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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 4 of 4 Research Studies DisplayedNeerland C, Slaughter-Acey J, Behrens K
An evidence map for social and structural determinants for maternal morbidity and mortality: a systematic review.
The study aimed to identify social and structural determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality during prenatal and postpartum periods in the U.S. Out of 8,378 references screened, 118 studies were included, covering domains like identity, socioeconomic factors, violence, and trauma. Findings revealed mixed patterns between risk factors and outcomes, with notable attention to depression and mental health. Advancing the field long-term should involve developing comprehensive datasets to thoroughly investigate intersections with biological and medical risk factors.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00008.
Citation: Neerland C, Slaughter-Acey J, Behrens K .
An evidence map for social and structural determinants for maternal morbidity and mortality: a systematic review.
Obstet Gynecol 2024 Mar; 143(3):383-92. doi: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005489.
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Maternal Care, Mortality, Evidence-Based Practice, Risk, Women, Outcomes
Paglino E, Lundberg DJ, Wrigley-Field E
Excess natural-cause mortality in US counties and its association with reported COVID-19 deaths.
The authors indicate that in the United States, excess deaths reported to non-COVID-19 natural causes may represent unrecognized COVID-19 deaths, deaths caused by interruptions in health care during the pandemic, and/or deaths from the socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic. The researchers created a Bayesian hierarchical model to produce monthly estimates of excess natural-cause mortality for US counties over the first 30 months of the pandemic. The study found that from March 2020 through August 2022, 1,194,610 excess natural-cause deaths occurred nationally. A total of 162,886 of these excess natural-cause deaths were not reported to COVID-19. Overall, 15.8 excess deaths were reported to non-COVID-19 natural causes for every 100 reported COVID-19 deaths. This number was higher in nonmetropolitan counties, the West, and the South. In comparison, reported COVID-19 death counts were greater than estimates of excess natural-cause deaths in metropolitan counties in the New England and Middle Atlantic states. Increases in reported COVID-19 deaths were temporally associated with increases in excess deaths reported to non-COVID-19 natural causes in the same and/or previous month.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Paglino E, Lundberg DJ, Wrigley-Field E .
Excess natural-cause mortality in US counties and its association with reported COVID-19 deaths.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024 Feb 6; 121(6):e2313661121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2313661121..
Keywords: COVID-19, Mortality
Liu PH, Singal AG, Murphy CC
Colorectal cancer screening receipt does not differ by 10-year mortality risk among older adults.
This study examined receipt of past-year colorectal cancer (CRC screening) according to predicted 10-year mortality risk among 25,888 community-dwelling adults aged 65-84 years who were not up-to-date with screening in the nationwide National Health Interview Survey. Ten-year mortality risk was estimated using a validated index with the lowest to highest quintiles of the index ranging from 12%-79%. The authors also examined the proportion of screening performed among adults with life expectancy <10 years. They found that the prevalence of past-year CRC screening was 39.5%, 40.6%, 38.7%, 36.4%, and 35.4%, from the lowest to highest quintile of 10-year mortality risk, demonstrating that the odds of CRC screening did not differ in the lowest vs highest quintile. One-quarter of past-year CRC screening occurred in adults with life expectancy <10 years, and more than half (50.7%) of adults aged 75-84 years had 10-year mortality risk ≥50% at the time of screening. Invasive but not noninvasive screening increased as 10-year mortality risk increased among adults aged 70-79 years.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Liu PH, Singal AG, Murphy CC .
Colorectal cancer screening receipt does not differ by 10-year mortality risk among older adults.
Am J Gastroenterol 2024 Feb; 119(2):353-63. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002536.
Keywords: Elderly, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Mortality, Screening, Colonoscopy
Donnelly JP, Seelye SM, Kipnis P
Impact of reducing time-to-antibiotics on sepsis mortality, antibiotic use, and adverse events.
Researchers estimated benefits and harms of shortened time-to-antibiotics for sepsis. Their simulation study used a cohort of over 1.5 million hospitalizations via emergency department with more than two systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria. The results showed that impacts of faster time-to-antibiotics for sepsis varied markedly across simulated hospital types; however, even in worst-case scenarios, new antibiotic-associated adverse events were rare.
AHRQ-funded; HS026725.
Citation: Donnelly JP, Seelye SM, Kipnis P .
Impact of reducing time-to-antibiotics on sepsis mortality, antibiotic use, and adverse events.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024 Jan; 21(1):94-101. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202306-505OC..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Sepsis, Mortality