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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedGlenn BA, Nonzee NJ, Tieu L
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the transition between adolescence and adulthood.
This study looked at the barriers to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young adults receiving care at the student health center of a large public university. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews (n=27) and four focus groups with undergraduate and graduate students (n=18) and semi-structured interviews with 6 health care providers. The interviews and focus groups explored perceived risk of HPV infection, benefits of the HPV vaccine, and motivations for and barriers to HPV vaccination. Many students cited their parents’ views and recommendations from their medical providers as influential on their decision-making process. Cervical cancer prevention was considered the main benefit of the HPV vaccine and sexual activity was a risk factor for HPV infection. Students often lacked knowledge about the vaccine’s benefit for males. Safety and side effects of the vaccine perceived as new were also cited. Providers’ vaccine recommendations were impacted by health system factors including clinical infrastructure, office visit priorities, and processes for recommending and documentation vaccination. Providers suggested various promotion strategies including improving the timing and messaging of outreach efforts on campus and bolstering clinical infrastructure.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Glenn BA, Nonzee NJ, Tieu L .
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the transition between adolescence and adulthood.
Vaccine 2021 Jun 8;39(25):3435-44. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.019..
Keywords: Young Adults, Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, Vaccination, Prevention, Cancer: Cervical Cancer, Cancer, Women
Hill LM, Maseko B, Chagomerana M
HIV risk, risk perception, and PrEP interest among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi: operationalizing the PrEP cascade.
The objective of this study was to understand the level of interest in oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) at highest HIV risk and the potential role of perceived risk in motivating PrEP interest. Findings highlighted key relationships between epidemiologic HIV risk, risk perception, and interest in PrEP. The high number of participants with risk scores below the high-risk cutoff who both expressed high perceived risk and interest in PrEP suggested that the demand for PrEP among AGYW may not be well-aligned with epidemiologic risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Hill LM, Maseko B, Chagomerana M .
HIV risk, risk perception, and PrEP interest among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi: operationalizing the PrEP cascade.
J Int AIDS Soc 2020 Jun;23 Suppl 3:e25502. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25502..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Risk, Prevention, Women, Children/Adolescents, Young Adults
Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eichen DM, Kass AE
Reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid pathology among women at very high risk for eating disorder onset.
This study examined short-term reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid symptoms and behaviors over the course of 24 months using cross-lagged panel models. Subjects were women 18-25 years old at high risk for onset of an eating disorder (ED), randomized to an online ED preventive intervention or waitlist control. Results supported focusing intervention on reducing weight/shape concern over reducing comorbid constructs for efficient short-term change.
AHRQ-funded; HS00078.
Citation: Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eichen DM, Kass AE .
Reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid pathology among women at very high risk for eating disorder onset.
Eat Weight Disord 2019 Dec;24(6):1189-98. doi: 10.1007/s40519-017-0469-7..
Keywords: Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Women, Risk, Behavioral Health, Young Adults
Rosenberg SM, Vaz-Luis I, Gong J
Employment trends in young women following a breast cancer diagnosis.
This cohort study examined employment trends in young women (age 40 or less) following a breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. The participants were 911 women who were enrolled in the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Study with non-metastatic breast cancer who were surveyed about employment-related outcomes 1 year post-diagnosis. Most women (80%) were employed 1 year after diagnosis. Among employed women, 7% said treatment affected their job performance. Seven percent of women reported unemployment at 1 year, with half of them reporting health reasons for their unemployment. Women with Stage 3 disease, and those who reporting having money to pay bills after cutting back or difficulty paying bills at baseline were more likely to be unemployed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023680.
Citation: Rosenberg SM, Vaz-Luis I, Gong J .
Employment trends in young women following a breast cancer diagnosis.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019 Aug;177(1):207-14. doi: 10.1007/s10549-019-05293-x..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Women, Young Adults
Javier SJ, Belgrave FZ
"I'm not white, I have to be pretty and skinny": a qualitative exploration of body image and eating disorders among Asian American women.
The authors examined the relationships between body image, eating disorders, and treatment-seeking motivations among Asian American women ages 18-24. Using focus groups, they developed a model to be utilized by practitioners or clinicians to help obtain a better understanding of the societal, interpersonal, and intrapersonal forces that may shape conceptualizations about body image and eating behaviors among Asian American women. In addition, findings from this study can be incorporated into prevention programs and interventions that focus on mental health among this population.
AHRQ-funded; HS023731.
Citation: Javier SJ, Belgrave FZ .
"I'm not white, I have to be pretty and skinny": a qualitative exploration of body image and eating disorders among Asian American women.
Asian Am J Psychol 2019 Jun;10(2):141-53. doi: 10.1037/aap0000133..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women, Young Adults
Rice WS, Turan B, White K
Norms and stigma around unintended pregnancy in Alabama: associations with recent contraceptive use and dual method use among young women.
This study investigated the role of unintended pregnancy norms and stigma in contraceptive use among young women in Alabama. A total of 390 women aged 18-24 were surveyed from November 2014 to October 2015 at university and public health clinics. These women were considered at risk for unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Compared to nonusers, users of contraceptives were more likely to be White, nulliparous, from the university and had higher income. Disapproval of unintended pregnancy by close family and friends was associated with greater contraceptive use.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Rice WS, Turan B, White K .
Norms and stigma around unintended pregnancy in Alabama: associations with recent contraceptive use and dual method use among young women.
Women Health 2018 Nov-Dec;58(10):1151-66. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2017.1414099.
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Keywords: Sexual Health, Pregnancy, Social Stigma, Women, Young Adults
Upadhya KK, Jalazo ER, Connor KA
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB
Optimizing preconception health among young women: what are we missing?
This study evaluated whether receipt of specific preconception counseling topics differs between teen, young adult, and older mothers. It found that teen mothers were less than half as likely to be counseled about taking folic acid, 4 times more likely to be counseled about vaccines, and twice as likely to be counseled about mental health before pregnancy compared with adult mothers.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Upadhya KK, Jalazo ER, Connor KA .
Optimizing preconception health among young women: what are we missing?
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016 Oct;29(5):464-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2016.02.010.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Sexual Health, Maternal Care, Pregnancy, Women, Young Adults
Bertrand KA, Baer HJ, Orav EJ
Early life body fatness, serum anti-mullerian hormone, and breast density in young adult women.
Researchers examined associations of early life body fatness, serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentrations, and breast density among 172 women in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC). They found no evidence that current or early life BMI influences AMH concentrations in later life. Women with higher concentrations of AMH had similar percent and absolute dense breast volume, but lower nondense volume.
AHRQ-funded; HS019789.
Citation: Bertrand KA, Baer HJ, Orav EJ .
Early life body fatness, serum anti-mullerian hormone, and breast density in young adult women.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016 Jul;25(7):1151-7. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0185.
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Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Women, Young Adults
Smith W, Turan JM, White K
Social norms and stigma regarding unintended pregnancy and pregnancy decisions: a qualitative study of young women in Alabama.
The authors sought to describe the presence and manifestations of social norms and stigmas associated with unintended pregnancy and related decision making from the perspective of young women in the southern United States. They found that the community expected young women faced with unintended pregnancies to bear and raise their children, viewing them more positively than women who chose abortion or adoption. They concluded that there's a need to reduce stigma and create a social environment in which young women are empowered to make the best reproductive decisions for themselves.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Smith W, Turan JM, White K .
Social norms and stigma regarding unintended pregnancy and pregnancy decisions: a qualitative study of young women in Alabama.
Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2016 Jun;48(2):73-81. doi: 10.1363/48e9016.
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Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Pregnancy, Social Stigma, Women, Young Adults
Atkins DN, Bradford WD
Association between increased emergency contraception availability and risky sexual practices.
The researchers use a national survey of youth to explore the relationship between increased emergency contraception (EC) availability and the probability of risky sexual practices for women over age 18. They found that FDA approval of behind the counter sales of an EC pill was associated with a reduction in the probability of sexual activity, and in the likelihood of reporting multiple partnerships; however, there was no relationship between the new policy and unprotected sexual activity.
AHRQ-funded; HS011326
Citation: Atkins DN, Bradford WD .
Association between increased emergency contraception availability and risky sexual practices.
Health Serv Res. 2015 Jun;50(3):809-29. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12251.
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Keywords: Women, Sexual Health, Young Adults, Policy