National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
76 to 87 of 87 Research Studies DisplayedChoi K, Becerra-Culqui T, Bhakta B
Parent intentions to vaccinate children with autism spectrum disorder against COVID-19.
This study’s purpose was to investigate associations between parent vaccine confidence and intentions to have their child with autism vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional, web-based survey of 332 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder who were members of an integrated healthcare system in Southern California was conducted from May to July 2021. Approximately 35% of parents were going to vaccinate their child against COVID-19. Positive vaccine beliefs, healthcare provider trust, or parent vaccination status were associated with intention to vaccinate.
AHRQ-funded; HS026407.
Citation: Choi K, Becerra-Culqui T, Bhakta B .
Parent intentions to vaccinate children with autism spectrum disorder against COVID-19.
J Pediatr Nurs 2022 Mar-Apr;63:108-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.11.019..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Vaccination, Autism, Chronic Conditions
Hays RD, Skootsky SA
Patient experience with in-person and telehealth visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at a large integrated health system in the United States.
Researchers sought to compare patient experience by visit type and before and during the pandemic. Using CAHPS® data, they found that patient experience with telehealth visits was as positive as or more positive than that with traditional office-based visits. Doctor communication on telehealth visits was viewed as slightly more positive than that of in-office or telephone visits. Telehealth visits were also slightly more positive than in-office visits for care coordination, overall rating of the doctor, and willingness to recommend to family and friends. Office staff were viewed less positively on the telephone than telehealth or in-office visits. Further, patient experience was similar before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
AHRQ-funded; HS025920.
Citation: Hays RD, Skootsky SA .
Patient experience with in-person and telehealth visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at a large integrated health system in the United States.
J Gen Intern Med 2022 Mar;37(4):847-52. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-07196-4..
Keywords: COVID-19, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient Experience, Healthcare Delivery
Kamran F, Tang S, Otles E
Early identification of patients admitted to hospital for covid-19 at risk of clinical deterioration: model development and multisite external validation study.
The authors sought to create and validate a simple and transferable machine learning model from electronic health record data to accurately predict clinical deterioration in patients with COVID-19 across institutions, through use of a novel paradigm for model development and code sharing. They determined that a model to predict clinical deterioration was developed rapidly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic at a single hospital, was applied externally without the sharing of data, and performed well across multiple medical centers, patient subgroups, and time periods, showing its potential as a tool for use in optimizing healthcare resources.
AHRQ-funded; HS028038.
Citation: Kamran F, Tang S, Otles E .
Early identification of patients admitted to hospital for covid-19 at risk of clinical deterioration: model development and multisite external validation study.
BMJ 2022 Feb 17;376:e068576. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068576..
Keywords: COVID-19, Hospitalization, Risk, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Rikin S, Perez HR, Zhang C
Changes in outpatient opioid prescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time series analysis.
Changes in health care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted opioid prescribing. This study evaluated the impact of restrictions on in-person care on opioid prescribing in the outpatient setting. The hypothesis was that after restrictions to in-person care were implemented, there would be a reduction in the number of chronic and non-chronic opioid prescriptions.
AHRQ-funded; HS026396.
Citation: Rikin S, Perez HR, Zhang C .
Changes in outpatient opioid prescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time series analysis.
J Prim Care Community Health 2022 Jan-Dec;13:21501319221076926. doi: 10.1177/21501319221076926..
Keywords: COVID-19, Opioids, Medication, Practice Patterns, Healthcare Delivery
Qin CX, Auerbach SR, Charnaya O
Antibody response to 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients.
While many adult solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have impaired antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, pediatric SOTRs’ response has not been assessed. In this article, the researchers reported the immunogenicity and safety of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in pediatric SOTRs.
AHRQ-funded; HS026510.
Citation: Qin CX, Auerbach SR, Charnaya O .
Antibody response to 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients.
Am J Transplant 2022 Feb;22(2):669-72. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16841..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vaccination, COVID-19, Transplantation
Wu AJ, Aris IM, Hivert MF
Association of changes in obesity prevalence with the COVID-19 pandemic in youth in Massachusetts.
Using the Massachusetts Department of Public Health’s disease surveillance system (MDPHnet), the authors examined obesity prevalence in 3 periods from 2018 to 2020 in a fixed cohort of children and adolescents. They found that, although childhood obesity prevalence was rising prior to COVID-19, the prevalence increased by a greater difference in Massachusetts youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. They observed greater increases in obesity prevalence in Black and Hispanic youth, particularly in boys aged 6 to 11 years.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Wu AJ, Aris IM, Hivert MF .
Association of changes in obesity prevalence with the COVID-19 pandemic in youth in Massachusetts.
JAMA Pediatr 2022 Feb;176(2):198-201. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.5095..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Obesity
Ginestra JC, Mitchell OJL, Anesi GL
COVID-19 critical illness: a data-driven review.
This paper is a data-driven review of COVID-19 critical illness, including the extreme demand for intensive care unit (ICU) resources and the rapidly evolving understanding of the disease. Almost one-third of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience critical illness. The most common type of organ failure experienced is acute hypoxic respiratory failure, which presents clinically as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in three-quarters of ICU patients. Management of ARDS in COVID-19 patients is similar to that of non-COVID-19 ARDS patients. Mortality rates have decreased over the course of the pandemic likely due to increasing disease familiarity, data-driven pharmacologics, and improved adherence to evidence-based critical care.
AHRQ-funded; HS026372.
Citation: Ginestra JC, Mitchell OJL, Anesi GL .
COVID-19 critical illness: a data-driven review.
Annu Rev Med 2022 Jan 27;73:95-111. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042420-110629..
Keywords: COVID-19, Critical Care, Respiratory Conditions, Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Li Y, Cheng Z, Cai X
State social distancing restrictions and nursing home outcomes.
This study examined how state orders for social distancing to curb COVID-19 morbidity and mortality affected nursing home patients and what potential negative health consequences they may have had. The authors examined state social distancing restrictions from June to August of 2020 and their associations with the weekly numbers of new COVID cases, new COVID deaths, and new non-COVID deaths in nursing homes across the US. They found that stronger state social distancing measures were associated with improved outcomes, reduced across-facility disparities in COVID outcomes, and somewhat increased non-COVID-19 death rates. The estimates for non-COVID-19 deaths were sensitive to alternative model specifications.
AHRQ-funded; HS026893; HS024923.
Citation: Li Y, Cheng Z, Cai X .
State social distancing restrictions and nursing home outcomes.
Sci Rep 2022 Jan 20;12(1):1058. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05011-6..
Keywords: COVID-19, Nursing Homes, Prevention, Public Health
Levin Z, Chang J, Karaca-Mandic P
Characteristics of hydroxychloroquine dispensing in the United States, January to May 2020.
This research letter describes a comparison of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) prescription trends from January to May 2020. The authors identified HCQ dispensing from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse and identified 66,253 enrollees with 134,417 HCQ fills during the study period. Nearly 13,000 new fillers (67.2%) did not have a diagnostic indication of lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, malaria or Sjogren’s syndrome. Among previous fillers, 15.1% had no indication. The most common diagnosis was RA among indicated users. The rate of HCQ fills per 1,000 enrollees increased substantially in mid-March among both new and previous HCQ fillers. For prior fillers, rates increased due to an anticipated shortage of the drug due to people using it for COVID-19 prevention.
AHRQ-funded; HS025164.
Citation: Levin Z, Chang J, Karaca-Mandic P .
Characteristics of hydroxychloroquine dispensing in the United States, January to May 2020.
J Gen Intern Med 2022 Jan;37(1):176-78. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-07175-9..
Keywords: COVID-19, Medication, Practice Patterns
Bhalala US, Gist KM, Tripathi S
Characterization and outcomes of hospitalized children with coronavirus disease 2019: a report from a multicenter, viral infection and respiratory illness universal study (Coronavirus Disease 2019) registry.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine data from the Society of Critical Care Medicine Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (Coronavirus Disease 2019) registry and describe the characteristics, ICU admissions, and outcomes in children hospitalized with COVID-19. The study included 874 children under the age of 18 hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 at 51 participating hospital centers from February 2020 to January 2021. The primary outcome was ICU admission. Secondary outcomes included hospital and ICU duration of stay and ICU, hospital, and 28-day mortality. The researchers found that the median age was 8 years, with 62.9% non-Hispanic and a boy to girl ratio of 1:2. A total of 28.2% of the children met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and 46.2% were admitted to the ICU. A child’s age, the presence of a fever, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, and pre-existing seizure disorder were independently associated with a greater odds of ICU admission. The rate of hospital mortality for this group was 1.8%. The median duration of ICU stay was 3.9 days and the median duration of hospital stay was 4 days. For those patients with 28-day data, the survival rate was 86.3%. The researchers concluded that in this study, older age, fever, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and seizure disorder were independently related with ICU admission.
AHRQ-funded; HS026393; HS026485.
Citation: Bhalala US, Gist KM, Tripathi S .
Characterization and outcomes of hospitalized children with coronavirus disease 2019: a report from a multicenter, viral infection and respiratory illness universal study (Coronavirus Disease 2019) registry.
Crit Care Med 2022 Jan;50(1):e40-e51. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005232..
Keywords: COVID-19, Children/Adolescents, Registries, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Inpatient Care
Feyman Y, Auty SG, Tenso K
County-level impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on excess mortality among U.S. veterans: a population-based study.
This study investigated the county-level impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on excess mortality among U.S. veterans. The authors queried Veterans Health Administration (VHA) administrative data on demographics and comorbidities for 11.4 million enrollees during 2016-2020. Eight mortality prediction models at the county-level were used including Poisson, Poisson quasi-likelihood, negative binomial, and generalized estimating equations. All models demonstrated excellent agreement between observed and predicted mortality. An excess mortality rate of 13% in 2020 was found, which corresponds to 50,299 excess deaths. Despite mortality risk factors of veterans, their excess mortality rate was slightly lower than the general population.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Feyman Y, Auty SG, Tenso K .
County-level impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on excess mortality among U.S. veterans: a population-based study.
Lancet Reg Health Am 2022 Jan;5:100093. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100093.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395..
AHRQ-funded; HS026395..
Keywords: COVID-19, Mortality
Koo G, Anvari S, Friedman DL
mRNA COVID-19 vaccine safety in patients with previous immediate hypersensitivity to pegaspargase.
The authors sought to understand the safety of PEG2000-containing mRNA COVID vaccines in patients who reported a label of immediate pegaspargase hypersensitivity. They found that all 19 studied patients tolerated their first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with no symptoms. Subsequently, all 19 patients tolerated their second doses uneventfully as well.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Koo G, Anvari S, Friedman DL .
mRNA COVID-19 vaccine safety in patients with previous immediate hypersensitivity to pegaspargase.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2022 Jan;10(1):322-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.09.051..
Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination