National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Cancer (3)
- (-) Cancer: Colorectal Cancer (7)
- Cancer: Prostate Cancer (1)
- (-) Cardiovascular Conditions (7)
- Case Study (1)
- Colonoscopy (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (2)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedGuirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Perdue LA
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This evidence summary reviewed the benefits and harms of aspirin in primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention to accompany the final recommendation and evidence review of the US Preventive Services Task Force. A literature review was conducted of English-language randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of low-dose aspirin compared with placebo or no intervention in primary prevention populations. Aspirin was found not to be significantly associated with reductions in CVD mortality or all-cause mortality. There was limited trial evidence on benefits for CRC, with the findings highly variable by length of follow-up and statistically significant only when considering long-term observational follow-up beyond randomized trial periods. Low-dose aspirin was associated with significant increases in total major bleeding and in site-specific bleeding.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Perdue LA .
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Apr 26;327(16):1585-97. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.3337..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Dehmer SP, O'Keefe LR, Evans CV
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated modeling study for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of the study was to develop, model, and report estimates of the harms from and benefits of the use of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC.) The researchers developed and used a simulation model to provide estimates for hypothetical United States cohorts of men and women between the ages of forty and seventy-nine years without a previous history of elevated bleeding risks or CVD, and up to a 20% 10-year risk for a CVD event. The model focused on the routine, lifetime use of low-dose aspirin with 5-year intervals of no use between 65 and 85 years of age. The study’s primary outcome was lifetime net benefit which was measured in life-years and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs.) Harms included an increase in nonfatal intracranial hemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding, and benefits included a reduction in nonfatal ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. The study found that the estimated lifetime net quality-adjusted life-years was positive for men and women with 5% or more 10-year CVD risk when they started use between the ages of 40-59 years, and for men and women with 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk when starting between the ages of 60 and 69 years. The estimated lifetime net life-years were mostly negative for those starting low-dose aspirin use between 60 and 79 years of age. Five-year intervals of stopping use between 65 and 85 years of age did not provide a significant advantage to lifetime use. The researchers concluded that the routine, lifetime use of low-dose aspirin may benefit several population groups, with the largest estimated benefit in those with greater 10-year CVD risk who begin routine, low-dose aspirin dosage at younger ages.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: Dehmer SP, O'Keefe LR, Evans CV .
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated modeling study for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Apr 26;327(16):1598-607. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.3385..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Prevention, Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
McNellis RJ, Beswick-Escanlar V
AHRQ Author: McNellis RJ
Aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer.
This case study involves a a 55-year-old man who presents to your office for a routine refill of his antihypertension medication, his 65-year-old brother who also visits you to ask about taking low-dose aspirin, and his 55-year-old wife, also your patient, who recently experienced abdominal pain,. It poses three multiple choice questions focused on the use of low-dose aspirin, together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: McNellis RJ, Beswick-Escanlar V .
Aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2016 Oct 15;94(8):661-62.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Prevention, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Case Study
Chubak J, Whitlock EP, Williams SB
Aspirin for the prevention of cancer incidence and mortality: systematic evidence reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
The researchers conducted systematic reviews of aspirin and 1) total cancer mortality and incidence in persons eligible for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 2) colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality and incidence in persons at average CRC risk.. Evidence from CVD primary and secondary prevention studies suggested that aspirin therapy reduces CRC incidence and perhaps mortality approximately 10 years after initiation.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200151I.
Citation: Chubak J, Whitlock EP, Williams SB .
Aspirin for the prevention of cancer incidence and mortality: systematic evidence reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Jun 21;164(12):814-25. doi: 10.7326/m15-2117.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Mortality, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Killian JT, Holcomb CN, Graham LA
Delays in surgery for patients with coronary stents placed after diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
The researchers sought to determine whether the presence of a coronary stent affected the timing of colorectal cancer resection and the postoperative outcomes. They found that the median time from diagnosis to surgery was 100 days for patients who received a stent after a colonoscopy and 42 days for patients whose stent was present at the time of the colonoscopy.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Killian JT, Holcomb CN, Graham LA .
Delays in surgery for patients with coronary stents placed after diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
JAMA Surg 2016 Jan;151(1):86-8. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.3130..
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Colonoscopy, Heart Disease and Health, Surgery
Garcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Lipsitch M
Infective endocarditis and cancer in the elderly.
The researchers investigated the magnitude of the association between infective endocarditis and cancer, and the natural history of cancer patients with concomitant diagnosis of infective endocarditis. They found that in this elderly population, the incidence of infective endocarditis around a colorectal cancer diagnosis was substantially higher than around the diagnosis of lung, breast and prostate cancers.
AHRQ-funded; HS023128.
Citation: Garcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Lipsitch M .
Infective endocarditis and cancer in the elderly.
Eur J Epidemiol 2016 Jan;31(1):41-9. doi: 10.1007/s10654-015-0111-9.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Cancer: Prostate Cancer
Du XL, Zhang Y
Risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome associated with hematopoietic growth factors in a large population-based cohort of patients with colorectal cancer.
This study sought to determine the relationship between the receipt of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), stroke, heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in patients with colorectal cancer. It found that the use of ESAs was significantly associated with a substantially increased risk of MDS in patients with colorectal cancer.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Du XL, Zhang Y .
Risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome associated with hematopoietic growth factors in a large population-based cohort of patients with colorectal cancer.
Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015 Dec;14(4):e21-31. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.05.007.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk