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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 4 of 4 Research Studies DisplayedFlannery DD, Mukhopadhyay S, Morales KH
Delivery characteristics and the risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis.
This retrospective cohort study identified term and preterm infants at lowest risk of culture-confirmed early-onset sepsis (EOS) using delivery characteristics and also determined antibiotic use among them. The study cohort included term and preterm infants born 2009 to 2014 with blood culture with or without cerebrospinal fluid culture obtained ≤72 hours after birth. Low EOS risk criteria included: cesarean delivery, without labor or membrane rupture before delivery, and no antepartum concern for intraamniotic infection or nonreassuring fetal status. Among 53,575 births, 7549 (14.1%) were evaluated and 41 (0.5%) of those infants had EOS. For 1121 evaluated infants there were low-risk delivery characteristics and none had EOS. Duration of antibiotics administered to infants born with and without low-risk characteristics was not different.
AHRQ-funded; HS027468.
Citation: Flannery DD, Mukhopadhyay S, Morales KH .
Delivery characteristics and the risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis.
Pediatrics 2022 Feb;149(2). doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-052900..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Sepsis, Risk, Labor and Delivery, Antibiotics, Medication
Kadri SS, Lai YL, Warner S
Inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for bloodstream infections based on discordant in-vitro susceptibilities: a retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and mortality risk in US hospitals.
Researchers sought to establish the population-level burden, predictors, and mortality risk of in-vitro susceptibility-discordant empirical antibiotic therapy among patients with bloodstream infections. They found that approximately one in five patients with bloodstream infections in US hospitals received discordant empirical antibiotic therapy, receipt of which was closely associated with infection with antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Receiving discordant empirical antibiotic therapy was associated with increased odds of mortality overall, even in patients without sepsis. They concluded that early identification of bloodstream pathogens and resistance will probably improve population-level outcomes.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Kadri SS, Lai YL, Warner S .
Inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for bloodstream infections based on discordant in-vitro susceptibilities: a retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and mortality risk in US hospitals.
Lancet Infect Dis 2021 Feb;21(2):241-51. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30477-1..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Sepsis, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Mortality, Risk
Chaudhary NS, Donnelly JP, Moore JX
Association of baseline steroid use with long-term rates of infection and sepsis in the REGARDS cohort.
Prior studies associate steroid use with infection risk but were limited to select populations and short follow-up periods. This population-based cohort study sought to determine the association of steroid risk with long-term risks of community- acquired infections and sepsis. It concluded that baseline steroid use was associated with increased long-term risks of community-acquired infections and sepsis.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Chaudhary NS, Donnelly JP, Moore JX .
Association of baseline steroid use with long-term rates of infection and sepsis in the REGARDS cohort.
Crit Care 2017 Jul 13;21(1):185. doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1767-1.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Medication, Sepsis, Risk
Kane-Gill SL, Sileanu FE, Murugan R
Risk factors for acute kidney injury in older adults with critical illness: a retrospective cohort study.
The authors sought to delineate the determinants of risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) in older compared with younger adults. They found that among the risk factors for AKI in the oldest age category were drugs (vancomycin, aminoglycosides, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories), history of hypertension, and sepsis. Fewer variables remained predictive of AKI as age increased and the model for older patients was less predictive.
AHRQ-funded; HS018721.
Citation: Kane-Gill SL, Sileanu FE, Murugan R .
Risk factors for acute kidney injury in older adults with critical illness: a retrospective cohort study.
Am J Kidney Dis 2015 Jun;65(6):860-9. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.10.018.
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Keywords: Elderly, Kidney Disease and Health, Medication, Risk, Sepsis