National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
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- Adverse Events (1)
- Caregiving (1)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
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- (-) Evidence-Based Practice (8)
- Eye Disease and Health (1)
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- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedViswanathan M, Urrutia RP, Hudson KN
Folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The objective of this evidence review was to evaluate new evidence on the benefits and harms of folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. New evidence from observational studies provided evidence of the benefit of folic acid supplementation and no evidence of harms related to multiple gestation, autism, or maternal cancer. The new evidence was consistent with previously reviewed evidence on benefits and harms.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00007.
Citation: Viswanathan M, Urrutia RP, Hudson KN .
Folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2023 Aug 1; 330(5):460-66. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.9864..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Newborns/Infants, Maternal Care, Women
Ong T, Onchiri FM, Britto MT
Impact of guideline-recommended dietitian assessments on weight gain in infants with cystic fibrosis.
This study’s purpose was to characterize nutrition management for infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) with inadequate weight gain and to assess association of dietitian assessments and center-level weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ). Encounter data from 226 infants was used from across 28 US CF Centers from the Baby Observational Nutritional study between January 2012 through December 2017. The authors identified dietitian assessments and consensus guideline-recommended responses to inadequate weight gain: calorie increases, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) increases, or shortened time to next visit. They compared center assessments by funnel plot and summarized median WAZ by center. Of 2,527 visits, 808 visits had identified inadequate weight gain, distributed in 216 infants. Assessments occurred in 77% of visits but varied widely between centers (range 17% - 98%). They used funnel plot analysis to identify high-performers for frequent dietitian assessments (range 92% - 98%) and 4 under-performers (range 17% - 56%). High-performers treated inadequate weight gain more often with adequate calories (80% vs 52%) and closer follow-up (63% vs 49%) compared to underperformers. Three of 4 high-performing sites met center nutrition goals for positive median WAZ at 2 years old unlike 3 under-performers, despite similar patient characteristics.
AHRQ-funded; HS026393.
Citation: Ong T, Onchiri FM, Britto MT .
Impact of guideline-recommended dietitian assessments on weight gain in infants with cystic fibrosis.
J Cyst Fibros 2022 Jan; 21(1):115-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.08.005..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions, Chronic Conditions, Nutrition, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Ferguson MC, O'Shea KJ, Hammer LD
Can following formula-feeding recommendations still result in infants who are overweight or have obesity?
This study compares guidelines for formula feeding and whether current recommendations still result in infants who are overweight or have obesity. The researchers used their “Virtual Infant” agent-based model representing infant-caregiver pairs that allowed caregivers to feed infants each day according to guidelines from Johns Hopkins Medicine (JHM), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters (CHKD), and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The WIC guidelines were found to be the best as opposed to JHM/CHOP/CHKD where infants still became overweight/obese by 6 months. The study recommended the minimum recommended amount of daily formula feeding should be made lower for JHM/CHOP/CHKD guidelines and that WIC guidelines may be a good starting point for caregivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Ferguson MC, O'Shea KJ, Hammer LD .
Can following formula-feeding recommendations still result in infants who are overweight or have obesity?
Pediatr Res 2020 Oct;88(4):661-67. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-0844-3..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Guidelines, Caregiving, Evidence-Based Practice
Gephart SM, Underwood MA, Rosito S
Grading the evidence to identify strategies to modify risk for necrotizing enterocolitis.
This paper presents recommendations to manage modifiable risks to premature infants’ vulnerability for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). It uses the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria to present recommendations in the context of the supporting evidence. Strategies to limit NEC risk are presented across the prenatal, intrapartum, and early and clinical course. It also offers quality improvement (QI) targets for healthcare teams and offers a patient-family advocate’s perspective on how to engage parents to recognize and reduce NEC risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS022908.
Citation: Gephart SM, Underwood MA, Rosito S .
Grading the evidence to identify strategies to modify risk for necrotizing enterocolitis.
Pediatr Res 2020 Aug;88(Suppl 1):41-47. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-1079-z..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Abrams EM, Brough HA, Keet C
Pros and cons of pre-emptive screening programmes before peanut introduction in infancy.
In this review, researchers evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of a pre-emptive screening approach before the early introduction of peanuts in infants at high risk of peanut allergy. The Learning Early About Peanut study and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) expert panel recommendations are compared.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Abrams EM, Brough HA, Keet C .
Pros and cons of pre-emptive screening programmes before peanut introduction in infancy.
Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020 Jul;4(7):526-35. doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30029-8..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Screening, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Greenhawt M, Shaker M
Determining levers of cost-effectiveness for screening infants at high risk for peanut sensitization before early peanut introduction.
The authors sought to identify scenarios in which current early peanut introduction guidelines would be cost-effective. They found that the current screening approach to early peanut introduction could be cost-effective at a particular health utility for an in-clinic reaction, skin prick test sensitivity and specificity, and high baseline peanut allergy prevalence among high-risk infants. However, such conditions are unlikely to be plausible to achieve realistically. They recommend further research to define the health state utility associated with reaction location.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Greenhawt M, Shaker M .
Determining levers of cost-effectiveness for screening infants at high risk for peanut sensitization before early peanut introduction.
JAMA Netw Open 2019 Dec 2;2(12):e1918041. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.18041..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Newborns/Infants, Children/Adolescents, Respiratory Conditions, Skin Conditions, Screening, Healthcare Costs, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Rushkin M
Ocular prophylaxis for gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This evidence report and systematic review was commissioned for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force to update the evidence of using prophylactic ocular topic medication for all newborns to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (GON) which can cause blindness if not treated immediately. Many articles were screened for inclusion, and of those included the recommendations remained an “A” grade recommendation, which is to apply the topical medication on all newborns due to an increase in syphilis prevalence.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Rushkin M .
Ocular prophylaxis for gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2019 Jan 29;321(4):404-06. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.17847..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Eye Disease and Health, Guidelines, Newborns/Infants, Prevention, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Burstein PD, Zalenski DM, Edwards JL
Changing labor and delivery practice: focus on achieving practice and documentation standardization with the goal of improving neonatal outcomes.
The researchers established a multifactorial shoulder dystocia response and management protocol to promote sustainable practice change. In the first year, there was a threefold increase in shoulder dystocia reporting, which continued in years 2 and 3. In the first year, 96 percent of clinicians completed all training elements. Overall teams reached a 99 percent adoption rate of the shoulder dystocia protocol.
AHRQ-funded; HS019608.
Citation: Burstein PD, Zalenski DM, Edwards JL .
Changing labor and delivery practice: focus on achieving practice and documentation standardization with the goal of improving neonatal outcomes.
Health Serv Res 2016 Dec;51 Suppl 3:2472-86. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12589.
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Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Newborns/Infants, Adverse Events, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Patient Safety, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Pregnancy, Teams