National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Adverse Events (3)
- Antibiotics (6)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (3)
- Caregiving (1)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Guidelines (1)
- (-) Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (8)
- Hospitals (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Infectious Diseases (2)
- Injuries and Wounds (2)
- Medical Errors (1)
- (-) Medication (8)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
- Nursing (1)
- Nursing Homes (1)
- Outcomes (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (1)
- (-) Patient Safety (8)
- Prevention (2)
- Risk (1)
- Surgery (3)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedAnderson DJ, Watson S, Moehring RW
Feasibility of core antimicrobial stewardship interventions in community hospitals.
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and results of implementing 2 core stewardship intervention strategies in community hospitals. The two antimicrobial stewardship strategies targeted vancomycin hydrochloride, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the antipseudomonal carbapenems on formulary at the study hospitals: (1) modified preauthorization (PA), in which the prescriber had to receive pharmacist approval for continued use of the antibiotic after the first dose, and (2) postprescription audit and review (PPR), in which the pharmacist would engage the prescriber about antibiotic appropriateness after 72 hours of therapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Anderson DJ, Watson S, Moehring RW .
Feasibility of core antimicrobial stewardship interventions in community hospitals.
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and results of implementing 2 core stewardship intervention strategies in community hospitals. The two antimicrobial stewardship strategies targeted vancomycin hydrochloride, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the antipseudomonal carbapenems on formulary at the study hospitals: (1) modified preauthorization (PA), in which the prescriber had to receive pharmacist approval for continued use of the antibiotic after the first dose, and (2) postprescription audit and review (PPR), in which the pharmacist would engage the prescriber about antibiotic appropriateness after 72 hours of therapy..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Patient Safety
Monsees EA, Tamma PD, Cosgrove SE
AHRQ Author: Miller MA
Integrating bedside nurses into antibiotic stewardship: a practical approach.
This study looked into a framework for nurses to integrate antibiotic stewardship (AS) into their clinical work with patients. The practices that nurses can take include improving antibiotic prescribing practices through appropriate obtainment of Cloistridioides difficile tests, appropriate urine culturing practices, optimal antibiotic administration, accurate and detailed documentation of antibiotic allergy histories, and through the prompting of antibiotic time outs. Barriers were also identified to engagement of nurses in AS and offered potential solutions.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 233201500020I.
Citation: Monsees EA, Tamma PD, Cosgrove SE .
Integrating bedside nurses into antibiotic stewardship: a practical approach.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 May;40(5):579-84. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.362..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Guidelines, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Medication, Nursing, Patient Safety
McBride S, Thurm C, Gouripeddi R
Comparison of empiric antibiotics for acute osteomyelitis in children.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are commonly used for the empiric treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and often target methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with medication-associated risk and unknown treatment benefit. In this study, the investigators aimed to compare clinical outcomes among patients with osteomyelitis who did and did not receive initial antibiotics used to target MRSA. The investigators found that, early antibiotic treatment used to target MRSA was associated with a higher rate of repeat MRI.
AHRQ-funded; HS019862.
Citation: McBride S, Thurm C, Gouripeddi R .
Comparison of empiric antibiotics for acute osteomyelitis in children.
Hosp Pediatr 2018 May;8(5):280-87. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2017-0079..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Antibiotics, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Medication, Imaging, Patient Safety
Johnson SP, Zhong L, Chung KC
Perioperative antibiotics for clean hand surgery: a national study.
This research is a national study on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in soft tissue hand surgery when antimicrobials are not indicated. Insurance claims from the Truven MarketScan Databases were used to identify patients who had 1 of 5 outpatient surgery procedures including: open or endoscopic carpal tunnel release; trigger finger release; de Ouervain release, and wrist ganglion excision between 2009 and 2015. An increase of 72.5% in prophylactic intravenous antibiotics was shown from 2009 to 2015. Patients with a younger age, male sex, lower income, or obesity had higher odds of receiving antibiotics. Total charge for these antibiotics equaled $1.6 million.
AHRQ-funded; HS023313.
Citation: Johnson SP, Zhong L, Chung KC .
Perioperative antibiotics for clean hand surgery: a national study.
J Hand Surg Am 2018 May;43(5):407-16.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.11.018..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Medication, Patient Safety, Surgery
Cox ED, Hansen K, Rajamanickam VP
Are parents who feel the need to watch over their children's care better patient safety partners?
In this study, the investigators assessed whether needing to watch over care predicted parent performance of recommended safety behaviors to reduce medication errors and health care-associated infections. The researchers concluded that parents who reported the need to watch over care were more likely to perform behaviors specific to safe medication use (but not hand hygiene) compared with those not reporting this need.
AHRQ-funded; HS018680.
Citation: Cox ED, Hansen K, Rajamanickam VP .
Are parents who feel the need to watch over their children's care better patient safety partners?
Hosp Pediatr 2017 Dec;7(12):716-22. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2017-0036..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Caregiving, Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Medical Errors, Medication, Patient Safety
Olsen MA, Nickel KB, Fraser VJ
Prevalence and predictors of postdischarge antibiotic use following mastectomy.
This study determined utilization, predictors, and outcomes of postdischarge prophylactic antibiotics after mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction. The study conclude that prophylactic postdischarge antibiotics are commonly prescribed after mastectomy; immediate reconstruction is the strongest predictor. The authors recommended stewardship efforts in this population to limit continuation of prophylactic antibiotics after discharge are needed to limit antimicrobial resistance.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Olsen MA, Nickel KB, Fraser VJ .
Prevalence and predictors of postdischarge antibiotic use following mastectomy.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017 Sep;38(9):1048-54. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.128.
.
.
Keywords: Antibiotics, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Medication, Patient Safety, Surgery, Injuries and Wounds, Prevention, Adverse Events, Risk
Obremskey WT, Schmidt AH, O'Toole RV
A prospective randomized trial to assess oral versus intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative wound infection after extremity fractures (POvIV study).
The POvIV study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial to compare oral (PO) with intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy in patients with postoperative wound infections after extremity fractures. This study will be the largest prospective randomized trial to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of PO antibiotic use for treatment of postoperative wound infections. Results will inform clinician decisions on antibiotic delivery in patients with postoperative wound infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Obremskey WT, Schmidt AH, O'Toole RV .
A prospective randomized trial to assess oral versus intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative wound infection after extremity fractures (POvIV study).
J Orthop Trauma 2017 Apr;31 Suppl 1:S32-s38. doi: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000802.
.
.
Keywords: Antibiotics, Surgery, Injuries and Wounds, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Patient Safety, Adverse Events, Prevention, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes
Kahvecioglu D, Ramiah K, McMaughan D
Multidrug-resistant organism infections in US nursing homes: a national study of prevalence, onset, and transmission across care settings, October 1, 2010-December 31, 2011.
The investigators sought to understand the prevalence of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections among nursing home (NH) residents and the potential for their spread between NHs and acute care hospitals (ACHs). They found that, although NHs are the most likely setting where residents would acquire MDROs after admission to an NH, a significant fraction of NH residents acquire MDRO infection at ACHs, suggesting a need for effective MDRO infection control for NH residents with simultaneous, cooperative interventions among NHs and ACHs in the same community.
AHRQ-funded; HS019989.
Citation: Kahvecioglu D, Ramiah K, McMaughan D .
Multidrug-resistant organism infections in US nursing homes: a national study of prevalence, onset, and transmission across care settings, October 1, 2010-December 31, 2011.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014 Oct;35 Suppl 3:S48-55. doi: 10.1086/677835.
.
.
Keywords: Elderly, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Medication, Nursing Homes, Patient Safety