National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 198 Research Studies DisplayedChou R, Blazina I, Bougatsos C
Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in nonpregnant adolescents and adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The authors updated the 2014 hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening review in nonpregnant adolescents and adults to inform the USPSTF. They found no direct evidence for the clinical benefits and harms of HBV screening vs no screening. Antiviral therapy for HBV infection was associated with improved intermediate outcomes and may improve clinical outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500009I.
Citation: Chou R, Blazina I, Bougatsos C .
Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in nonpregnant adolescents and adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2020 Dec 15;324(23):2423-36. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.19750..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Hepatitis, Chronic Conditions, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
Iribarren S, Lentz C, Sheinfil AZ
Using an HIV self-test kit to test a partner: attitudes and preferences among high-risk populations.
Researchers explored attitudes and preferences among HIV-negative men who have sex with men and HIV-negative transgender women using an HIV self-testing (HIVST) kit to test partners. They found that most preferred gum swab over fingerprick tests, but would prefer a blood test if it gave results for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They concluded that efforts to improve HIVST uptake should focus on incorporating testing for other STIs, reducing test kit size, and reducing cost.
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation: Iribarren S, Lentz C, Sheinfil AZ .
Using an HIV self-test kit to test a partner: attitudes and preferences among high-risk populations.
AIDS Behav 2020 Nov;24(11):3232-43. doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02885-3..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Infectious Diseases, Prevention
Cykert S, Keyserling TC, Pignone M
A controlled trial of dissemination and implementation of a cardiovascular risk reduction strategy in small primary care practices.
Researchers assessed the effect of dissemination and implementation of an intervention consisting of practice facilitation and a risk-stratified, population management dashboard on cardiovascular risk reduction for patients at high risk in small, primary care practices. They found that a risk-stratified, population management dashboard combined with practice facilitation led to substantial reductions of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk for patients at high risk. They recommended utilizing similar approaches to lead to effective dissemination and implementation of other new evidence, especially in rural and other under-resourced practices.
AHRQ-funded; HS023912.
Citation: Cykert S, Keyserling TC, Pignone M .
A controlled trial of dissemination and implementation of a cardiovascular risk reduction strategy in small primary care practices.
Health Serv Res 2020 Dec;55(6):944-53. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13571..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Prevention, Primary Care, Implementation, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Kim JJ, Johnson JK, Stucke EM
Burden of perianal Staphylococcus aureus colonization in nursing home residents increases transmission to healthcare worker gowns and gloves.
Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to health care workers (HCWs) on gowns and gloves has been an issue in nursing homes. This study evaluated the effect of the burden in 13 community-based nursing homes in Maryland and Michigan. Residents were cultured for S. aureus at the perianal skin and the anterior nares areas. A total of 403 residents were enrolled, with 169 colonized with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Transmission to HCW gowns and gloves was greater from those colonized with greater quantities of S. aureus on the perianal skin. These findings inform future infection control practices for both MRSA and MSSA in nursing homes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019979; HS025451.
Citation: Kim JJ, Johnson JK, Stucke EM .
Burden of perianal Staphylococcus aureus colonization in nursing home residents increases transmission to healthcare worker gowns and gloves.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020 Dec;41(12):1396-401. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.336..
Keywords: Elderly, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention
O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Rushkin MC
Behavioral counseling to pomote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Researchers reviewed the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions to improve diet and physical activity in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. They found that medium- and high-contact multisession behavioral counseling interventions to improve diet and increase physical activity for people with elevated blood pressure and lipid levels were effective in reducing cardiovascular events, blood pressure, low-density lipoproteins, and adiposity-related outcomes, with little to no risk of serious harm.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015I.
Citation: O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Rushkin MC .
Behavioral counseling to pomote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2020 Nov 24;324(20):2076-94. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17108..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Nutrition, Lifestyle Changes, Risk, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Fan T, Palma M
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Behavioral counseling interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections.
This case study of a 24-year-old cisgender woman presents three questions with answers concerning USPSTF recommendations about sexually transmitted infections and counseling.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fan T, Palma M .
Behavioral counseling interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Nov 15;102(10):623-24..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, Public Health, Prevention, Case Study, Guidelines
Gartlehner G, Vander Schaaf EB, Orr C
Gartlehner G, Vander Schaaf EB, Orr C, Kennedy SM, Clark R, Viswanathan M. Screening for hypertension in children and adolescents: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This paper is an evidence update that accompanies the final recommendation from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) on screening and treatment of hypertension in childhood and adolescence. The update confirmed the previous update that the evidence is inconclusive whether the diagnostic accuracy of blood pressure measurements is adequate for screening asymptomatic children and adolescents in primary care. Forty-two studies from 43 publications were included in the final review.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500011I.
Citation: Gartlehner G, Vander Schaaf EB, Orr C .
Gartlehner G, Vander Schaaf EB, Orr C, Kennedy SM, Clark R, Viswanathan M. Screening for hypertension in children and adolescents: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2020 Nov 10;324(18):1884-95. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.11119..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Blood Pressure, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention, Cardiovascular Conditions
Dykes PC, Burns Z, Adelman J
Evaluation of a patient-centered fall-prevention tool kit to reduce falls and injuries: a nonrandomized controlled trial.
The purpose of this study was to assess whether a fall-prevention tool kit that engages patients and families in the fall-prevention process throughout hospitalization is associated with reduced falls and injurious falls. Findings showed that, in this nonrandomized controlled trial, implementation of a fall-prevention tool kit was associated with a significant reduction in falls and related injuries. A patient-care team partnership appeared to be beneficial for prevention of falls and fall-related injuries.
AHRQ-funded; HS023535.
Citation: Dykes PC, Burns Z, Adelman J .
Evaluation of a patient-centered fall-prevention tool kit to reduce falls and injuries: a nonrandomized controlled trial.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Nov 2;3(11):e2025889. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25889..
Keywords: Falls, Injuries and Wounds, Prevention, Tools & Toolkits, Patient and Family Engagement, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Hospitalization, Hospitals
Lentz C, Iribarren S, Giguere R
Broaching the topic of HIV self-testing with potential sexual partners among men and transgender women who have sex with men in New York and Puerto Rico.
This randomized controlled trial examined whether access to free HIV self-testing (ST) kits had an impact on use of condoms during anal intercourse for 272 transgender women and men who have sex with men in New York City and San Juan, Puerto Rico. The trial included 136 persons in an intervention group and 136 persons in a control group. The intervention group had 32% fewer condomless anal intercourse (CAI) encounters- with the New York City group being statistically significant. In San Juan the results were non-significant, but two hurricanes may have impacted results in unmeasured ways.
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation: Lentz C, Iribarren S, Giguere R .
Broaching the topic of HIV self-testing with potential sexual partners among men and transgender women who have sex with men in New York and Puerto Rico.
AIDS Behav 2020 Nov;24(11):3033-43. doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02851-z..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Infectious Diseases, Sexual Health, Prevention, Screening
Reeder B, Makic MBF, Morrow C
AHRQ Author: Rodrick D
Design and evaluation of low-fidelity visual display prototypes for multiple hospital-acquired conditions.
Hospital-acquired conditions such as catheter-associated urinary tract infection, stage 3 or 4 hospital-acquired pressure injury, and falls with injury are common, costly, and largely preventable. This study used participatory design methods to design and evaluate low-fidelity prototypes of clinical dashboards to inform high-fidelity prototype designs to visualize integrated risks based on patient profiles.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 233201500025I; 23337003T.
Citation: Reeder B, Makic MBF, Morrow C .
Design and evaluation of low-fidelity visual display prototypes for multiple hospital-acquired conditions.
Comput Inform Nurs 2020 Nov;38(11):562-71. doi: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000668..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Risk, Hospitals, Prevention
Bavishi A, Bruce M, Ning H
Predictive accuracy of heart failure-specific risk equations in an electronic health record-based cohort.
The objective of this study was to assess the predictive accuracy of the Pooled Cohort Equations to Prevent Heart Failure within a primary prevention cohort derived from the electronic health record. Findings showed that a novel sex- and race-specific risk score predicts incident heart failure (HF) in a real-world, electronic health record-based cohort. Recommendations included integration of HF risk into the electronic health record to allow for risk-based discussion, enhanced surveillance, and targeted preventive interventions in order to reduce the public health burden of HF.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Bavishi A, Bruce M, Ning H .
Predictive accuracy of heart failure-specific risk equations in an electronic health record-based cohort.
Circ Heart Fail 2020 Nov;13(11):e007462. doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007462..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Prevention, Risk
Brown TJ Keshvani, N Gupta, et al.
Rates of appropriate laxative prophylaxis for opioid-induced constipation in veterans with lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
This study examined trends in the use of laxatives for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients prescribed opioids for cancer pain treatment. A retrospective study was conducted of lung cancer patients seen in the Veteran’s Affair system from 2003 to 2016. There were 130,990 individuals included in the analysis. The majority (87%) received no prophylaxis (75%) or received docusate alone while 5% received OIC prophylaxis with the unnecessary addition of docusate. Throughout the study period, laxative prescription significantly decreased while categories of OIC prophylaxis were unchanged. The study concluded that almost 90% received inadequate or inappropriate OIC prophylaxis.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Brown TJ Keshvani, N Gupta, et al..
Rates of appropriate laxative prophylaxis for opioid-induced constipation in veterans with lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
Support Care Cancer 2020 Nov;28(11):5315-21. doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05364-6..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Opioids, Medication, Prevention, Pain
Kranz AM, Ryan J, Mahmud A, AM, Ryan J, Mahmud A
Association of primary and specialty care integration on physician communication and cancer screening in safety-net clinics.
Lack of cancer screenings are more common in community health centers (CHCs) which provide primary care to disadvantaged populations due to difficulty accessing specialty care for their patients. This study’s objective was to describe CHCs use to integrate care with specialists and examine whether strongly integrated CHCs have higher rates of screening colorectal and cervical cancers. A 2017 survey of CHCs in 12 states and the District of Columbia was used to estimate the association between a composite measure of CHC/specialist integration and cancer screening rates and 4 measures of CHC/specialist communication using multivariate regression models. More integrated CHCs had higher screening rates of colorectal and cervical cancer and had significantly higher rates of knowing that specialist visits happened, knowing visit outcomes, receiving information after visits, and timely receipt of information.
AHRQ-funded; HS024067.
Citation: Kranz AM, Ryan J, Mahmud A, AM, Ryan J, Mahmud A .
Association of primary and specialty care integration on physician communication and cancer screening in safety-net clinics.
Prev Chronic Dis 2020 Oct 29;17:E134. doi: 10.5888/pcd17.200025..
Keywords: Cancer, Screening, Communication, Prevention, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Healthcare Delivery
Magee LA, Dir AL, Clifton RL
Patterns of adolescent gun carrying and gun-related crime arrests in Indianapolis, Indiana over an 11-year time period.
This study is a descriptive epidemiology analysis that examines patterns of gun carrying and gun-related crime arrests among justice-involved youth in Marion County, Indiana. Findings indicated that the proportions of juvenile arrests for both gun carrying and gun-related crime have substantially increased compared to ten years ago. The majority of gun-related repeat offenders were first arrested for gun carrying; thus, these gun-carrying arrests may be an opportunity to intervene on an individual level by providing treatment, other needed resources, and discussing safe firearm storage with families and communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS023318; HS022681.
Citation: Magee LA, Dir AL, Clifton RL .
Patterns of adolescent gun carrying and gun-related crime arrests in Indianapolis, Indiana over an 11-year time period.
Prev Med 2020 Oct;139:106199. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106199..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vulnerable Populations, Prevention
Mills J, Wonoprabowo L
AHRQ Author: Mills J
Primary care-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults.
This case study concerns a 14-year-old patient who presents for a well-child visit. The patient eats a healthy diet, is part of a local soccer league, is an overall good student, and just started high school in the fall. The patient denies trying any illicit substances but reports trying to “get high” from cough syrup. Three questions are presented, and answers provided.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Wonoprabowo L .
Primary care-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Oct 15;102(8):493-94..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Substance Abuse, Primary Care, Prevention, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Case Study, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Chou R, Dana T, Jungbauer R
Masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in health care and community settings : a living rapid review.
This study examined the effectiveness of N95, surgical, and cloth masks in community and health care settings for preventing respiratory virus infections, including coronavirus. The effects of reuse or extended use of N95 masks was also studied. The authors used multiple electronic databases, including the World Health Organization COVID-19 database and medRxiv preprint server (2003 through 2020), and reference lists. Randomized trials of masks and risks for respiratory virus infection were included. The studies were abstracted and methodological limitations were assessed by one reviewer, with a second reviewer providing verification. Thirty-nine studies with 33,867 participants were included. No studies were found that evaluated reuse or extended use of N95 masks. The studies showed that COVID-19 and MERS probably decreased with use versus nonuse and possibly decreased with N95 versus surgical mask use. Random trials in community settings found not much difference between N95 versus surgical masks. The studies’ findings were not definitive.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500009I.
Citation: Chou R, Dana T, Jungbauer R .
Masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in health care and community settings : a living rapid review.
Ann Intern Med 2020 Oct 6;173(7):542-55. doi: 10.7326/m20-3213..
Keywords: COVID-19, Respiratory Conditions, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Public Health, Evidence-Based Practice
Skaathun B, Pho MT, Pollack HA
Comparison of effectiveness and cost for different HIV screening strategies implemented at large urban medical centre in the United States.
This analysis compared the effectiveness and cost of three HIV testing strategies in a high HIV burden area in the U.S. in identifying new HIV infections. The investigators performed a cost analysis comparing three HIV testing strategies in Chicago: (1) routine screening (RS) in an inpatient and outpatient setting, (2) modified partner services (MPS) among networks of the recently HIV infected and diagnosed, and (3) a respondent drive sampling (RDS)-based social network (SN) approach targeting young African-American men who have sex with men.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Skaathun B, Pho MT, Pollack HA .
Comparison of effectiveness and cost for different HIV screening strategies implemented at large urban medical centre in the United States.
J Int AIDS Soc 2020 Oct;23(10):e25554. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25554..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Healthcare Costs, Prevention, Infectious Diseases
Whooten RC, Horan C, Cordes J
Evaluating the implementation of a before-school physical activity program: a mixed-methods approach in Massachusetts, 2018.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a widely available, before-school, physical activity program in a low-resource, racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse, urban school setting to identify adaptations needed for successful implementation. The investigators used a collaborative effort with stakeholders to implement the Build Our Kids' Success (BOKS) program in 3 schools in Revere, Massachusetts.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Whooten RC, Horan C, Cordes J .
Evaluating the implementation of a before-school physical activity program: a mixed-methods approach in Massachusetts, 2018.
Prev Chronic Dis 2020 Oct 1;17:E116. doi: 10.5888/pcd17.190445..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Implementation, Health Promotion, Prevention, Lifestyle Changes, Social Determinants of Health
Knerr S, West KM, Angelo FA
Organizational readiness to implement population-based screening and genetic service delivery for hereditary cancer prevention and control.
Programs conducting population-based screening and genetic service delivery for hereditary cancer prevention and control are rare in practice. The authors interviewed individuals instrumental in implementing seven unique clinical programs conducting either universal tumor screening for Lynch Syndrome or routine family history screening and provision of genetic services for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in the United States. Their findings suggest that developing interventions targeting change efficacy and cultivating practice change champions may be two promising ways to increase uptake of population-based hereditary cancer screening and genetic service delivery in clinical practice.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Knerr S, West KM, Angelo FA .
Organizational readiness to implement population-based screening and genetic service delivery for hereditary cancer prevention and control.
J Genet Couns 2020 Oct;29(5):867-76. doi: 10.1002/jgc4.1216.
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Keywords: Cancer, Screening, Genetics, Prevention, Guidelines, Healthcare Delivery, Organizational Change, Implementation
Bartsch SM, O'Shea KJ, Ferguson MC
Vaccine efficacy needed for a COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine to prevent or stop an epidemic as the sole intervention.
This study examined the needed efficacy and coverage of a COVID-19 vaccine to prevent or stop the pandemic. Simulation experiments were conducted at 60-80% efficacy rates. At 60% efficacy, vaccination coverage needs to be 100%. If the coverage rate is reduced to 75%, the efficacy needs to be 70% and up to 80% when coverage drops to 60%. These findings show that the vaccine needs to have at least an efficacy rate of 70% to prevent an epidemic and at least 80% to extinguish an epidemic without any other measures such as social distancing.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Bartsch SM, O'Shea KJ, Ferguson MC .
Vaccine efficacy needed for a COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine to prevent or stop an epidemic as the sole intervention.
Am J Prev Med 2020 Oct;59(4):493-503. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.011..
Keywords: Vaccination, COVID-19, Public Health, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Infectious Diseases
Davidson KW, Kemper AR, Doubeni CA
AHRQ Author: Mills J, Borsky A
Developing primary care-based recommendations for social determinants of health: methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
This article highlights social determinants already included in USPSTF recommendations and proposes a process by which others may be considered for primary care preventive recommendations. By reviewing the evidence on the effects of screening and interventions on social determinants relevant to primary care, the USPSTF will continue to be able to provide recommendations on clinical preventive services to improve the health of all Americans.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Davidson KW, Kemper AR, Doubeni CA .
Developing primary care-based recommendations for social determinants of health: methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2020 Sep 15;173(6):461-67. doi: 10.7326/m20-0730..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Primary Care, Social Determinants of Health, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Screening, Prevention
Shah SC, Itzkowitz SH
Reappraising risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplasia: implications for colonoscopic surveillance in IBD.
One of the most feared complications of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]-associated colitis is colorectal cancer. An opportunity for early detection is being missed in a group that is overlooked as high-risk, as a substantial proportion of colorectal cancers are being diagnosed in individuals with colonic IBD who have disease duration shorter than when guidelines recommend surveillance initiation. In this study, the investigators discuss a viewpoint that supports a paradigm shift that will ideally result in a more effective and higher-value colorectal cancer prevention approach in IBD.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Shah SC, Itzkowitz SH .
Reappraising risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplasia: implications for colonoscopic surveillance in IBD.
J Crohns Colitis 2020 Sep 7;14(8):1172-77. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa040..
Keywords: Digestive Disease and Health, Risk, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Colonoscopy, Prevention, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Screening
Nagykaldi Z, Scheid D, Zhao YD
A sustainable model for preventive services in rural counties: the healthier together study.
The Healthier Together study aimed to implement and evaluate a sustainable, rural community-based patient outreach model for preventive care provided through primary care practices located in 3 rural counties in Oklahoma. Forty-four eligible clinician practices participated in the study. Results showed that, although health care is under-resourced and segmented in many rural counties, when stakeholder partnerships are established, they may be able to achieve and economically sustain community-wide health improvement by creating a win-win situation for all partners.
AHRQ-funded; HS023237.
Citation: Nagykaldi Z, Scheid D, Zhao YD .
A sustainable model for preventive services in rural counties: the healthier together study.
J Am Board Fam Med 2020 Sep-Oct;33(5):698-706. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2020.05.190357..
Keywords: Rural Health, Prevention, Primary Care: Models of Care, Primary Care, Community-Based Practice
Gall E, Long A, Hall KK
Chlorhexidine bathing strategies for multidrug-resistant organisms: a summary of recent evidence.
This systematic literature review investigated the latest evidence for patient bathing with a 2%-4% chlorhexidine gluconate solution to reduce multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) transmission and infection. Three databases were searched for articles from 2008 through 2018, as well as any key articles published after 2018. Findings focused on health care-associated infections (HAIs) and 3 categories of MDROs: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Chlorhexidine reduced MRSA acquisition and carriage, but no studies found significant reductions in infections. Several studies found that chlorhexidine bathing reduced VRE acquisition and carriage. Two very large studies found bathing significantly reduced HAIs, but these reductions may be smaller when HAIs are already controlled with other anti-infection measures.
AHRQ-funded; HHSP233201500013I.
Citation: Gall E, Long A, Hall KK .
Chlorhexidine bathing strategies for multidrug-resistant organisms: a summary of recent evidence.
J Patient Saf 2020 Sep;16(3S Suppl 1):S16-s22. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000743..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety, Infectious Diseases
Schoyer E, Hall K
Environmental cleaning and decontamination to prevent clostridioides difficile infection in health care settings: a systematic review.
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the most effective and feasible methods for environmental cleaning and decontamination to prevent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in health care settings. The investigators concluded that the studied practices for environmental cleaning and decontamination were associated with significant decreases in facility-level CDI rates in most of the reviewed studies; however, study quality was low.
AHRQ-funded; 233201500013I.
Citation: Schoyer E, Hall K .
Environmental cleaning and decontamination to prevent clostridioides difficile infection in health care settings: a systematic review.
J Patient Saf 2020 Sep;16(3S Suppl 1):S12-s15. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000749..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Patient Safety