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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 3 of 3 Research Studies DisplayedHan X, Spicer A, Carey KA
Identifying high-risk subphenotypes and associated harms from delayed antibiotic orders and delivery.
Delayed antibiotic use can cause harms including mortality in certain novel patient subphenotypes. This study’s objective was to characterize and compare patients who experienced order or delivery delays and identify those novel subphenotypes with elevated risk of harm from delays. Two tertiary care medical centers and four community-based hospitals were analyzed retrospectively from 2008 to 2017. Patient demographics, vitals, laboratory values, medical order and administration times, and in-hospital survival data were obtained from their electronic health records. Order and delivery delays for each admission was calculated. Causal forests, a machine learning method, was used to identify the high-risk subgroup. Out of 60,817 admissions included, delays occurred in 58% of patients. Each additional hour of order delay and delivery delay was associated with increased mortality. A patient subgroup was identified with higher comorbidity burden, greater organ dysfunction, and abnormal initial lactate measures that had a higher risk of death associated with delays.
AHRQ-funded; HS027910; HS026151.
Citation: Han X, Spicer A, Carey KA .
Identifying high-risk subphenotypes and associated harms from delayed antibiotic orders and delivery.
Crit Care Med 2021 Oct;49(10):1694-705. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005054..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Sepsis
Kadri SS, Lai YL, Warner S
Inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for bloodstream infections based on discordant in-vitro susceptibilities: a retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and mortality risk in US hospitals.
Researchers sought to establish the population-level burden, predictors, and mortality risk of in-vitro susceptibility-discordant empirical antibiotic therapy among patients with bloodstream infections. They found that approximately one in five patients with bloodstream infections in US hospitals received discordant empirical antibiotic therapy, receipt of which was closely associated with infection with antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Receiving discordant empirical antibiotic therapy was associated with increased odds of mortality overall, even in patients without sepsis. They concluded that early identification of bloodstream pathogens and resistance will probably improve population-level outcomes.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Kadri SS, Lai YL, Warner S .
Inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for bloodstream infections based on discordant in-vitro susceptibilities: a retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and mortality risk in US hospitals.
Lancet Infect Dis 2021 Feb;21(2):241-51. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30477-1..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Sepsis, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Mortality, Risk
Tamma PD, Miller MA, Cosgrove SE
AHRQ Author: Miller MA
Recalibrating our approach to the management of sepsis: how the four moments of antibiotic decision-making can help.
In this paper, the authors describe The Four Moments of Antibiotic Decision Making. The Four Moments were conceived as part of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Safety Program for Improving Antibiotic Use. The Four Moments provide a pragmatic approach to the core principle of antibiotic stewardship – ensuring patients who require antibiotic therapy promptly receive regimens associated with clinical success, while protecting patients from potential harm associated with unnecessary exposure to antibiotics.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 233201500020I.
Citation: Tamma PD, Miller MA, Cosgrove SE .
Recalibrating our approach to the management of sepsis: how the four moments of antibiotic decision-making can help.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021 Feb;18(2):200-03. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202005-484IP..
Keywords: Sepsis, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Shared Decision Making, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety