National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Topics
- Access to Care (1)
- Alcohol Use (2)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Behavioral Health (8)
- Blood Pressure (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (2)
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- Disparities (4)
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- Health Services Research (HSR) (5)
- Health Status (1)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (4)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
- Inpatient Care (1)
- Lifestyle Changes (1)
- Low-Income (1)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) (1)
- Medication (3)
- Nutrition (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
- Opioids (2)
- Outcomes (2)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (3)
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- Primary Care: Models of Care (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (4)
- Research Methodologies (2)
- Risk (3)
- Sexual Health (1)
- Shared Decision Making (1)
- Sickle Cell Disease (1)
- Social Determinants of Health (2)
- Social Media (3)
- Social Stigma (1)
- Stress (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Substance Abuse (4)
- Surgery (1)
- Teams (1)
- Telehealth (3)
- Tobacco Use (1)
- Transitions of Care (1)
- Transplantation (1)
- Trauma (1)
- Vulnerable Populations (1)
- Web-Based (1)
- Women (3)
- (-) Young Adults (31)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 31 Research Studies DisplayedFitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eichen DM, Kass AE
Reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid pathology among women at very high risk for eating disorder onset.
This study examined short-term reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid symptoms and behaviors over the course of 24 months using cross-lagged panel models. Subjects were women 18-25 years old at high risk for onset of an eating disorder (ED), randomized to an online ED preventive intervention or waitlist control. Results supported focusing intervention on reducing weight/shape concern over reducing comorbid constructs for efficient short-term change.
AHRQ-funded; HS00078.
Citation: Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eichen DM, Kass AE .
Reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid pathology among women at very high risk for eating disorder onset.
Eat Weight Disord 2019 Dec;24(6):1189-98. doi: 10.1007/s40519-017-0469-7..
Keywords: Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Women, Risk, Behavioral Health, Young Adults
Zullo AR, Adams JW, Gantenberg JR
Examining neighborhood poverty-based disparities in HIV/STI prevalence: an analysis of Add Health data.
The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of exposure to neighborhood poverty in adolescence on HIV/STI prevalence in early adulthood. The investigators found that strong evidence for neighborhood poverty-based differences in HIV/STI prevalence was not observed. They suggest that researchers should continue to investigate the effect of neighborhood-level socioeconomic position measures and, if warranted, identify etiologically relevant exposure periods.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Zullo AR, Adams JW, Gantenberg JR .
Examining neighborhood poverty-based disparities in HIV/STI prevalence: an analysis of Add Health data.
Ann Epidemiol 2019 Nov;39:8-14.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.09.010..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations, Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Infectious Diseases, Young Adults, Health Status
Ellis C, Phillips R, Hill T
Social network structure in young stroke survivors with aphasia: a case series report.
The purpose of this study was to profile the social networks of four young adult stroke survivors with aphasia. Results showed that pre-stroke friendships were dissolved or reduced at the onset of aphasia. The most impaired persons with aphasia spent most of their days in isolation without a consistent communication partner. This study result suggests that young adult stroke survivors with aphasia have significant changes in their social network structure after stroke, but it is unclear if the observed change in social network structure is more related to age or level of communication impairment.
AHRQ-funded; HS025043.
Citation: Ellis C, Phillips R, Hill T .
Social network structure in young stroke survivors with aphasia: a case series report.
Semin Speech Lang 2019 Nov;40(5):359-69. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1688695..
Keywords: Stroke, Young Adults
Mogul DB, Fredericks EM, Brady TM
Digital wings: innovations in transition readiness for adolescent and young adult transplant recipients.
This article reports on two multi-stakeholder symposia organized by The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine on February 2, 2018, and January 11, 2019, to address the problem of high graft failure in adolescent and young adult solid organ transplant recipients. Additionally, data collected from recipients demonstrated a substantial gap in how this population uses technologies for health-related activities, alongside an increased interest in an app to help them manage their transplant.
AHRQ-funded; HS023876.
Citation: Mogul DB, Fredericks EM, Brady TM .
Digital wings: innovations in transition readiness for adolescent and young adult transplant recipients.
Transplantation 2019 Oct;103(10):1970-74. doi: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002749..
Keywords: Transplantation, Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Surgery, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Wooldridge A, Carayon P, Hoonakker P
Complexity of the pediatric trauma care process: implications for multi-level awareness.
Trauma is the leading cause of disability and death in children and young adults in the US. While much is known about the medical aspects of inpatient pediatric trauma care, not much is known about the processes and roles involved in in-hospital care. Using human factors engineering (HFE) methods, the investigators combined interview, archival document and trauma registry data to describe how intra-hospital care transitions affect process and team complexity.
AHRQ-funded; HS023837.
Citation: Wooldridge A, Carayon P, Hoonakker P .
Complexity of the pediatric trauma care process: implications for multi-level awareness.
Cogn Technol Work 2019 Aug;21(3):397-416. doi: 10.1007/s10111-018-0520-0..
Keywords: Care Coordination, Children/Adolescents, Critical Care, Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Delivery, Inpatient Care, Patient Safety, Teams, Trauma, Young Adults
Rosenberg SM, Vaz-Luis I, Gong J
Employment trends in young women following a breast cancer diagnosis.
This cohort study examined employment trends in young women (age 40 or less) following a breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. The participants were 911 women who were enrolled in the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Study with non-metastatic breast cancer who were surveyed about employment-related outcomes 1 year post-diagnosis. Most women (80%) were employed 1 year after diagnosis. Among employed women, 7% said treatment affected their job performance. Seven percent of women reported unemployment at 1 year, with half of them reporting health reasons for their unemployment. Women with Stage 3 disease, and those who reporting having money to pay bills after cutting back or difficulty paying bills at baseline were more likely to be unemployed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023680.
Citation: Rosenberg SM, Vaz-Luis I, Gong J .
Employment trends in young women following a breast cancer diagnosis.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019 Aug;177(1):207-14. doi: 10.1007/s10549-019-05293-x..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Women, Young Adults
Chen YT, Issema RS, Khanna AS
Prescription opioid use in a population-based sample of young black men who have sex with men: a longitudinal cohort study.
This study’s aim was to examine the prevalence and both individual and network characteristics of prescription opioid use (POU) among young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). A total of 514 YBMSM ages 16-29 in Chicago were surveyed from 2013 to 2016. Approximately 4.2% YBMSM reported POU in the past 12 months. Young men with a criminal history, experiencing violence, or using any illicit drug other than marijuana in the past 12 months, or engaging in condomless anal sex with their named sexual partners were more likely to report POU. The presence of a mother figure was associated with a decreased risk of POU.
AHRQ-funded; HS022433.
Citation: Chen YT, Issema RS, Khanna AS .
Prescription opioid use in a population-based sample of young black men who have sex with men: a longitudinal cohort study.
Subst Use Misuse 2019;54(12):1991-2000. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1625400..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Young Adults
Javier SJ, Belgrave FZ
"I'm not white, I have to be pretty and skinny": a qualitative exploration of body image and eating disorders among Asian American women.
The authors examined the relationships between body image, eating disorders, and treatment-seeking motivations among Asian American women ages 18-24. Using focus groups, they developed a model to be utilized by practitioners or clinicians to help obtain a better understanding of the societal, interpersonal, and intrapersonal forces that may shape conceptualizations about body image and eating behaviors among Asian American women. In addition, findings from this study can be incorporated into prevention programs and interventions that focus on mental health among this population.
AHRQ-funded; HS023731.
Citation: Javier SJ, Belgrave FZ .
"I'm not white, I have to be pretty and skinny": a qualitative exploration of body image and eating disorders among Asian American women.
Asian Am J Psychol 2019 Jun;10(2):141-53. doi: 10.1037/aap0000133..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women, Young Adults
Skaathun B, Voisin DR, Cornwell B
A longitudinal examination of factors associated with network bridging among YMSM: implications for HIV prevention.
In this study, the investigators examined the link between social-environmental factors, network composition and HIV risk among a city-population based sample of young Black men who have sex with Men (YBMSM). The investigators found that bridging (i.e. having non-redundant contacts in one's network, indicating network instability) was associated with adverse social-environmental factors and higher HIV risk, indicating that bridging may be on the explanatory pathway.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Skaathun B, Voisin DR, Cornwell B .
A longitudinal examination of factors associated with network bridging among YMSM: implications for HIV prevention.
AIDS Behav 2019 May;23(5):1326-38. doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2258-3..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Young Adults, Risk, Sexual Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Wisk LE, Nelson EB, Magane KM
Clinical trial recruitment and retention of college students with type 1 diabetes via social media: an implementation case study.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the efficiency and acceptability of Internet-based recruitment for engaging college-students with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to describe the approach used for implementing a health-related trial entirely online using off-the-shelf Internet tools. Young people aged 17-25 years with T1D were recruited through social media platforms and other outreach channels; Facebook was the highest yield recruitment source. Demographics differed by platform. Response rate and participant characteristics were quantified and engagement metrics tracked via Google Analytics and participant survey data. The researchers conclude that recruitment of college students with T1D for a trial via social media is feasible, efficient, acceptable, and yields a sample that represents the user-base from which they were drawn.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Wisk LE, Nelson EB, Magane KM .
Clinical trial recruitment and retention of college students with type 1 diabetes via social media: an implementation case study.
J Diabetes Sci Technol 2019 May;13(3):445-56. doi: 10.1177/1932296819839503..
Keywords: Diabetes, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies, Social Media, Young Adults
Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ
Real-time demonstration of a mHealth app designed to reduce college students hazardous drinking.
The authors developed a smartphone application (SmarTrek) that targets college students and aims to reduce risky alcohol use. They found that the majority of participants agreed that SmarTrek was easy to use and that the information provided was useful and had a positive effect on decreasing their drinking.
AHRQ-funded; HS023875.
Citation: Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ .
Real-time demonstration of a mHealth app designed to reduce college students hazardous drinking.
Psychol Serv 2019 May;16(2):255-59. doi: 10.1037/ser0000310..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Behavioral Health, Lifestyle Changes, Health Information Technology (HIT), Substance Abuse, Telehealth, Young Adults
Perez S, Greenzang KA
Completion of adolescent cancer treatment: excitement, guilt, and anxiety.
The completion of cancer treatment in adolescents and young adults is a time that many patients and families approach with hope and excitement but is often tinged with anxiety and fear. In this paper, the authors present a young man’s personal experience moving from treatment to survivorship as well as that of his oncologist, and together we offer recommendations for supporting children and teenagers with serious illness at the completion of therapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Perez S, Greenzang KA .
Completion of adolescent cancer treatment: excitement, guilt, and anxiety.
Pediatrics 2019 Mar;143(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3073..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Anxiety, Clinician-Patient Communication
Adrian M, Moreno M, Nicodimos S
Research strategy for health sciences: Facebook friend request is non-differentially accepted in a diverse, young adult population.
The aim of this study was to report on overall success of recruiting young adults in diverse settings, with respect to education and employment, into a study using Facebook (FB). The investigators assert that friending through FB is a feasible way to reach young adults involved in health and behavioral research, and could be a way to expand the populations that are studied in health science research to maximize generalizability of the conclusions drawn.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Adrian M, Moreno M, Nicodimos S .
Research strategy for health sciences: Facebook friend request is non-differentially accepted in a diverse, young adult population.
Nurs Health Sci 2019 Mar;21(1):71-77. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12557..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies, Social Media, Young Adults
Chu KH, Escobar-Viera CG, Matheny SJ
Tobacco cessation mobile app intervention (Just Kwit! study): protocol for a pilot randomized controlled pragmatic trial.
The aims of this pilot study were to assess the impact on tobacco cessation of using a smartphone app compared with usual care and to generate feasibility data to inform a future fully powered clinical trial. The authors suggest that data generated by this study can be used for larger fully powered trials such as comparative effectiveness studies against apps developed by academics or health scientists based on behavioral theories, or cost-effectiveness analyses of mobile interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS022989.
Citation: Chu KH, Escobar-Viera CG, Matheny SJ .
Tobacco cessation mobile app intervention (Just Kwit! study): protocol for a pilot randomized controlled pragmatic trial.
