It found that a CC reminder/recall notification was more effective and more cost-effective than a PB system, although the effect size was modest.
AHRQ-funded; HS021138
Citation: Kempe A, Saville AW, Dickinson LM .
Collaborative centralized reminder/recall notification to increase immunization rates among young children: a comparative effectiveness trial.
JAMA Pediatr. 2015 Apr;169(4):365-73. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3670..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Comparative Effectiveness, Vaccination
Kestenbaum LA, Feemster KA
Identifying and addressing vaccine hesitancy.
Despite, and perhaps because of, their public health impact, an increasing number of parents and patients are choosing to delay or refuse vaccines. These individuals are described as “vaccine hesitant.” This review explores the history of vaccine hesitancy, its causes, and suggests approaches for reducing hesitancy and strengthening vaccine acceptance.
AHRQ-funded; HS020939.
Citation: Kestenbaum LA, Feemster KA .
Identifying and addressing vaccine hesitancy.
Pediatr Ann 2015 Apr;44(4):e71-5. doi: 10.3928/00904481-20150410-07..
Keywords: Vaccination, Health Literacy, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Brown ST
Quantifying the economic value and quality of life impact of earlier influenza vaccination.
This study quantifies the potential benefits and cost-savings of vaccinating against influenza earlier than current practice. It found that, depending on the timing of the influenza season peak, influenza transmissibility, and preexisting immunity, vaccinating those who typically receive the vaccine later by the end of September could avert up to $3.7 million in direct costs, and $10.7 million in productivity losses.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Brown ST .
Quantifying the economic value and quality of life impact of earlier influenza vaccination.
Med Care 2015 Mar;53(3):218-29. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000302..
Keywords: Vaccination, Influenza, Healthcare Costs
Glenn BA, Tsui J, Singhal R
Factors associated with HPV awareness among mothers of low-income ethnic minority adolescent girls in Los Angeles.
The investigators studied demographic factors associated with HPV awareness among low-income, ethnic minority mothers in Los Angeles County. Using data from the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Office of Women's Health, they found that one in three participants had never heard of HPV or the vaccine, with mothers unaware of HPV being significantly more likely to conduct the interview in a language other than English and to lack health insurance for their daughters. HPV vaccine awareness was much lower in this caregiver sample than in a simultaneous national survey of caregivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Glenn BA, Tsui J, Singhal R .
Factors associated with HPV awareness among mothers of low-income ethnic minority adolescent girls in Los Angeles.
Vaccine 2015 Jan 3;33(2):289-93. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.032.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Low-Income, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Vaccination
Strohl AE, Mendoza G, Ghant MS
Barriers to prevention: knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccinations among African American women.
The overall goal of this study was to explore targetable barriers to HPV vaccination among African American women in an urban Chicago population. Most middle-aged African American women demonstrated low knowledge scores regarding HPV, cervical cancer, and the HPV vaccine. Education level, household income and having a child who had been offered the HPV vaccine were associated positively with adequate knowledge scores.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Strohl AE, Mendoza G, Ghant MS .
Barriers to prevention: knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccinations among African American women.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015 Jan;212(1):65.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.06.059..
Keywords: Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sexual Health, Urban Health, Vaccination, Women
Stockwell MS, Catallozzi M, Camargo S
Registry-linked electronic influenza vaccine provider reminders: a cluster-crossover trial.
The objective of the study was to determine the impact on vaccine administration of EHR influenza vaccination reminders that are linked to a city immunization information system. It found that a noninterruptive, immunization information system–linked influenza vaccination reminder can increase vaccination late in the winter when fewer vaccine doses are usually administered. Tailoring the reminder to clinicians’ needs can increase its use.
AHRQ-funded; HS018158.
Citation: Stockwell MS, Catallozzi M, Camargo S .
Registry-linked electronic influenza vaccine provider reminders: a cluster-crossover trial.
Pediatrics 2015 Jan;135(1):e75-82. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-2616..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Influenza, Vaccination, Registries