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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedMa X, Chen Y, Cole SR
A hybrid Bayesian hierarchical model combining cohort and case-control studies for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests: accounting for partial verification bias.
In this paper, the authors proposed a novel hybrid Bayesian hierarchical model combining cohort and case-control studies while simultaneously correcting partial verification bias. They presented two case studies on assessing the diagnostic accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in detecting lymph node metastases and of adrenal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in characterizing adrenal masses.
AHRQ-funded; HS022900.
Citation: Ma X, Chen Y, Cole SR .
A hybrid Bayesian hierarchical model combining cohort and case-control studies for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests: accounting for partial verification bias.
Stat Methods Med Res 2016 Dec;25(6):3015-37. doi: 10.1177/0962280214536703.
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Keywords: Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Imaging, Research Methodologies
Murphy DR, Meyer AN, Bhise V
Computerized triggers of big data to detect delays in follow-up of chest imaging results.
A "trigger" algorithm was used to identify delays in follow-up of abnormal chest imaging results in a large national clinical data warehouse of electronic health record (EHR) data. In this study, the authors applied a trigger in a repository hosting EHR data from all Department of Veterans Affairs health-care facilities and analyzed data from seven facilities. The investigators concluded that application of triggers on "big" EHR data may aid in identifying patients experiencing delays in diagnostic evaluation of chest imaging results suspicious for malignancy.
Citation: Murphy DR, Meyer AN, Bhise V .
Computerized triggers of big data to detect delays in follow-up of chest imaging results.
Chest 2016 Sep;150(3):613-20. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.05.001..
Keywords: Imaging, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Data, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Cancer
Wang SY, Hsu SH, Gross CP
Association between time since cancer diagnosis and health-related quality of life: a population-level analysis.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between time since cancer diagnosis and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among cancer survivors in remission. The researchers found that most cancer survivors did not experience poorer mental health, but that survivors of prostate or cervical cancer had lower mental component summary scores after 10 years of diagnosis. They concluded that the level of HRQOL among cancer survivors depends on time since cancer diagnosis and cancer type.
AHRQ-funded; HS023900.
Citation: Wang SY, Hsu SH, Gross CP .
Association between time since cancer diagnosis and health-related quality of life: a population-level analysis.
Value Health 2016 Jul-Aug;19(5):631-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.02.010.
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Keywords: Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Health Status, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Quality of Life
Meyer AN, Murphy DR, Singh H
Communicating findings of delayed diagnostic evaluation to primary care providers.
In this study, researchers examined the effectiveness of various communication strategies to inform primary care practitioners (PCPs) about the delayed follow-up of cancer-related abnormal or "red-flag" findings. They found that strategies (emails, phone calls, contacting clinic directors) to communicate to PCPs information on delayed follow-up of findings suspicious for cancer were useful, but not fail-safe.
AHRQ-funded; HS022901.
Citation: Meyer AN, Murphy DR, Singh H .
Communicating findings of delayed diagnostic evaluation to primary care providers.
J Am Board Fam Med 2016 Jul-Aug;29(4):469-73. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2016.04.150363.
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Keywords: Cancer, Communication, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Primary Care
Mohapatra A, Vemana G, Bhayani S
Trends in the utilization of imaging for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
The researchers evaluated the changes in use of the different imaging modalities for diagnosing upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and assess how these changes have affected tumor stage at the time of surgery. They found trends toward the utilization of newer imaging modalities to diagnose UTUC and more modalities per patient. Endoscopy and retrograde pyelography were associated with smaller tumors, whereas magnetic resonance urography was associated with larger tumors. They recommended further studies to evaluate the utility of the different modalities in diagnosing UTUC.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Mohapatra A, Vemana G, Bhayani S .
Trends in the utilization of imaging for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Urol Oncol 2016 May;34(5):236.e23-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.12.002.
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Keywords: Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Healthcare Utilization, Imaging
Nelson HD, O'Meara ES, Kerlikowske K
Factors associated with rates of false-positive and false-negative results from digital mammography screening: an analysis of registry data.
The researchers sought to determine factors associated with false-positive and false-negative digital mammography results, additional imaging, and biopsies among a general population of women screened for breast cancer. They found that false-positive mammography results and additional imaging are common, particularly for younger women and those with risk factors, whereas biopsies occur less often. Rates of false-negative results are low.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015I.
Citation: Nelson HD, O'Meara ES, Kerlikowske K .
Factors associated with rates of false-positive and false-negative results from digital mammography screening: an analysis of registry data.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Feb 16;164(4):226-35. doi: 10.7326/m15-0971.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Imaging, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Women, Screening, Prevention
Patel J, Yopp A, Waljee AK
Development and internal validation of a model for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.
The authors sought to derive and validate a model to accurately distinguish cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compare the accuracy of the model to that of α-fetoprotein (AFP) alone. They found that models including AFP and FIB-4 can accurately discriminate cirrhotic patients with early-stage HCC from those without HCC.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Patel J, Yopp A, Waljee AK .
Development and internal validation of a model for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.
J Clin Gastroenterol 2016 Feb;50(2):175-9. doi: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000377.
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Keywords: Cancer, Shared Decision Making, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Patel R, Lim RP, Saric M
Diagnostic performance of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography in evaluation of cardiac and paracardiac masses.
The researchers evaluated the predictive value of echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging parameters to identify tumors and malignancy and to provide histopathologic diagnosis of cardiac masses. They found that CMR identified 6 masses missed on transthoracic echocardiography (4 of which were outside the heart) and provided significantly more correct histopathologic diagnoses compared to echocardiography (77 percent vs 43 percent).
AHRQ-funded; HS019473.
Citation: Patel R, Lim RP, Saric M .
Diagnostic performance of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography in evaluation of cardiac and paracardiac masses.
Am J Cardiol 2016 Jan;117(1):135-40. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.10.014..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Cardiovascular Conditions, Imaging, Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness