National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (2)
- Adverse Events (2)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- Antibiotics (2)
- Asthma (2)
- Care Management (1)
- Children/Adolescents (4)
- Disparities (1)
- (-) Emergency Department (9)
- Hospital Discharge (1)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (2)
- Inpatient Care (1)
- (-) Medication (9)
- Medication: Safety (1)
- Opioids (3)
- Pain (1)
- Patient Safety (2)
- Practice Patterns (3)
- Provider (1)
- Provider: Physician (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Registries (2)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Sepsis (1)
- Skin Conditions (2)
- Treatments (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 9 of 9 Research Studies DisplayedMohr NM, Pape SG, Runde D
Etomidate use is associated with less hypotension than ketamine for emergency department sepsis intubations: a NEAR cohort study.
The objectives of this study were to describe the current use of etomidate and other induction agents in patients with sepsis and to compare adverse events between etomidate and ketamine in sepsis. Using the National Emergency Airway Registry data set, findings showed that etomidate is used less frequently in sepsis patients than in non-sepsis patients, with ketamine being the most frequently used alternative. Further, ketamine was associated with more postprocedural hypotension than etomidate. Recommendations included future clinical trials to determine the optimal induction agent in patients with sepsis.
AHRQ-funded; HS025753.
Citation: Mohr NM, Pape SG, Runde D .
Etomidate use is associated with less hypotension than ketamine for emergency department sepsis intubations: a NEAR cohort study.
Acad Emerg Med 2020 Nov;27(11):1140-49. doi: 10.1111/acem.14070..
Keywords: Medication, Sepsis, Emergency Department, Registries, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events
Wentz AE, Wang RRC, Marshall BDL
Variation in opioid analgesia administration and discharge prescribing for emergency department patients with suspected urolithiasis.
Previous research has suggested caution about opioid analgesic usage in the emergency department (ED) setting and raised concerns about variations in prescription opioid analgesic usage, both across institutions and for whom they are prescribed. In this study, the investigators examined opioid analgesic usage in ED patients with suspected urolithiasis across fifteen participating hospitals. They found marked hospital-level differences in opioid analgesic administration and prescribing, as well as associations with education, healthcare insurance, and race/ethnicity groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS019312.
Citation: Wentz AE, Wang RRC, Marshall BDL .
Variation in opioid analgesia administration and discharge prescribing for emergency department patients with suspected urolithiasis.
Am J Emerg Med 2020 Oct;38(10):2119-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.016..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Emergency Department, Practice Patterns, Hospital Discharge
Drendel AL, Brousseau DC, Casper TC
Opioid prescription patterns at emergency department discharge for children with fractures.
The authors sought to measure the variability in discharge opioid prescription practices for children discharged from the emergency department (ED) with a long-bone fracture. They found that, for children with a long-bone fracture, discharge opioid prescription varied widely by ED site of care. In addition, black patients, Hispanic patients, and patients with government insurance were less likely to be prescribed opioids. This variability in opioid prescribing was not accounted for by patient- or injury-related factors that are associated with increased pain.
AHRQ-funded; HS020270.
Citation: Drendel AL, Brousseau DC, Casper TC .
Opioid prescription patterns at emergency department discharge for children with fractures.
Pain Med 2020 Sep;21(9):1947-54. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz348..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Opioids, Medication, Emergency Department, Injuries and Wounds, Practice Patterns
Cotter JM, Tyler A, Reese J
Steroid variability in pediatric inpatient asthmatics: survey on provider preferences of dexamethasone versus prednisone.
This study looked at pediatric emergency department (ED) inpatient use of dexamethasone versus prednisone by providers for asthma treatment. A survey was distributed to providers who care for inpatient asthmatics. Ninety-two providers completed the survey. When patients received dexamethasone in the ED, 44% continued dexamethasone, 14% switched to prednisone, 2% stopped steroid use, and 40% said it depended on the circumstances. Hospitalists were significantly more likely to continue dexamethasone than pulmonologists (61% versus 15%). Switching to prednisone included factors such as severity of exacerbation (73%) and asthma history (47%). Just over half of providers (5f1%) felt uncomfortable using dexamethasone because of “minimal data to support [its] use inpatient.”
AHRQ-funded; HS026512.
Citation: Cotter JM, Tyler A, Reese J .
Steroid variability in pediatric inpatient asthmatics: survey on provider preferences of dexamethasone versus prednisone.
J Asthma 2020 Sep;57(9):942-48. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1622713..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Respiratory Conditions, Medication, Inpatient Care, Care Management, Hospitalization, Emergency Department, Practice Patterns, Provider: Physician, Provider
Fritz SA, Shapiro DJ, Hersh AL
National trends in incidence of purulent skin and soft tissue infections in patients presenting to ambulatory and emergency department settings, 2000-2015.
This study looked at national trends in the incidence of outpatient visits for skin infections from 2000-2015, which peaked in 2010-2013, followed by a plateau in 2014 and 2015. Cephalexin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic at the beginning of the study, with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole then becoming the most frequently prescribed by the end of the study period.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Fritz SA, Shapiro DJ, Hersh AL .
National trends in incidence of purulent skin and soft tissue infections in patients presenting to ambulatory and emergency department settings, 2000-2015.
Clin Infect Dis 2020 Jun 10;70(12):2715-18. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz977..
Keywords: Skin Conditions, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Emergency Department, Antibiotics, Medication
Johnson MD, Zorc JJ, Nelson DS
Intravenous magnesium in asthma pharmacotherapy: variability in use in the PECARN Registry.
Researchers examined the use, efficacy, and safety of intravenous magnesium sulfate (IVMg) in children with asthma whose emergency department (ED) management is recorded in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) Registry. They found that, in PECARN Registry EDs, administration of IVMg occurred late in ED treatment, for a minority of the children likely to benefit, with variation between sites, which suggested the current clinical role for IVMg in preventing hospitalization was limited. Discharge after IVMg administration would likely be safe. They recommended further research to assess the efficacy and safety of early IVMg administration.
AHRQ-funded; HS020270.
Citation: Johnson MD, Zorc JJ, Nelson DS .
Intravenous magnesium in asthma pharmacotherapy: variability in use in the PECARN Registry.
J Pediatr 2020 May;220:165-74.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.01.062..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Medication, Emergency Department, Registries, Treatments, Patient Safety, Medication: Safety
Goyal MK, Johnson TJ, Chamberlain JM
Racial and ethnic differences in emergency department pain management of children with fractures.
Researchers tested the hypotheses that minority children with long-bone fractures are less likely to receive analgesics, to receive opioid analgesics, and to achieve pain reduction. Using data from the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry, they found that there are differences in process and outcome measures by race and ethnicity in the emergency department management of pain among children with long-bone fractures. Although minority children are more likely to receive analgesics and achieve reduction in pain, they are less likely to receive opioids and achieve optimal pain reduction.
AHRQ-funded; HS020270.
Citation: Goyal MK, Johnson TJ, Chamberlain JM .
Racial and ethnic differences in emergency department pain management of children with fractures.
Pediatrics 2020 May;145(5):e20193370. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3370..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Emergency Department, Pain, Injuries and Wounds, Medication, Opioids, Disparities
Griffey RT, Schneider RM, Todorov AA
Adverse events present on arrival to the emergency department: the ED as a dual safety net.
This study examined the prevalence of adverse events due to medication-related or patient care-related events that present on arrival (POA) to the emergency department (ED). This retrospective observation study tested the ED Trigger Tool from data at an urban academic medical center. Adults who completed an ED visit were eligible (N=92,859). A total of 5,582 visits gave a trigger. The majority of AEs (1,181) identified were from patients who were white and older. In total, POA AEs accounted for an estimated 7.65% of ED visits.
AHRQ-funded; HS025052.
Citation: Griffey RT, Schneider RM, Todorov AA .
Adverse events present on arrival to the emergency department: the ED as a dual safety net.
Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2020 Apr;46(4):192-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2019.12.003..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Emergency Department, Medication, Patient Safety, Quality of Care
Baxa J, McCreary E, Schulz L
Finding the niche: an interprofessional approach to defining oritavancin use criteria in the emergency department.
This study’s purpose was to identify a population of emergency department (ED) patients with cellulitis who would be the most appropriate to receive oritavancin which is a novel, broad-spectrum antibiotic. This antibiotic is given in one dose for the entire treatment course. A retrospective cohort study of cellulitis patients was conducted at a Midwest healthcare system with 2 EDs. All adult patients admitted from the ED to an inpatient ward were reviewed over a 1-year period. Potentially avoidable admissions (PAAs) were identified and characterized. Out of 86 patients, nine were deemed a PAA. The majority had at last one risk factor for treatment failure (55% with diabetes mellitus) and they were significantly younger than the non-PAA group. In other respects there was no difference between the two groups for non-age demographics and other risk factors or length of stay.
AHRQ-funded; HS024342.
Citation: Baxa J, McCreary E, Schulz L .
Finding the niche: an interprofessional approach to defining oritavancin use criteria in the emergency department.
Am J Emerg Med 2020 Feb;38(2):321-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.158442..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Skin Conditions, Antibiotics, Medication