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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Events (1)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- Arthritis (1)
- Cancer (2)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Lung Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (1)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) (1)
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- Diabetes (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
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- Elderly (4)
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- (-) Health Status (20)
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- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (1)
- Lifestyle Changes (1)
- Low-Income (1)
- Medicaid (1)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) (2)
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- Mortality (1)
- Nursing Homes (1)
- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
- Pain (1)
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- Policy (1)
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- Quality of Life (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Risk (3)
- Shared Decision Making (2)
- Social Determinants of Health (4)
- Surgery (2)
- Tobacco Use (1)
- Urban Health (1)
- Vulnerable Populations (1)
- Women (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 20 of 20 Research Studies DisplayedHorwood CR, Moffatt-Bruce SD, Fitzgerald M
A qualitative analysis of clinical decompensation in the surgical patient: perceptions of nurses and physicians.
This study is a quantitative analysis of nurse and physician perception of clinical decompensation in postsurgical patients. The study aims to assess how nurses and physicians perceive early warning signs that predict clinical decompensation, changes in clinical acuity, and the need for escalation of care. Many areas showed strong agreement, but there were differences between nurses and physicians in primary indicators of patient stability. There were also differences in the methods and frequency used to monitor medically unstable patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS024379.
Citation: Horwood CR, Moffatt-Bruce SD, Fitzgerald M .
A qualitative analysis of clinical decompensation in the surgical patient: perceptions of nurses and physicians.
Surgery 2018 Dec;164(6):1311-15. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.06.006..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Health Status, Provider: Clinician, Provider: Nurse, Provider: Physician, Surgery
Oates GR, Hamby BW, Bae S
Bikeshare use in urban communities: individual and neighborhood factors.
This study examined factors associated with bikeshare use in a metropolitan area in the southern United States. The study found that higher neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with higher bikeshare use. Bikeshare was a viable transportation option in low-resource neighborhoods and may be an effective tool to improve the connectivity, livability, and health of urban communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Oates GR, Hamby BW, Bae S .
Bikeshare use in urban communities: individual and neighborhood factors.
Ethn Dis 2017 Nov 9;27(Suppl 1):303-12. doi: 10.18865/ed.27.S1.303..
Keywords: Health Status, Social Determinants of Health, Urban Health
Satchidanand N, Servoss TJ, Singh R
Development of a risk tool to support discussions of care for older adults admitted to the ICU with pneumonia.
The purpose of this study was to develop a 30-day mortality prediction tool for older patients in intensive care unit (ICU) with pneumonia that will initiate palliative care earlier in hospital course. The authors suggest that their risk tool can help care teams make more informed decisions among care options by identifying a patient group for whom a careful review of goals of care is indicated both during and after hospitalization.
AHRQ-funded; HS023656.
Citation: Satchidanand N, Servoss TJ, Singh R .
Development of a risk tool to support discussions of care for older adults admitted to the ICU with pneumonia.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2018 Sep;35(9):1201-06. doi: 10.1177/1049909118764093..
Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Elderly, Health Status, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Palliative Care, Risk
Hays RD, Mallett JS, Haas A
Associations of CAHPS composites with global ratings of the doctor vary by Medicare beneficiaries' health status.
This study examines whether the association of care coordination with global ratings of one's personal doctor varies by number of chronic conditions and self-rated health. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that patients in worse health weigh care coordination more heavily in global physician assessments than patients in better health. Emphasis on improving care coordination, especially for patients in poorer health, may improve patients' overall assessments of their providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS016980; HS025920.
Citation: Hays RD, Mallett JS, Haas A .
Associations of CAHPS composites with global ratings of the doctor vary by Medicare beneficiaries' health status.
Med Care 2018 Aug;56(8):736-39. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000942..
Keywords: Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), Quality of Care, Health Status, Medicare, Provider Performance
Mian HS, Wildes TM, Fiala MA
Development of a Medicare health outcomes survey deficit-accumulation frailty index and its application to older patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics 2018; 2):1-13. doi: 10.1200/cci.18.00043.
This study’s objective was to develop a frailty index for older patients and apply it to a subset of patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma. The study used the Rockwood Accumulation of Deficits approach for the Medicare Health Outcomes Study (MHOS). Data from over 2 million patients without cancer older than 66 years of age from SEER-MHOS linked databases were compared to the cohort with multiple myeloma. It was found that among patients without cancer, each 10% increase in the frailty index was associated with a 40% increased risk of death. For the multiple myeloma cohort, each 10% increase in the frailty index was associated with a 16% increased risk for death. Median time for overall survival was only 26.8 months for patients considered frail, compared with 43.7 months for those who were not. This frailty index could be used a predictor of overall survival in older multiple myeloma patients.
This study’s objective was to develop a frailty index for older patients and apply it to a subset of patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma. The study used the Rockwood Accumulation of Deficits approach for the Medicare Health Outcomes Study (MHOS). Data from over 2 million patients without cancer older than 66 years of age from SEER-MHOS linked databases were compared to the cohort with multiple myeloma. It was found that among patients without cancer, each 10% increase in the frailty index was associated with a 40% increased risk of death. For the multiple myeloma cohort, each 10% increase in the frailty index was associated with a 16% increased risk for death. Median time for overall survival was only 26.8 months for patients considered frail, compared with 43.7 months for those who were not. This frailty index could be used a predictor of overall survival in older multiple myeloma patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Mian HS, Wildes TM, Fiala MA .
Development of a Medicare health outcomes survey deficit-accumulation frailty index and its application to older patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2018;2. doi: 10.1200/cci.18.00043..
Keywords: Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Elderly, Health Status, Medicare
Downing J, Conron K, Herman JL
Transgender and cisgender US veterans have few health differences.
The authors used population-level data for 2014-2016 from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to compare the health of transgender and cisgender veterans and civilians. They found that, while transgender civilians had worse health than cisgender civilians across most indicators, very few differences existed among veterans. They conclude that their findings largely suggest that transgender veterans do not have worse health than cisgender veterans.
AHRQ-funded; HS022241.
Citation: Downing J, Conron K, Herman JL .
Transgender and cisgender US veterans have few health differences.
Health Aff 2018 Jul;37(7):1160-68. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0027..
Keywords: Health Status, Healthcare Delivery, Vulnerable Populations
Roy B, Riley C, Herrin J
Identifying county characteristics associated with resident well-being: a population based study.
The authors aimed to identify county attributes that are independently associated with a comprehensive, multi-dimensional assessment of individual well-being. They identified twelve county-level factors that were independently associated with individual well-being scores. Collectively, these twelve factors explained 91% of the variance in individual well-being scores, and they represent four conceptually distinct categories: demographic; social and economic; clinical care; and physical environment.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Roy B, Riley C, Herrin J .
Identifying county characteristics associated with resident well-being: a population based study.
PLoS One 2018 May 23;13(5):e0196720. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196720.
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Keywords: Health Status, Quality of Life, Social Determinants of Health
Skube SJ, Lindemann EA, Arsoniadis EG
Characterizing functional health status of surgical patients in clinical notes.
The researchers of this study hypothesize that important functional status data is contained in clinical notes. They found that several categories of phrases related to functional status including diagnoses, activity and care assessments, physical exam, functional scores, assistive equipment, symptoms, and surgical history were important factors. They conducted a chart review and compared functional health status level terms from the chart review to National Surgical Quality Improvement Program determinations.
AHRQ-funded; HS024532.
Citation: Skube SJ, Lindemann EA, Arsoniadis EG .
Characterizing functional health status of surgical patients in clinical notes.
AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc 2018 May 18;2017:379-88..
Keywords: Health Status, Patient Safety, Risk, Surgery, Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
Ogarek JA, McCreedy EM, Thomas KS
Minimum data set changes in health, end-stage disease and symptoms and signs scale: a revised measure to predict mortality in nursing home residents.
The purpose of this study was to revise the Minimum Data Set (MDS) Changes in Health, End-stage disease and Symptoms and Signs (CHESS) scale, an MDS 2.0-based measure widely used to predict mortality in institutional settings, in response to the release of MDS 3.0. The MDS-CHESS 3.0 predicts mortality in newly admitted and long-stay nursing home populations. The additional relationship to hospitalizations and successful discharges to community increases the utility of this scale as a potential risk adjustment tool.
AHRQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Ogarek JA, McCreedy EM, Thomas KS .
Minimum data set changes in health, end-stage disease and symptoms and signs scale: a revised measure to predict mortality in nursing home residents.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2018 May;66(5):976-81. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15305..
Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Elderly, Health Status, Mortality, Nursing Homes
Misra-Hebert AD, Hu B, Le PH
Effect of health plan financial incentive offering on employees with prediabetes.
Researchers studied the effect of employee health plan financial incentives on health outcomes for employees with prediabetes. They found that employees who participated in disease management lost more weight than those who did not. A worksite wellness program offering health plan financial incentives for participation and outcomes was associated with improvements not only in weight but also in HbA1c.
AHRQ-funded; HS024128.
Citation: Misra-Hebert AD, Hu B, Le PH .
Effect of health plan financial incentive offering on employees with prediabetes.
Am J Med 2018 Mar;131(3):293-99. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.09.024.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Patient Self-Management, Obesity: Weight Management, Diabetes, Health Status
Sterling MR, Lin FR, Jannat-Khah DP
Hearing loss among older adults with heart failure in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
The researchers examined the prevalence and correlates of hearing loss among older adults with and without heart failure (HF) in the United States. Overall, 75 percent of adults 70 years or older with HF have hearing loss. Although hearing loss was more common among adults with HF compared with those without it, HF was not independently associated with hearing loss after accounting for demographic and clinical characteristics.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Sterling MR, Lin FR, Jannat-Khah DP .
Hearing loss among older adults with heart failure in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 Mar;144(3):273-75. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2017.2979.
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Keywords: Elderly, Health Status, Heart Disease and Health, Risk
Gianfrancesco MA, Yazdany J, Schmajuk G
The impact of smoking on disease measures in rheumatoid arthritis: the need for appropriate adjustment of time-varying confounding.
In a recent publication, Quintana-Dunque et al. studied patients with early onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and showed that baseline smoking status was inversely associated with disease activity and disability at 36 months. This paper argues that the authors failed to highlight several limitations of study design and analysis, including time-varying confounding, which may have had a direct impact on results and corresponding conclusions.
AHRQ-funded; HS024412.
Citation: Gianfrancesco MA, Yazdany J, Schmajuk G .
The impact of smoking on disease measures in rheumatoid arthritis: the need for appropriate adjustment of time-varying confounding.
Rheumatol Int 2018 Feb;38(2):313-14. doi: 10.1007/s00296-017-3902-3.
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Keywords: Health Status, Lifestyle Changes, Arthritis, Tobacco Use
Berdahl T, McQuillan J
AHRQ Author: Berdahl T
Self-rated health trajectories among married Americans: do disparities persist over 20 years?
The purpose of this study is to understand self-rated health (SRH) trajectories by social location (race/ethnicity by gender by social class) among married individuals in the United States. It found that women are less healthy than men; people of color are less healthy than whites; lower educated individuals are less healthy than higher educated individuals. Women's health declined slower than men's but did not differ by race/ethnicity or education
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Berdahl T, McQuillan J .
Self-rated health trajectories among married Americans: do disparities persist over 20 years?
J Aging Res 2018 Jan 11;2018:1208598. doi: 10.1155/2018/1208598.
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Keywords: Disparities, Health Status, Social Determinants of Health
Diaz OV, Guendelman S, Kuppermann M
Subjective social status and depression symptoms: a prospective study of women with noncancerous pelvic problems.
The investigators sought to examine the effect of community and national subjective social status (SSS) on symptoms of depression in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of adult women with noncancerous uterine conditions. They found that low perceived community social status is predictive of symptoms suggestive of major or other depressive disorder among women with noncancerous uterine conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS011657.
Citation: Diaz OV, Guendelman S, Kuppermann M .
Subjective social status and depression symptoms: a prospective study of women with noncancerous pelvic problems.
Womens Health Issues 2014 Nov-Dec;24(6):649-55. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2014.07.003.
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Keywords: Depression, Health Status, Pain, Social Determinants of Health, Women
Burke JF, Vijan S, Chekan LA
Targeting high-risk employees may reduce cardiovascular racial disparities.
A possible remedy for health disparities is for employers to promote cardiovascular health among minority employees. However, this study finds that there was no significant per person differential attributable to racial disparities for heart attack and stroke. A primary implication is that targeting cardiovascular disease strategies for African Americans is unlikely to be cost saving for employers.
AHRQ-funded; HS017690
Citation: Burke JF, Vijan S, Chekan LA .
Targeting high-risk employees may reduce cardiovascular racial disparities.
Am J Manag Care. 2014 Sep;20(9):725-33..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Disparities, Healthcare Costs, Health Promotion, Health Status, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Davidoff AJ, Gardner LD, Zuckerman IH
AHRQ Author: Davidoff AJ
Validation of disability status, a claims-based measure of functional status for cancer treatment and outcomes studies.
The researchers implemented and validated a disability status (DS) measure in 4 cohorts of cancer patients. They found that the DS measure is a significant independent predictor of cancer-directed treatment, but unobserved factors continue to play a role in determining treatments.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Davidoff AJ, Gardner LD, Zuckerman IH .
Validation of disability status, a claims-based measure of functional status for cancer treatment and outcomes studies.
Med Care 2014 Jun;52(6):500-10. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000122.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Disabilities, Health Status, Cancer: Lung Cancer
McGuire TG, Newhouse JP, Normand SL
AHRQ Author: Zuvekas S
Assessing incentives for service-level selection in private health insurance exchanges.
The authors used MEPS data to measure plan incentives by constructing predictive ratios and by measuring incentives based on the predictability and predictiveness of various medical diagnoses. They found that, among the chronic diseases studied, plans have the greatest incentive to skimp on care for cancer, mental health, and substance abuse.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: McGuire TG, Newhouse JP, Normand SL .
Assessing incentives for service-level selection in private health insurance exchanges.
J Health Econ 2014 May;35:47-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.01.009.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Health Insurance, Health Status, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
Hill SC, Abdus S, Hudson JL
AHRQ Author: Hill SC, Hudson JL, Selden TM
Adults in the income range for the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion are healthier than pre-ACA enrollees.
The investigators used MEPS data to compare nondisabled adults enrolled in Medicaid prior to the ACA with two other groups: adults who were eligible for Medicaid but not enrolled in it, and adults who were in the income range for the ACA's Medicaid expansion and thus newly eligible for coverage. They found that both the newly eligible and those eligible before the ACA but not enrolled were healthier on several measures than pre-ACA enrollees. They concluded that by expanding Medicaid eligibility, states could provide coverage to millions of healthier adults as well as to millions who have chronic conditions and who need care.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Hill SC, Abdus S, Hudson JL .
Adults in the income range for the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion are healthier than pre-ACA enrollees.
Health Aff 2014 Apr;33(4):691-9. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0743.
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Keywords: Health Insurance, Policy, Health Status, Low-Income, Medicaid, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
Rowland M, Peterson-Besse J, Dobbertin K
Health outcome disparities among subgroups of people with disabilities: a scoping review.
The authors described recent research activity that has examined health outcome disparities within populations of people with disabilities. They found that the health outcomes most frequently examined were diabetes and heart disease, and the most frequently examined disparity factors were the type of disabling condition and gender. Identifying that there are significant gaps in available research, they concluded that building a body of research that identifies disparities and potentially vulnerable subgroups may improve understanding of the causes of disparities and contribute to efforts to improve quality of life and health outcomes for individuals with disabilities.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Rowland M, Peterson-Besse J, Dobbertin K .
Health outcome disparities among subgroups of people with disabilities: a scoping review.
Disabil Health J 2014 Apr;7(2):136-50. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2013.09.003.
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Keywords: Disabilities, Disparities, Health Status, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
James KA, Fernald DH, Huff J
AHRQ Author: Ricciardi R
GAPS in implementing health assessments in primary care: a literature review.
The authors conducted a systematic review of literature about health assessments in ambulatory and primary care. They found that training and standardization of practice workflows improves implementation of health assessments, but gaps remain on identification and selection of health assessments, integration with electronic health records, and optimal intervals of health assessments administration.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 29020071008.
Citation: James KA, Fernald DH, Huff J .
GAPS in implementing health assessments in primary care: a literature review.
J Ambul Care Manage 2014 Jan-Mar;37(1):2-10. doi: 10.1097/jac.0000000000000000.
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Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Status, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Primary Care, Practice Patterns