National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (4)
- Adverse Events (4)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (2)
- Arthritis (1)
- Cancer (2)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (2)
- Care Management (1)
- Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) (1)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Chronic Conditions (4)
- Comparative Effectiveness (6)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Diabetes (3)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (2)
- Dialysis (4)
- Elderly (3)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (3)
- Falls (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (2)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
- Healthcare Delivery (2)
- Health Status (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (3)
- Hospitals (1)
- Imaging (3)
- Injuries and Wounds (1)
- (-) Kidney Disease and Health (28)
- Medication (6)
- Medication: Safety (2)
- Mortality (4)
- Organizational Change (1)
- Outcomes (4)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (1)
- Patient Safety (3)
- Payment (1)
- Policy (1)
- Practice Patterns (2)
- Prevention (3)
- Provider (1)
- Quality of Life (2)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Risk (1)
- Shared Decision Making (2)
- Surgery (1)
- Surveys on Patient Safety Culture (1)
- Transplantation (2)
- Treatments (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 28 Research Studies DisplayedAklilu AM, Kumar S, Nugent J
COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury and longitudinal kidney outcomes.
This retrospective longitudinal multicenter cohort study’s objective was to assess long-term kidney outcomes of patient who had COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). This study was conducted in a large hospital system using electronic health records data on adult hospitalized patients with AKI and COVID-19 or other illnesses. Included patients were those 1) who were hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020-June 2022), were screened for SARS-CoV-2, had AKI, and survived to discharge, or 2) had been hospitalized during the 5 years before the pandemic (October 2016-January 2020), had a positive influenza A or B test result, had AKI, and survived to discharge. The study cohort included 9624 hospitalized patients (mean age, 69.0 years; 4955 females) with AKI, including 987 patients with COVID-AKI, 276 with influenza-associated AKI, and 8361 with AKI associated with other illnesses (other-AKI). When compared with the other 2 groups, patients with COVID-19-associated AKI were slightly younger in age, had a higher baseline eGFR, worse baseline comorbidity scores, higher markers of illness severity, and longer hospital stay. Compared with the other-AKI group, the COVID-AKI group had lower major adverse kidney events (MAKE) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.67) due to lower all-cause mortality (aHR, 0.31) and lower rates of worsened kidney function.
AHRQ-funded; HS027626.
Citation: Aklilu AM, Kumar S, Nugent J .
COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury and longitudinal kidney outcomes.
JAMA Intern Med 2024 Apr; 18(4):414-23. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8225..
Keywords: COVID-19, Kidney Disease and Health, Outcomes
Brown JR, Rezaee ME, Hisey WM
Reduced mortality associated with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis in the United States.
The researchers describe the epidemiology of dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury (AKI-D) as well as associated in-hospital mortality in the US. They found that the incidence rate of AKI-D has increased considerably in the US since 2001. However, in-hospital mortality associated with AKI-D hospital admissions has decreased significantly. AHRQ-funded; HS018443.
AHRQ-funded; HS018443.
Citation: Brown JR, Rezaee ME, Hisey WM .
Reduced mortality associated with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis in the United States.
Am J Nephrol 2016;43(4):261-70. doi: 10.1159/000445846.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Adverse Events, Mortality, Patient Safety, Kidney Disease and Health
Ware JE, Jr., Gandek B, Allison J
The validity of disease-specific quality of life attributions among adults with multiple chronic conditions.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of QOL attributions to specific diseases among adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCC). It concluded that, collectively, convergent and discriminant test results support the construct validity of disease-specific QOL impact attributions across MCC within the eight pre-identified conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023117.
Citation: Ware JE, Jr., Gandek B, Allison J .
The validity of disease-specific quality of life attributions among adults with multiple chronic conditions.
Int J Stat Med Res 2016;5(1):17-40..
Keywords: Quality of Life, Chronic Conditions, Arthritis, Kidney Disease and Health, Heart Disease and Health
Lee T, Thamer M, Zhang Y
Association of peritonitis with hemodialysis catheter dependence after modality switch.
This study characterized vascular access use after switch to hemodialysis and its effect on patient mortality. The researchers found that patients using a permanent vascular access 180 days after switching from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis had better adjusted survival during the ensuing year than those using a catheter. They concluded that among patients who switch, prior peritonitis is associated with a higher rate of persistent hemodialysis catheter use, which, in turn, is associated with lower patient survival.
AHRQ-funded; HS022931; HS021229.
Citation: Lee T, Thamer M, Zhang Y .
Association of peritonitis with hemodialysis catheter dependence after modality switch.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016 Nov 7;11(11):1999-2004. doi: 10.2215/cjn.04970516.
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Keywords: Dialysis, Kidney Disease and Health, Evidence-Based Practice, Mortality, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Lipska KJ, Flory JH, Hennessy S
Citizen petition to the US Food and Drug Administration to change prescribing guidelines: The metformin experience.
Although healthcare professionals rarely submit citizen petitions, they can exert a powerful impact on the labeling requirements for drugs. Metformin is one such example. The authors filed 2 petitions to the FDA, asking the FDA to change the label and to relax the renal contraindications. In 2016, the FDA issued a safety communication that partially granted our requests by requiring the manufacturers of metformin to change the labeling of metformin in several ways.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Lipska KJ, Flory JH, Hennessy S .
Citizen petition to the US Food and Drug Administration to change prescribing guidelines: The metformin experience.
Circulation 2016 Nov 1;134(18):1405-08. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.023041.
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Keywords: Medication, Medication: Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Kidney Disease and Health, Diabetes
Raman G, Adam GP, Halladay CW
Comparative effectiveness of management strategies for renal artery stenosis: an updated systematic review.
This study compared benefits and harms of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty with stent placement (PTRAS) versus medical therapy alone in adults with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS). The strength of evidence regarding the relative benefits and harms of PTRAS versus medical therapy alone for patients with ARAS is low.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500002.
Citation: Raman G, Adam GP, Halladay CW .
Comparative effectiveness of management strategies for renal artery stenosis: an updated systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Nov;165(9):635-49. doi: 10.7326/m16-1053.
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Keywords: Kidney Disease and Health, Treatments, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice
Cunha CB, D'Agata EM
Implementing an antimicrobial stewardship program in out-patient dialysis units.
The purpose of this review is to highlight the key elements and interventions of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). The Infectious Disease Society of America and the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America have provided evidence-based guidelines for the development and implementation of an ASP. Many of their recommendations can be adapted to the out-patient dialysis setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS021666.
Citation: Cunha CB, D'Agata EM .
Implementing an antimicrobial stewardship program in out-patient dialysis units.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2016 Nov;25(6):551-55. doi: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000281.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Kidney Disease and Health, Chronic Conditions
Pierorazio PM, Johnson MH, Patel HD
Management of renal masses and localized renal cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
This review aimed to summarize evidence on effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of active surveillance (AS), thermal ablation (TA), and radical (RN) or partial nephrectomy (PN) for patients with a renal mass suspicious for localized renal cancer. It concluded that comparative studies demonstrated similar cancer-secific survival across management strategies, with some differences in renal functional outcomes, perioperative outcomes, and postoperative harms that should be considered when choosing a management strategy.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200007I.
Citation: Pierorazio PM, Johnson MH, Patel HD .
Management of renal masses and localized renal cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Urol 2016 Oct;296(4):989-99. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.04.081.
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Keywords: Cancer, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Kidney Disease and Health
Bowling CB, Bromfield SG, Colantonio LD
Association of reduced eGFR and albuminuria with serious fall injuries among older adults.
The researchers studied adverse outcomes in patients on dialysis as a result of falls. They found that among participants with CKD, cumulative 1-year mortality rates among patients with a serious fall and age-matched controls were 21.0% and 5.5%, respectively, and noted that elevated ACR but not lower eGFR was associated with serious fall injuries. They concluded that evaluation for fall risk factors and fall prevention strategies should be considered for older adults with elevated ACR.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Bowling CB, Bromfield SG, Colantonio LD .
Association of reduced eGFR and albuminuria with serious fall injuries among older adults.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016 Jul 7;11(7):1236-43. doi: 10.2215/cjn.11111015.
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Keywords: Elderly, Falls, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Kidney Disease and Health, Injuries and Wounds
Patel PA, Liang L, Khazanie P
Antihyperglycemic medication use among Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease.
The authors sought to investigate the overall use and safety of antihyperglycemic medications (AHMs) among patients with diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. They found that treatment of diabetes mellitus in patients with HF and chronic kidney disease is complex, and these patients are commonly treated with renal contraindicated AHMs, including over 6% receiving a thiazolidinedione, despite known concerns regarding HF. They recommended more research regarding safety and efficacy of various AHMs among HF patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Patel PA, Liang L, Khazanie P .
Antihyperglycemic medication use among Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease.
Circ Heart Fail 2016 Jul;9(7). doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002638.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Elderly, Heart Disease and Health, Kidney Disease and Health, Medication
Erickson KF, Winkelmayer WC, Chertow GM
Effects of physician payment reform on provision of home dialysis.
The investigators evaluated whether Medicare payment reform influenced dialysis modality assignment. They concluded that transition from a capitated to a tiered fee-for-service payment model for in-center hemodialysis care resulted in fewer patients receiving home dialysis.
AHRQ-funded; HS019178.
Citation: Erickson KF, Winkelmayer WC, Chertow GM .
Effects of physician payment reform on provision of home dialysis.
Am J Manag Care 2016 Jun;22(6):e215-23.
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Keywords: Dialysis, Healthcare Costs, Kidney Disease and Health, Payment, Practice Patterns
Satchidanand N, Withiam-Leitch M, Dickinson M
Positive predictive value of a single assessment of estimated GFR in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease.
The authors' objective was to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of a single assessment of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among adults with at least one eGFR less than 60 mL/min in their lifetime. Using the Distributed Area Research and Therapeutics Network CKD natural history dataset, they found a cutpoint of less than 45 mL/min, yielding a PPV of 93% with a sensitivity of 28% and a specificity of 94%, thus identifying a valid cutpoint to screen for chronic kidney disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS023656.
Citation: Satchidanand N, Withiam-Leitch M, Dickinson M .
Positive predictive value of a single assessment of estimated GFR in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease.
South Med J 2016 Jun;109(6):351-5. doi: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000474.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Kidney Disease and Health, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Lee T, Thamer M, Zhang Q
Reduced cardiovascular mortality associated with early vascular access placement in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease.
This study assessed whether there has been a decrease in cardiovascular comorbidity in elderly chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing predialysis access surgery, and whether this impacted clinical outcomes after access creation and cardiovascular events after hemodialysis initiation. It concluded that a progressive decrease in cardiovascular comorbidities in elderly CKD patients undergoing predialysis vascular access surgery was associated with a decrease in death before hemodialysis and cardiovascular events after starting hemodialysis.
AHRQ-funded; HS022931.
Citation: Lee T, Thamer M, Zhang Q .
Reduced cardiovascular mortality associated with early vascular access placement in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease.
Am J Nephrol 2016;43(5):334-40. doi: 10.1159/000446159.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Kidney Disease and Health, Kidney Disease and Health, Mortality
Melcher ML, Roberts JP, Leichtman AB
Utilization of deceased donor kidneys to initiate living donor chains.
The authors proposed that some deceased donor kidneys be allocated to initiate nonsimultaneous extended altruistic donor chains of living donor kidney transplants. They hypothesized that a pilot program would show a positive impact on patients of all ethnicities and blood types.
AHRQ-funded; HS020610.
Citation: Melcher ML, Roberts JP, Leichtman AB .
Utilization of deceased donor kidneys to initiate living donor chains.
Am J Transplant 2016 May;16(5):1367-70. doi: 10.1111/ajt.13740.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Kidney Disease and Health, Policy, Transplantation
Wang RC, Rodriguez RM, Moghadassi M
External validation of the STONE score, a clinical prediction rule for ureteral stone: an observational multi-institutional study.
The STONE score is a clinical decision rule that classifies patients with suspected nephrolithiasis into low-, moderate-, and high-score groups, with corresponding probabilities of ureteral stone. The researchers evaluated the STONE score compared with physician gestalt. They concluded that in its present form, the STONE score lacks sufficient accuracy to allow clinicians to defer CT scan for suspected ureteral stone.