Trials 2019 Feb 26;20(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3246-2..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Tobacco Use, Young Adults
Lipton BJ, Decker SL, Sommers BD
AHRQ Author: Lipton BJ, Decker SL
The Affordable Care Act appears to have narrowed racial and ethnic disparities in insurance coverage and access to care among young adults.
This study analyzed insurance coverage gains of young adults aged 19 to 25 due to the Affordable Care Act’s 2010 coverage provision and also 2014 Medicaid and Marketplace expansions. There were gains in coverage of 11% for Hispanics, 10.1% for Blacks and 4.6% for Whites.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; HS021291.
Citation: Lipton BJ, Decker SL, Sommers BD .
The Affordable Care Act appears to have narrowed racial and ethnic disparities in insurance coverage and access to care among young adults.
Med Care Res Rev 2019 Feb;76(1):1077558717706575. Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.1177/1077558717706575..
Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Health Insurance, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Young Adults
Griffith DC, Farmer C, Gebo KA
Uptake and virological outcomes of single- versus multi-tablet antiretroviral regimens among treatment-naive youth in the HIV Research Network.
Researchers studied the impact of single-tablet regiments (STRs) versus multi-tablet regimens (MTRs) in the treatment of HIV with youth with HIV (YHIV) in the HIV Research Network between the ages of 13 and 24. The use of STRs was associated with greater compliance in their antiretroviral regiments and better outcomes over an 8-year period (2006-2014) at 18 US HIV clinical sites.
AHRQ-funded; 290201100007C.
Citation: Griffith DC, Farmer C, Gebo KA .
Uptake and virological outcomes of single- versus multi-tablet antiretroviral regimens among treatment-naive youth in the HIV Research Network.
HIV Med 2019 Feb;20(2):169-74. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12695..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Medication, Outcomes, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Young Adults
Kayle M, Docherty SL, Sloane R
Transition to adult care in sickle cell disease: a longitudinal study of clinical characteristics and disease severity.
Researchers conducted a longitudinal analysis of medical records of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with sickle cell disease (SCD) to describe the clinical course among AYAs during transition to adult care. They found that, whereas most AYAs had stable severity, nearly a quarter had increasing severity over time. AYAs with increasing severity had more complications, were more likely to transfer to adult care, and demonstrated higher and longer adult SCD care utilization compared with AYAs with stable severity.
AHRQ-funded; HS023989.
Citation: Kayle M, Docherty SL, Sloane R .
Transition to adult care in sickle cell disease: a longitudinal study of clinical characteristics and disease severity.
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019 Jan;66(1):e27463. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27463..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Sickle Cell Disease, Transitions of Care, Young Adults
Wisk LE, Sharma N
Inequalities in young adult health insurance coverage post-federal health reform.
The article investigates disparities in the insurance coverage of young adults before and after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Data from the 2000-2016 National Health Interview Survey was used to compare the effects of the ACA on three groups, aged 13 to 18, 19 to 25, and 26 to 30, with the 19 to 25 group considered as “young adults” for the purposed of this study. Respondents reported their types of health insurance coverage during the last 12 months, their reasons for being uninsured, and sociodemographic information. The article concludes that the ACA significantly impacted insurance coverage for young adults, but disparities remain.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Wisk LE, Sharma N .
Inequalities in young adult health insurance coverage post-federal health reform.
J Gen Intern Med 2019 Jan;34(1):65-74. doi: 10.1007/s11606-018-4723-0..
Keywords: Disparities, Health Insurance, Policy, Social Determinants of Health, Young Adults
Gooding HC, Brown CA, Wisk LE
Investing in our future: the importance of ambulatory visits to achieving blood pressure control in young adults.
In this commentary, the authors discuss an article written by King, et al. and published in 2017 in the Journal of Clinical Hypertension, entitled “The importance of frequent return visits and hypertension control among US young adults: a multidisciplinary group practice observational study.”
AHRQ-funded; K12 HS022986.
Citation: Gooding HC, Brown CA, Wisk LE .
Investing in our future: the importance of ambulatory visits to achieving blood pressure control in young adults.
J Clin Hypertens 2017 Dec;19(12):1298-300. doi: 10.1111/jch.13100..
Keywords: Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Care Management, Blood Pressure, Young Adults
Chen J, Vargas-Bustamante A, Novak P
Reducing young adults' health care spending through the ACA expansion of dependent coverage.
