National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedHuang RJ, Epplein M, Hamashima C
An approach to the primary and secondary prevention of gastric cancer in the United States.
In 2020, a summit was convened at Stanford University to address the disparity of gastric cancer as a leading cause of mortality among certain racial, ethnic and immigrant groups in the United States, and the absence of a national strategy for addressing gastric cancer prevention. A working group was formed to conduct a structured literature review to critically evaluate the effectiveness, potential benefits, and potential harms of methods of primary and secondary prevention. The purpose of this article was to provide a consensus statement from that group. The authors found that the distribution of gastric cancer rates is highly inequitable and falls primarily on Asian, African American, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaskan Native populations. The group concluded that there is an urgent need for cancer prevention trials in high-risk minority populations in the United States.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Huang RJ, Epplein M, Hamashima C .
An approach to the primary and secondary prevention of gastric cancer in the United States.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022 Oct;20(10):2218-28.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.09.039..
Keywords: Cancer, Digestive Disease and Health, Prevention
Shah SC, Zhu X, Dai Q
Magnesium intake is associated with a reduced risk of incident liver cancer, based on an analysis of the NIH-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study prospective cohort.
Liver cancer incidence and mortality are escalating globally. Magnesium intake has been studied extensively in nonmalignant liver pathology, but the association between dietary intake of magnesium and primary liver malignancy has not been previously evaluated. In this study, investigators aimed to determine the association between total magnesium intake and primary liver cancer risk. The investigators concluded that based on their prospective cohort analysis, magnesium intake was associated with a lower risk of primary liver cancer, which was more pronounced among moderate and heavy alcohol users.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Shah SC, Zhu X, Dai Q .
Magnesium intake is associated with a reduced risk of incident liver cancer, based on an analysis of the NIH-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study prospective cohort.
Am J Clin Nutr 2021 Mar 11;113(3):630-38. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa326..
Keywords: Cancer, Risk, Digestive Disease and Health, Prevention
Shah SC, Itzkowitz SH
Reappraising risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplasia: implications for colonoscopic surveillance in IBD.
One of the most feared complications of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]-associated colitis is colorectal cancer. An opportunity for early detection is being missed in a group that is overlooked as high-risk, as a substantial proportion of colorectal cancers are being diagnosed in individuals with colonic IBD who have disease duration shorter than when guidelines recommend surveillance initiation. In this study, the investigators discuss a viewpoint that supports a paradigm shift that will ideally result in a more effective and higher-value colorectal cancer prevention approach in IBD.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Shah SC, Itzkowitz SH .
Reappraising risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplasia: implications for colonoscopic surveillance in IBD.
J Crohns Colitis 2020 Sep 7;14(8):1172-77. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa040..
Keywords: Digestive Disease and Health, Risk, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Colonoscopy, Prevention, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Screening
Shah SC, Dai Zhu, X
Associations between calcium and magnesium intake and the risk of incident gastric cancer: a prospective cohort analysis of the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study.
Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Identifying dietary and other modifiable disease determinants has important implications for risk attenuation in susceptible individuals. The primary aim of the investigators was to estimate the association between dietary and supplemental intakes of calcium and magnesium and the risk of incident gastric cancer. They conducted a prospective cohort analysis of the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Shah SC, Dai Zhu, X .
Associations between calcium and magnesium intake and the risk of incident gastric cancer: a prospective cohort analysis of the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study.
Int J Cancer 2020 Jun 1;146(11):2999-3010. doi: 10.1002/ijc.32659..
Keywords: Cancer, Digestive Disease and Health, Risk, Prevention, Nutrition, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Leeds IL, DiBrito SR, Canner JK
Cost-benefit limitations of extended, outpatient venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following surgery for Crohn's disease.
This goal of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of extended prophylaxis in patients with Crohn's disease after abdominal surgery. A decision tree model was used to assess cost-effectiveness and cost-per-case averted with extended-duration venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following abdominal surgery. Results showed that extended prophylaxis in patients with Crohn's disease postoperatively is not cost-effective when the cumulative incidence of posthospital thrombosis remains less than 4.9%. These findings are driven by the low absolute risk of thrombosis in this population and the considerable cost of universal treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS024547.
Citation: Leeds IL, DiBrito SR, Canner JK .
Cost-benefit limitations of extended, outpatient venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following surgery for Crohn's disease.
Dis Colon Rectum 2019 Nov;62(11):1371-80. doi: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001461..
Keywords: Prevention, Digestive Disease and Health, Surgery, Healthcare Costs, Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Blood Clots, Shared Decision Making, Medication
Gephart SM, Hanson C, Wetzel CM
NEC-zero recommendations from scoping review of evidence to prevent and foster timely recognition of necrotizing enterocolitis.
The purpose of this paper is to present a scoping review with two new meta-analyses, clinical recommendations, and implementation strategies to prevent and foster timely recognition of necrotizing enterocolitis. The researchers conducted a stakeholder-engaged scoping review to classify strength of evidence and form implementation recommendations across subgroup areas: 1) promoting human milk, 2) feeding protocols and transfusion, 3) timely recognition strategies, and 4) medication stewardship.
AHRQ-funded; HS022908.
Citation: Gephart SM, Hanson C, Wetzel CM .
NEC-zero recommendations from scoping review of evidence to prevent and foster timely recognition of necrotizing enterocolitis.
Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2017 Dec;3:23. doi: 10.1186/s40748-017-0062-0.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Digestive Disease and Health, Guidelines, Newborns/Infants, Prevention
Balbale SN, Trivedi I, O'Dwyer LC
Strategies to identify and reduce opioid misuse among patients with gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic scoping review.
In this study, the investigators conducted a systematic scoping review to describe published scientific literature on strategies to identify and reduce opioid misuse among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and disorders. They concluded that prescription drug monitoring and self-management interventions may be promising strategies to identify and reduce opioid misuse in GI care. They suggest that rigorous, empirical research is needed to evaluate the longer-term impact of these strategies.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Balbale SN, Trivedi I, O'Dwyer LC .
Strategies to identify and reduce opioid misuse among patients with gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic scoping review.
Dig Dis Sci 2017 Oct;62(10):2668-85. doi: 10.1007/s10620-017-4705-9..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Chronic Conditions, Digestive Disease and Health, Medication, Medication: Safety, Opioids, Patient Self-Management, Prevention, Substance Abuse
Symer MM, Abelson JS, Milsom J
A mobile health application to track patients after gastrointestinal surgery: results from a pilot study.
Many surgical readmissions are preventable. Mobile health technology can identify nascent complications and potentially prevent readmission. The researchers performed a pilot study of a new mobile health application in adults undergoing major abdominal surgery and determined the app can track patient recovery from major abdominal surgery, is easy to use, and has potential to improve outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Symer MM, Abelson JS, Milsom J .
A mobile health application to track patients after gastrointestinal surgery: results from a pilot study.
J Gastrointest Surg 2017 Sep;21(9):1500-05. doi: 10.1007/s11605-017-3482-2..
Keywords: Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Hospital Readmissions, Surgery, Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Digestive Disease and Health, Prevention