AHRQ-funded; HS021281; HS019312.
Citation: Wang RC, Rodriguez RM, Moghadassi M .
External validation of the STONE score, a clinical prediction rule for ureteral stone: an observational multi-institutional study.
Ann Emerg Med 2016 Apr;67(4):423-32.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.08.019.
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Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Imaging, Kidney Disease and Health, Practice Patterns
Santos CA, Brennan DC, Saeed MJ
Pharmacoepidemiology of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in a large retrospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients with Medicare Part D coverage.
The researchers sought to determine real-world use of cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis. They found that variability in usage of prophylaxis among transplant centers was greater than variability within transplant centers. They concluded that limiting unnecessary use of CMV prophylaxis may decrease healthcare costs and drug-related harms.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Santos CA, Brennan DC, Saeed MJ .
Pharmacoepidemiology of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in a large retrospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients with Medicare Part D coverage.
Clin Transplant 2016 Apr;30(4):435-44. doi: 10.1111/ctr.12706.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Kidney Disease and Health, Medication, Prevention, Transplantation
Daniels B, Gross CP, Molinaro A
STONE PLUS: evaluation of emergency department patients with suspected renal colic, using a clinical prediction tool combined with point-of-care limited ultrasonography.
This study sought to determine whether renal point-of-care limited ultrasonography (PLUS) used in conjunction with the Sex, Timing, Origin, Nausea, Erythrocytes (STONE) clinical prediction score can aid identification of emergency department (ED) patients with uncomplicated ureteral stone or need for urologic intervention. It concluded that hydronephrosis on renal PLUS modestly improved risk stratification in low- and moderate-risk STONE score patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS018322.
Citation: Daniels B, Gross CP, Molinaro A .
STONE PLUS: evaluation of emergency department patients with suspected renal colic, using a clinical prediction tool combined with point-of-care limited ultrasonography.
Ann Emerg Med 2016 Apr;67(4):439-48. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.10.020.
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Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Emergency Department, Imaging, Kidney Disease and Health
Eng J, Wilson RF, Subramaniam RM
Comparative effect of contrast media type on the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This review compared contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) risk for contrast media within and between osmolality classes in patients receiving diagnostic or therapeutic imaging procedures. No differences were found in CIN risk among types of low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM). Iodixanol had a slightly lower risk for CIN than LOCM, but the lower risk did not exceed a criterion for clinical importance.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200007I.
Citation: Eng J, Wilson RF, Subramaniam RM .
Comparative effect of contrast media type on the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Mar 15;164(6):417-24. doi: 10.7326/m15-1402.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Imaging, Risk, Kidney Disease and Health, Adverse Events
Subramaniam RM, Suarez-Cuervo C, Wilson RF
Effectiveness of prevention strategies for contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, statins, and ascorbic acid have been studied for reducing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of interventions to reduce CIN in adults receiving contrast media. It concluded that the greatest reduction in CIN was seen with N-acetylcysteine plus IV saline in patients receiving LOCM and with statins plus N-acetylcysteine plus IV saline.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200007I.
Citation: Subramaniam RM, Suarez-Cuervo C, Wilson RF .
Effectiveness of prevention strategies for contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Mar 15;164(6):406-16. doi: 10.7326/m15-1456.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness, Kidney Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Brown JR, Rezaee ME, Nichols EL
Incidence and in-hospital mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) and dialysis-requiring AKI (AKI-D) after cardiac catheterization in the National Inpatient Sample.
This study examined cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) hospital discharges from the nationally representative National Inpatient Sample to determine annual population incidence rates for AKI and AKI-D in the United States from 2001 to 2011. It found that the incidence of AKI among cardiac catheterization and PCI patients has increased sharply in the United States; however, mortality has significantly declined.
AHRQ-funded; HS018443.
Citation: Brown JR, Rezaee ME, Nichols EL .
Incidence and in-hospital mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) and dialysis-requiring AKI (AKI-D) after cardiac catheterization in the National Inpatient Sample.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 Mar 15;5(3):e002739. doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002739.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Adverse Events, Mortality, Patient Safety, Surgery, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Kidney Disease and Health, Dialysis, Hospitals
Bertram JF, Goldstein SL, Pape L
Kidney disease in children: latest advances and remaining challenges.
To mark World Kidney Day 2016, Nature Reviews Nephrology invited six leading researchers to highlight the key advances and challenges within their specialist field of paediatric nephrology. Advances and remaining challenges in the fields of prenatal patterning, acute kidney injury, renal transplantation, genetics, cardiovascular health, and growth and nutrition, were discussed within the context of paediatric and neonatal patients with kidney disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS023763; HS021114.
Citation: Bertram JF, Goldstein SL, Pape L .
Kidney disease in children: latest advances and remaining challenges.
Nat Rev Nephrol 2016 Mar;12(3):182-91. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.219.
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Keywords: Kidney Disease and Health, Children/Adolescents, Children/Adolescents, Children/Adolescents
Dauw CA, Yi Y, Bierlein MJ
Medication nonadherence and effectiveness of preventive pharmacological therapy for kidney stones.
To examine the impact that medication nonadherence has on the secondary prevention of kidney stones, the researchers compared clinical health outcomes between patients who adhered to their regimen and those who did not. They found that the frequency of emergency department visits, hospitalization and surgery for stone disease was significantly lower among adherent patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS020927.
Citation: Dauw CA, Yi Y, Bierlein MJ .
Medication nonadherence and effectiveness of preventive pharmacological therapy for kidney stones.
J Urol 2016 Mar;195(3):648-52. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.082.
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Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Kidney Disease and Health, Prevention
Lo Re V, 3rd, Carbonari DM, Lewis JD
Oral azole antifungal medications and risk of acute liver injury, overall and by chronic liver disease status.
The researchers evaluated incidence rates of acute liver injury associated with oral azole antifungals. They concluded that rates of acute liver injury were similarly low for fluconazole, ketoconazole, and itraconazole. Events were more common among voriconazole and posaconazole users but were comparable. Pre-existing chronic liver disease increased risk of azole-induced liver injury.
AHRQ-funded; HS018372.
Citation: Lo Re V, 3rd, Carbonari DM, Lewis JD .
Oral azole antifungal medications and risk of acute liver injury, overall and by chronic liver disease status.
Am J Med 2016 Mar;129(3):283-91.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.10.029.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Kidney Disease and Health, Chronic Conditions, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Davis KK, Harris KG, Mahishi V
Perceptions of culture of safety in hemodialysis centers.
Staff members, physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants from a sample of hemodialysis facilities completed a 10-item assessment with modified questions from the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, with an emphasis on safety culture related to vascular access infections. Overall, scores were high, indicating a positive patient safety culture.
AHRQ-funded; 2902010000251.
Citation: Davis KK, Harris KG, Mahishi V .
Perceptions of culture of safety in hemodialysis centers.
Nephrol Nurs J 2016 Mar-Apr;43(2):119-26, 82; quiz 27.
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Keywords: Surveys on Patient Safety Culture, Patient Safety, Dialysis, Kidney Disease and Health, Organizational Change, Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Provider
Pathak RD, Schroeder EB, Seaquist ER
Severe hypoglycemia requiring medical intervention in a large cohort of adults with diabetes receiving care in U.S. integrated health care delivery systems: 2005-2011.
The researchers quantified the burden of severe hypoglycemia requiring medical intervention in a well-defined population of insured individuals receiving care for diabetes . Annual rates of severe hypoglycemia ranged from 1.4 to 1.6 events per 100 person-years. Rates of severe hypoglycemia were higher among those with older age, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, cardiovascular disease, depression, and higher A1C levels.
AHRQ-funded; HS019859.
Citation: Pathak RD, Schroeder EB, Seaquist ER .
Severe hypoglycemia requiring medical intervention in a large cohort of adults with diabetes receiving care in U.S. integrated health care delivery systems: 2005-2011.
Diabetes Care 2016 Mar;39(3):363-70. doi: 10.2337/dc15-0858.
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Keywords: Care Management, Diabetes, Healthcare Delivery, Kidney Disease and Health