National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Access to Care (2)
- Behavioral Health (1)
- Case Study (3)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Chronic Conditions (5)
- (-) Diabetes (23)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (5)
- Disparities (4)
- Evidence-Based Practice (6)
- Eye Disease and Health (1)
- Guidelines (7)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (1)
- Health Systems (1)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1)
- Low-Income (1)
- Maternal Care (1)
- Medicaid (1)
- Medication (1)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Pregnancy (5)
- Prevention (13)
- Primary Care (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (4)
- Risk (2)
- Rural Health (2)
- (-) Screening (23)
- Social Determinants of Health (1)
- Tobacco Use (1)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (8)
- Urban Health (1)
- Women (5)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 23 of 23 Research Studies DisplayedLenoir KM, Sandberg JC, Miller DP
Patient perspectives on a targeted text messaging campaign to encourage screening for diabetes: qualitative study.
This study investigated whether patients would be receptive to receiving text messages that alert them to a risk of having an elevated HbA(1c) in direct-to-patient alerts that use cold texting. A total of 6 focus groups were conducted at Wake Forest Baptist Health (WFBH) between September 2019 and February 2020. The participants were adult patients without diabetes who had completed an in-person visit at the Family and Community Medicine Clinic within the previous year. The investigators displayed a series of text messages and asked the participants to react to the message content and suggest improvements. Participants (n = 36) were generally receptive to the idea of receiving a text-based alert for HbA(1c) screening. The use of plain and positive language, integrating elements of personalization, and defining new processes clearly were identified by participants as modifiable content elements that could act as facilitators that would help overcome barriers to engagement with these messages. The patients’ relationship with their providers and the financial costs associated with texts and screening may affect receptiveness and engagement in this process.
AHRQ-funded; HS026803.
Citation: Lenoir KM, Sandberg JC, Miller DP .
Patient perspectives on a targeted text messaging campaign to encourage screening for diabetes: qualitative study.
JMIR Form Res 2023 Jan 17; 7:e41011. doi: 10.2196/41011..
Keywords: Diabetes, Screening, Prevention, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Mills J, Barnhart H
AHRQ Author: Mills J
Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.
This Putting Prevention into Practice case study is used to increase understanding of the USPSTF final recommendation on screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. A case study was presented using a 12-year-old-patient with no specific concerns but had gained 18 pounds since their last wellness visit and lives a sedentary lifestyle. The patient’s family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus in maternal and paternal grandparents is described. Three multiple-choice questions are presented regarding harms and benefits of screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes for that patient.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Barnhart H .
Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.
Am Fam Physician 2023 Jan; 107(1):79-80..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Diabetes, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Prevention, Chronic Conditions, Case Study
Lock LJ, Channa R, Brennan MB
Effect of health system on the association of rurality and level of disadvantage with receipt of diabetic eye screening.
The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the role of level of disadvantage in diabetic eye screening to explain the effect of health systems on rural and urban disparities. Researchers used an all-payer, statewide claims database to include adult Wisconsin residents with diabetes who had claims billed throughout the baseline and measurement years. Results indicated that patients from urban underserved clinics were more likely to receive screening than those from rural underserved clinics; similar findings emerged for both Medicare and non-Medicare subgroups. The researchers concluded that health systems, especially those that serve urban underserved populations, have an opportunity to increase screening rates by leveraging health system-level interventions and supporting patients in overcoming barriers.
AHRQ-funded; HS026279.
Citation: Lock LJ, Channa R, Brennan MB .
Effect of health system on the association of rurality and level of disadvantage with receipt of diabetic eye screening.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022 Dec;10(6):e003174. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003174..
Keywords: Rural Health, Access to Care, Screening, Diabetes, Eye Disease and Health, Disparities, Chronic Conditions, Health Systems
Jonas DE, Vander Schaaf EB, Riley S
Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this study was to explore the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening children and adolescents for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). The researchers utilized references; experts; literature surveillance, and PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and trial registries. The final review included 8 publications with 856 participants with a mean age of 14 years. The researchers found that none of the eligible studies directly assessed the benefits or harms of preventive screening. The limited eligible clinical trials reported few health outcomes and found no difference between groups.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: Jonas DE, Vander Schaaf EB, Riley S .
Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Sep 13;328(10):968-79. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.7957..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Diabetes, Screening, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Thomas TW, Golin CE, Kinlaw AC
Did the 2015 USPSTF abnormal blood glucose recommendations change clinician attitudes or behaviors? A mixed-method assessment.
In 2015, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) revised clinical recommendations to more broadly recommend abnormal blood glucose screening and more clearly recommend referral to behavioral interventions for adults with prediabetes. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the 2015 USPSTF recommendation changes on abnormal blood glucose screening and referral to behavioral interventions, and to examine physicians' perceptions of the revised recommendation.
AHRQ-funded; HS025561; HS000032.
Citation: Thomas TW, Golin CE, Kinlaw AC .
Did the 2015 USPSTF abnormal blood glucose recommendations change clinician attitudes or behaviors? A mixed-method assessment.
J Gen Intern Med 2022 Jan;37(1):15-22. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-06749-x..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Diabetes, Screening, Guidelines, Prevention
Tracer H, Mohnot S
Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In this “Putting Prevention Into Practice An Evidence-Based Approach”, the authors provide a case study with questions and answers related to Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Tracer H, Mohnot S .
Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Am Fam Physician 2022 Jan 1;105(1):73-74..
Am Fam Physician 2022 Jan 1;105(1):73-74..
Keywords: Diabetes, Screening, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Case Study
Mills J, Mohnot S
AHRQ Author: Mills J
Screening for gestational diabetes.
This “Putting Prevention into Practice: An Evidence Based Approach” paper is a case study with questions and answers related to a patient with gestational diabetes.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Mohnot S .
Screening for gestational diabetes.
Am Fam Physician 2021 Dec 1;104(6):641-42..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Diabetes, Pregnancy, Screening, Prevention, Women, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Case Study
Pillay J, Donovan L, Guitard S
Screening for gestational diabetes: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The objective of this study was to update the 2012 review on screening for gestational diabetes to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. The investigators concluded that direct evidence on screening vs no screening remained limited. One- vs 2-step screening was not significantly associated with improved health outcomes. At or after 24 weeks of gestation, treatment of gestational diabetes was significantly associated with improved health outcomes.
Citation: Pillay J, Donovan L, Guitard S .
Screening for gestational diabetes: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2021 Aug 10;326(6):539-62. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.10404..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Diabetes, Pregnancy, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Women, Prevention, Guidelines
Thomas TW, Golin C, Samuel-Hodge CD
Race and gender differences in abnormal blood glucose screening and clinician response to prediabetes: a mixed-methods assessment.
The projected three-fold increase in diabetes burden by 2060 in the United States will affect certain race and gender groups disproportionately. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to assess differences in prediabetes screening and clinician response to prediabetes by patient race and gender. The investigators found that qualitatively, physicians reported a non-systematic approach to prediabetes screening and follow-up care related to: 1) System-level barriers to screening and treatment; 2) Implicit bias; 3) Patient factors; and 4) Physician preferences for prediabetes treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS025561; HS000032.
Citation: Thomas TW, Golin C, Samuel-Hodge CD .
Race and gender differences in abnormal blood glucose screening and clinician response to prediabetes: a mixed-methods assessment.
Prev Med 2021 Jul;148:106587. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106587..
Keywords: Diabetes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Screening, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Herrick CJ, Keller MR, Trolard AM
Factors associated with postpartum diabetes screening in women with gestational diabetes and Medicaid during pregnancy.
This study’s goal was to understand the factors associated with the receipt of postpartum diabetes screening for women with gestational diabetes in a state without Medicaid expansion. Findings showed that prenatal certified diabetes education and access to public transportation were associated with increased screening, the total number of prenatal visits, the use of diabetes medication during pregnancy, and a pregnancy-specific comorbidity index that incorporated age.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Herrick CJ, Keller MR, Trolard AM .
Factors associated with postpartum diabetes screening in women with gestational diabetes and Medicaid during pregnancy.
Am J Prev Med 2021 Feb;60(2):222-31. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.028..
Keywords: Diabetes, Screening, Maternal Care, Pregnancy, Women, Medicaid, Access to Care
Koller KR, Day GE, Hiratsuka VY
Increase in diabetes among urban Alaska Native people in the Alaska EARTH follow-up study: a call for prediabetes screening, diagnosis, and referral for intervention.
This study estimated incidence of diabetes (DM) and pre-DM relative to DM risk factors among relatively healthy Alaska Native and American Indian (AN) adults living in urban south-central Alaska. Results showed that, controlling for age and sex, obesity, abdominal adiposity, pre-DM, and metabolic syndrome independently increased DM risk. Recommendations included advising health care providers of AN populations to seize the opportunity to screen, refer, and treat individuals with pre-DM and other modifiable DM risk factors prior to DM diagnosis in order to alter the epidemiologic course of disease progression in this urban AN population.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Koller KR, Day GE, Hiratsuka VY .
Increase in diabetes among urban Alaska Native people in the Alaska EARTH follow-up study: a call for prediabetes screening, diagnosis, and referral for intervention.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020 Sep;167:108357. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108357..
Keywords: Diabetes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health, Risk, Prevention, Screening, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Chronic Conditions
Obinwa U, Pérez A, Lingvay I
Multilevel variation in diabetes screening within an integrated health system.
Variation in diabetes screening in clinical practice is poorly described. In this study, the investigators examined the interplay of patient, provider, and clinic factors explaining variation in diabetes screening within an integrated health care system in the U.S. They concluded that screening practices varied widely and were only partially explained by patient, provider, and clinic factors available in the EHR.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Obinwa U, Pérez A, Lingvay I .
Multilevel variation in diabetes screening within an integrated health system.
Diabetes Care 2020 May;43(5):1016-24. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1622..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Diabetes, Screening, Primary Care, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Chronic Conditions
Herrick CJ, Keller MR, Trolard AM
Postpartum diabetes screening among low income women with gestational diabetes in Missouri 2010-2015.
This study looked at postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes among low-income women who were previously diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes increases risk for developing type 2 diabetes 7-fold so it is recommended that screening is done within months after delivery. Results in a Missouri population found that almost 20% were screened within the first year of delivery.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Herrick CJ, Keller MR, Trolard AM .
Postpartum diabetes screening among low income women with gestational diabetes in Missouri 2010-2015.
BMC Public Health 2019 Feb 4;19(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6475-0..
Keywords: Diabetes, Low-Income, Pregnancy, Screening, Women
Wingood GM, Lambert D, Renfro T
A multilevel intervention with African American churches to enhance adoption of point-of-care HIV and diabetes testing, 2014-2018.
This article describes a multilevel intervention to enhance the adoption of point-of-care HIV and diabetes testing at church health fairs in Atlanta, GA. Church leaders viewed a video and subsequently conducted social activities that support testing; a third of the churches involved hosted HIV and diabetes health fairs and resulted in an increase in attendees receiving HIV or diabetes testing. The authors conclude that this implementation science approach could reduce HIV and diabetes disparities among African Americans.
AHRQ-funded; HS022059.
Citation: Wingood GM, Lambert D, Renfro T .
A multilevel intervention with African American churches to enhance adoption of point-of-care HIV and diabetes testing, 2014-2018.
Am J Public Health 2019 Feb;109(S2):S141-s44. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2019.304990..
Keywords: Diabetes, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Screening
Lobo JM, Anderson R, Stukenborg GJ
Disparities in the use of diabetes screening in Appalachia.
This study examines disparities in the use of diabetes screening in Appalachia. Results showed that at-risk counties had significantly lower screening rates than competitive counties. Recommendations include introducing social policies that improve socioeconomic status and educational attainment, and health policies that reduce barriers to access to care in order to reduce disparities in diabetes screening rates in the less affluent Appalachian counties.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Lobo JM, Anderson R, Stukenborg GJ .
Disparities in the use of diabetes screening in Appalachia.
J Rural Health 2018 Mar;34(2):173-81. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12247..
Keywords: Diabetes, Rural Health, Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, Screening, Prevention
Bowen ME, Xuan L, Lingvay I
Doc, I just ate: interpreting random blood glucose values in patients with unknown glycemic status.
This study sought to improve interpretation of RBG values in non-fasting individuals without self-reported dysglycemia and characterize the relationship between RBG and time since last caloric intake. It concluded that, in a nationally representative sample of non-fasting, community-dwelling individuals, those with undiagnosed dysglycemia had significantly higher RBG values than those with normoglycemia within 9 hours of caloric intake.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Bowen ME, Xuan L, Lingvay I .
Doc, I just ate: interpreting random blood glucose values in patients with unknown glycemic status.
J Gen Intern Med 2018 Feb;33(2):142-44. doi: 10.1007/s11606-017-4213-9.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Screening
Bowen ME, Xuan L, Lingvay I
Performance of a random glucose case-finding strategy to detect undiagnosed diabetes.
This study describes a case-finding approach using non-diagnostic random glucose values to identify individuals in need of diabetes testing and compares its performance to current screening guidelines. Using random glucose >/=100 mg/dL to identify individuals in need of diabetes, it determined that screening is highly sensitive and specific, performing better than current screening guidelines. Case-finding strategies informed by random glucose data may improve diabetes detection.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Bowen ME, Xuan L, Lingvay I .
Performance of a random glucose case-finding strategy to detect undiagnosed diabetes.
Am J Prev Med 2017 Jun;52(6):710-16. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.023.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Risk, Screening
Tung EL, Baig AA, Huang ES
Racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes screening between asian americans and other adults: BRFSS 2012-2014.
The researchers assessed racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes screening between Asian Americans and other adults. They found that Asian Americans were the least likely racial and ethnic group to receive recommended diabetes screening. Overall, Asian Americans had 34 percent lower adjusted odds of receiving recommended diabetes screening compared to non-Hispanic whites.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Tung EL, Baig AA, Huang ES .
Racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes screening between asian americans and other adults: BRFSS 2012-2014.
J Gen Intern Med 2017 Apr;32(4):423-29. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3913-x.
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Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Diabetes, Screening, Disparities, Prevention
Morrato EH, Brewer SE, Campagna EJ
Glucose testing for adults receiving Medicaid and antipsychotics: a population-based prescriber survey on behaviors, attitudes, and barriers.
The authors aimed to assess provider attitudes about glucose testing for adults prescribed second-generation antipsychotic medication. They concluded that establishing organizational priority across all treatment settings is important for achieving population-based diabetes screening goals for all Medicaid patients receiving antipsychotics.
AHRQ-funded; HS019464.
Citation: Morrato EH, Brewer SE, Campagna EJ .
Glucose testing for adults receiving Medicaid and antipsychotics: a population-based prescriber survey on behaviors, attitudes, and barriers.
Psychiatr Serv 2016 Jul 1;67(7):798-802. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201500181.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Behavioral Health, Practice Patterns, Screening
Ngo-Metzger Q, Owings J
AHRQ Author: Ngo-Metzger Q
Screening for abnormal blood glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This case study involves a 43-year-old woman with a seven pack-year smoking history. She has no health concerns and has not visited a physician in four years. Her blood pressure and pulse are normal, and her body mass index (BMI) is 27 kg per m2. She does not have a family history of diabetes mellitus. The case study poses three multiple choice questions together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Ngo-Metzger Q, Owings J .
Screening for abnormal blood glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Am Fam Physician 2016 Jun 15;93(12):1025-6.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Diabetes, Screening, Tobacco Use, Guidelines
Scifres CM, Abebe KZ, Jones KA
Gestational diabetes diagnostic methods (GD2M) pilot randomized trial.
The researchers tested the feasibility of conducting a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) versus Carpenter-Coustan diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes (GDM), and examined patient and provider views on GDM screening. They found that both pregnant women and providers value GDM screening, and pregnant women can be recruited to a blinded, randomized GDM screening trial with minimal attrition and missing data.
AHRQ-funded; HS019461.
Citation: Scifres CM, Abebe KZ, Jones KA .
Gestational diabetes diagnostic methods (GD2M) pilot randomized trial.
Matern Child Health J 2015 Jul;19(7):1472-80. doi: 10.1007/s10995-014-1651-4..
Keywords: Diabetes, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Pregnancy, Screening, Women
Selph S, Dana T, Blazina I
Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
This new systematic review of screening for diabetes updating a 2008 USPSTF review concluded that screening did not improve mortality rates after 10 years of follow-up. More evidence is needed to determine the effectiveness of treatments for screen-detected diabetes. Treatment of impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance was associated with delayed progression to diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; 290200710057I.
Citation: Selph S, Dana T, Blazina I .
Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Jun 2;162(11):765-76. doi: 10.7326/m14-2221..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Diabetes, Screening
Chung S, Azar KM, Baek M
Reconsidering the age thresholds for type II diabetes screening in the U.S.
In order to examine the optimal age cut-point for opportunistic universal screening (as opposed to targeted screening), the researchers used a nationally representative sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2010) and other resources. They found that opportunistic screening among individuals 35 years of age and older could greatly reduce the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes or pre-diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019815; HS019815.
Citation: Chung S, Azar KM, Baek M .
Reconsidering the age thresholds for type II diabetes screening in the U.S.
Am J Prev Med. 2014 Oct;47(4):375-81. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.012..
Keywords: Diabetes, Screening, Prevention, Chronic Conditions