The researchers estimated health care expenditure trends among young adults ages 19-25 before and after the 2010 implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) provision that extended eligibility for dependent private health insurance coverage. They found that increased health insurance enrollment as a consequence of the ACA provision for dependent coverage has successfully reduced spending and catastrophic expenditures, providing financial protections for young adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS022135.
Citation: Chen J, Vargas-Bustamante A, Novak P .
Reducing young adults' health care spending through the ACA expansion of dependent coverage.
Health Serv Res 2017 Oct;52(5):1835-57. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12555.
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Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Health Insurance, Healthcare Costs, Policy, Young Adults
Schoenbaum M, Sutherland JM, Chappel A
AHRQ Author: Sutherland JM
Twelve-month health care use and mortality in commercially insured young people with incident psychosis in the United States.
This study assessed 12-month mortality and patterns of outpatient and inpatient treatment among young people experiencing an incident episode of psychosis in the United States. The hugely elevated mortality observed, when compared to the general population, underscores that young people experiencing psychosis warrant intensive clinical attention-yet the researchers found low rates of pharmacotherapy and limited use of psychosocial treatment.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Schoenbaum M, Sutherland JM, Chappel A .
Twelve-month health care use and mortality in commercially insured young people with incident psychosis in the United States.
Schizophr Bull 2017 Oct;43(6):1262-72. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbx009.
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Keywords: Healthcare Utilization, Health Insurance, Health Services Research (HSR), Behavioral Health, Young Adults
Primack BA, Shensa A, Sidani JE
Social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults in the U.S.
Perceived social isolation (PSI) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Social media platforms, commonly used by young adults, may offer an opportunity to ameliorate social isolation. This study assessed associations between social media use (SMU) and PSI among U.S. young adults. It concluded that young adults with high SMU seem to feel more socially isolated than their counterparts with lower SMU.
AHRQ-funded; HS022989.
Citation: Primack BA, Shensa A, Sidani JE .
Social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults in the U.S.
Am J Prev Med 2017 Jul;53(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Social Media, Young Adults
Kelley C, Lee B, Wilcox L
Self-tracking for mental wellness: understanding expert perspectives and student experiences.
Recent studies with college student populations have examined the feasibility of collecting everyday mood, activity, and social data. However, these studies do not account for students' experiences and challenges adopting self-tracking technologies to support mental wellness goals. In this paper, the authors present two studies conducted to better understand self-tracking for stress management and mental wellness in student populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS021393.
Citation: Kelley C, Lee B, Wilcox L .
Self-tracking for mental wellness: understanding expert perspectives and student experiences.
Proc SIGCHI Conf Hum Factor Comput Syst 2017 May 2;2017:629-41. doi: 10.1145/3025453.3025750..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Behavioral Health, Stress, Young Adults
Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ
A systematic review of the mhealth interventions to prevent alcohol and substance abuse.
This systematic review evaluated the recent body of research on mHealth-based interventions for substance use, with aims of (a) examining the functionality and effectiveness of these interventions, (b) evaluating the available research on the effectiveness of these interventions for substance use, and (c) evaluating the design, methodology, results, theoretical grounding, limitations, and implications of each study.
AHRQ-funded; HS023875.
Citation: Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ .
A systematic review of the mhealth interventions to prevent alcohol and substance abuse.
J Health Commun 2017 May;22(5):413-32. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1303556.
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Keywords: Alcohol Use, Prevention, Substance Abuse, Telehealth, Young Adults
Macmadu A, Carroll JJ, Hadland SE
Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.
Researchers examined risk factors for exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin (FCH) and experiences with FCH use among young adult non-medical prescription opioids (NMPO) users. Several drug use patterns and risk behaviors were associated with FCH exposure, including: regular heroin and cocaine use; diverted pharmaceutical fentanyl use in the prior six months; NMPO use to avoid withdrawal symptoms; regular injection drug use; and prior overdose.
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Macmadu A, Carroll JJ, Hadland SE .
Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.
Addict Behav 2017 May;68:35-38. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.014.
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Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Risk, Substance Abuse, Young Adults