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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Access to Care (3)
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Blood Thinners (1)
- Care Management (5)
- Case Study (1)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Communication (3)
- Community-Based Practice (9)
- Education: Academic (1)
- Education: Continuing Medical Education (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (2)
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- Health Services Research (HSR) (1)
- Home Healthcare (1)
- Hospital Discharge (1)
- Medicaid (2)
- Medicare (1)
- Medication (19)
- Medication: Safety (4)
- Opioids (4)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (3)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (2)
- Patient and Family Engagement (1)
- Patient Safety (3)
- Patient Self-Management (1)
- Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN) (2)
- Prevention (1)
- Primary Care (1)
- Primary Care: Models of Care (1)
- Provider (7)
- (-) Provider: Pharmacist (25)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (2)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Rural Health (1)
- Screening (1)
- Social Media (1)
- Substance Abuse (4)
- Tools & Toolkits (1)
- Training (1)
- Urban Health (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 25 Research Studies DisplayedGreen TC, Bratberg J, Baird J
Rurality and differences in pharmacy characteristics and community factors associated with provision of naloxone in the pharmacy.
Researchers studied pharmacy-level naloxone dispensed from one large US community pharmacy chain from the 1st quarter of 2013 to the 2nd quarter of 2017, examining associations between naloxone provision and pharmacy-level characteristics and community factors in two US states, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. They found that more rural pharmacies, pharmacies with higher volumes of all prescriptions and of buprenorphine, that sell more nonprescription syringes, that have drive-throughs and longer weekend hours, and that are located in communities with younger age distributions were associated with increased likelihood of ever dispensing naloxone and a greater number of naloxone doses dispensed. They concluded that pharmacy naloxone dispensing may be an especially effective strategy to alter the overdose risk environment in rural communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Green TC, Bratberg J, Baird J .
Rurality and differences in pharmacy characteristics and community factors associated with provision of naloxone in the pharmacy.
Int J Drug Policy 2020 Nov;85:102602. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.11.010..
Keywords: Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Community-Based Practice, Rural Health
Alley L, Novak K, Havlin T
Development and pilot of a prescription drug monitoring program and communication intervention for pharmacists
The authors developed the Resources Encouraging Safe Prescription Opioid and Naloxone Dispensing (RESPOND) Toolkit to enhance community pharmacists' understanding of their role in addressing opioid safety; to improve integration of prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) into daily workflow; and to enhance communication between pharmacists, prescribers, and patients. In this paper, they described the development of the RESPOND Toolkit and summarized their findings from initial pilot testing. They concluded that the RESPOND Toolkit has promise as an effective and scalable approach to providing community pharmacist-tailored training to promote behavioral shifts supporting opioid safety for patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS024227.
Citation: Alley L, Novak K, Havlin T .
Development and pilot of a prescription drug monitoring program and communication intervention for pharmacists
Res Social Adm Pharm 2020 Oct;16(10):1422-30. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.12.023..
Keywords: Opioids, Substance Abuse, Medication, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety, Tools & Toolkits, Communication, Provider: Pharmacist, Provider, Training
Donovan E, Bratberg J, Baird J
Pharmacy leaders' beliefs about how pharmacies can support a sustainable approach to providing naloxone to the community.
The objective of this qualitative study was to understand how leaders in pharmacy organizations perceive pharmacies and pharmacy staff can optimize dispensing of naloxone. Five main themes emerged: importance of staff training to increase comfort; strength through coordination of efforts; pharmacies acting as community leaders in the opioid crisis; persisting stigma; ongoing workflow challenges. These results uniquely reflect the experiences and insights of pharmacy leaders implementing public health initiatives during the opioid crisis and can be used for gaining insight into how pharmacists can efficiently provide naloxone to their communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Donovan E, Bratberg J, Baird J .
Pharmacy leaders' beliefs about how pharmacies can support a sustainable approach to providing naloxone to the community.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2020 Oct;16(10):1493-97. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.01.006..
Keywords: Provider: Pharmacist, Provider, Community-Based Practice, Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse
Jones AE, King JB, Kim K
The role of clinical pharmacy anticoagulation services in direct oral anticoagulant monitoring.
The objective of this study was to describe direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) management in patients who were and were not managed by an anticoagulation management service (AMS). Subjects were patients with atrial fibrillation at the University of Utah Health (UUH) who received DOAC therapy. Results showed that patients managed by AMS providers were more complex and had more frequent encounters regarding their DOAC therapy than those managed by non-AMS providers. However, there was evidence of duplicative DOAC therapy management efforts. No difference between AMS and non-AMS groups in the composite clinical endpoint was detected.
AHRQ-funded; HS026156.
Citation: Jones AE, King JB, Kim K .
The role of clinical pharmacy anticoagulation services in direct oral anticoagulant monitoring.
J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020 Oct;50(3):739-45. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02064-0..
Keywords: Blood Thinners, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Provider, Care Management, Healthcare Delivery
Gernant SA, Adeoye-Olatunde OA, Murawski MM
Experiences applying technology to overcome common challenges in pharmacy practice-based research in the United States.
Despite the importance of pharmacy practice-based research in generating knowledge that results in better outcomes for patients, health systems and society alike, common challenges to PPBR persist. In this paper, the authors described PPBR challenges their research teams have encountered, and their experiences using technology-driven solutions to overcome such challenges. The authors describe the technology driven solutions they have used to address PPBR challenges.
AHRQ-funded; HS025943.
Citation: Gernant SA, Adeoye-Olatunde OA, Murawski MM .
Experiences applying technology to overcome common challenges in pharmacy practice-based research in the United States.
Pharmacy 2020 May 30;8(2):93. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8020093..
Keywords: Provider: Pharmacist, Provider, Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Services Research (HSR)
Snyder ME, Jaynes HA, Germant SA
Factors associated with comprehensive medication review completion rates: a national survey of community pharmacists.
The primary objective of this survey study was to identify factors associated with the comprehensive medication review (CMR) completion rates of community pharmacies contracted with a national medication therapy management (MTM) vendor. The investigators concluded that factors at the respondent (e.g., responses to facilitators scale) and pharmacy (e.g., pharmacy type) levels were associated with CMR completion rates. The investigators indicated that the findings could be used by MTM stakeholders to improve CMR completion rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Snyder ME, Jaynes HA, Germant SA .
Factors associated with comprehensive medication review completion rates: a national survey of community pharmacists.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2020 May;16(5):673-80. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.08.008..
Keywords: Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Provider
Burstein D, Baird J, Bratberg J
Pharmacist attitudes toward pharmacy-based naloxone: a cross-sectional survey study.
This study examined pharmacist attitudes towards recommending pharmacy-based naloxone (PBN). The authors looked at the influence of gender, practice setting, number of years of practice, state location, and PBN involvement. Barriers and facilitators were also assessed. A 71-question survey was mailed to approximately 2900 licensed pharmacists in Massachusetts and Rhode Island and was open from April 5, 2016 until July 13, 2016. Out of those 2900, 402 responded (13%) and 245 were included in the analyses. The majority (79%) identified as White and 127 (51.8%) indicated that they had dispensed naloxone, with 85 having done so in the past 30 days. The results of the cross-sectional survey was used to develop the Opioid Overdose Prevention Attitude (OOPA) scale which consists of 3 subscales: Opioid Overdose Prevention Attitude, Public Health Attitude, and Naxolone Dispensing Attitude. Pharmacists working in a pharmacy that had a standing order or collaborative practice agreement to dispense naxolone without a physician’s prescription had a more positive attitude than other pharmacists.
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Burstein D, Baird J, Bratberg J .
Pharmacist attitudes toward pharmacy-based naloxone: a cross-sectional survey study.
J Am Pharm Assoc 2020 Mar-Apr;60(2):304-10. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2019.11.004.
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Keywords: Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Provider, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Prevention
Gilson AM, Xiong KZ, Stone JA
Improving patient-pharmacist encounters with over-the-counter medications: a mixed-methods pilot study.
This study evaluated the impact of having an abbreviated medication section in pharmacies specifically for older adults (Senior Section™) on the frequency and content of over-the-counter (OTC) medication encounters between pharmacy staff and patients. An intervention mixed-methods design was created to generate data from patient OTC encounters, and interviews with two pharmacists and two technicians, throughout the study. The interview transcripts were coded, and frequencies and chi-square analyses demonstrated pre/post-intervention comparisons for the OTC encounter variables. After implementation, pharmacy staff were more likely to initiate (and be involved in) patient encounters, address more topics or problem/symptoms, provide details about OTC products, discuss appropriateness of OTC use, and discuss medication classes highlighted in the Senior Section. Pharmacy staff were less likely to need to leave the prescription counter for extended periods, and they also had fewer prolonged encounters or encounters about product location.
AHRQ-funded; HS024490.
Citation: Gilson AM, Xiong KZ, Stone JA .
Improving patient-pharmacist encounters with over-the-counter medications: a mixed-methods pilot study.
Innov Pharm 2020 Feb 14;11(1). doi: 10.24926/iip.v11i1.2295..
Keywords: Provider: Pharmacist, Medication, Medication: Safety, Communication, Patient Safety
Patel P, Hemmeger H, Kozak MA
Community pharmacist participation in a practice-based research network: a report from the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet).
The researchers described the experiences and opinions of pharmacists serving as site coordinators for the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet). In general, Rx-SafeNet site coordinators appeared to experience increased confidence in research engagement after joining the network. While respondents identified a number of benefits associated with network participation, concerns about potential time constraints remained a key barrier to participation.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Patel P, Hemmeger H, Kozak MA .
Community pharmacist participation in a practice-based research network: a report from the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet).
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2015 Nov-Dec;55(6):649-55. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2015.14244.
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Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Medication: Safety, Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN), Provider: Pharmacist
Wiener ES, Mullins CD, Pincus KJ
A framework for pharmacist-assisted medication adherence in hard-to-reach patients.
This study aimed to create a model for use in patient-centered, pharmacist-led interactions to improve medication adherence. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), a behavioral change framework, was adapted to known barriers of medication adherence. The study concluded that the newly developed framework provides a patient centered approach to facilitate and improve pharmacist-patient conversations regarding medication adherence.
AHRQ-funded; HS022135.
Citation: Wiener ES, Mullins CD, Pincus KJ .
A framework for pharmacist-assisted medication adherence in hard-to-reach patients.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2015 Sep-Oct;11(5):595-601. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.11.0.
Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Access to Care, Provider: Pharmacist
Kennelty KA, Chewning B, Wise M
Barriers and facilitators of medication reconciliation processes for recently discharged patients from community pharmacists' perspectives.
The objectives of this study were to: 1) examine the barriers and facilitators community pharmacists face when reconciling medications for recently discharged patients; and 2) identify pharmacists’ preferred content and modes of information transfer regarding updated medication information for recently discharged patients. It found that major individual-level factors affecting the medication reconciliation process included: pharmacists’ perceived responsibility, relationships, patient perception of pharmacist, and patient characteristics.
AHRQ-funded; HS021984.
Citation: Kennelty KA, Chewning B, Wise M .
Barriers and facilitators of medication reconciliation processes for recently discharged patients from community pharmacists' perspectives.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2015 Jul-Aug;11(4):517-30. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.10.008..
Keywords: Hospital Discharge, Medication, Patient Safety, Provider: Pharmacist
Doucette WR, Pendergast JF, Zhang Y
Stimulating comprehensive medication reviews among Medicare Part D beneficiaries.
The authors assessed the impact of a patient engagement intervention utilizing the Medication User Self-Evaluation (MUSE) tool on the completion percentage of comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) among Medicare Part D beneficiaries. They found that the estimated odds of having a CMR among those who received the MUSE intervention were 2 times that of their counterparts. They concluded that Part D plans could use the MUSE to engage targeted beneficiaries in using pharmacist-provided MTM services.
AHRQ-funded; HS018353.
Citation: Doucette WR, Pendergast JF, Zhang Y .
Stimulating comprehensive medication reviews among Medicare Part D beneficiaries.
Am J Manag Care 2015 Jun;21(6):e372-8.
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Keywords: Elderly, Medicare, Medication, Patient and Family Engagement, Provider: Pharmacist
Mehrotra A, Gidengil CA, Setodji CM
Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections at retail clinics, physician practices, and emergency departments.
The authors compared antibiotic prescribing among retail clinics, primary care practices, and emergency departments (EDs) for acute respiratory infections (ARIs): antibiotics-may-be-appropriate ARIs and antibiotics-never-appropriate ARIs. They found that, compared with primary care practices and EDs, there was no difference at retail clinics in overall ARI antibiotic prescribing, which was more diagnosis-appropriate.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Mehrotra A, Gidengil CA, Setodji CM .
Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections at retail clinics, physician practices, and emergency departments.
Am J Manag Care 2015 Apr;21(4):294-302.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Emergency Department, Provider: Pharmacist, Primary Care, Respiratory Conditions
Snyder ME, Earl TR, Gilchrist S
Collaborative drug therapy management: case studies of three community-based models of care.
The objectives of this study were to understand how collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM) practices were implemented in 3 community settings and to identify common and unique facilitators and barriers to implementing CDTM. The authors believe that the models described in this study could be used to strengthen clinical–community linkages through team-based care, particularly for chronic disease prevention and management.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Snyder ME, Earl TR, Gilchrist S .
Collaborative drug therapy management: case studies of three community-based models of care.
Prev Chronic Dis 2015 Mar 26;12:E39. doi: 10.5888/pcd12.140504..
Keywords: Care Management, Case Study, Community-Based Practice, Medication, Primary Care: Models of Care, Provider: Pharmacist
Huet AL, Frail CK, Lake LM
Impact of passive and active promotional strategies on patient acceptance of medication therapy management services.
The researchers assessed the impact of passive and active promotional strategies on patient acceptance of medication therapy management (MTM) services, and identified reasons for patient acceptance or refusal. No significant differences were identified among the four promotional methods or between active and passive methods in the analyses. Patients' most frequent reasons for accepting MTM services were potential cost savings and review of how the medications were working.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Huet AL, Frail CK, Lake LM .
Impact of passive and active promotional strategies on patient acceptance of medication therapy management services.
J Am Pharm Assoc 2015 Mar-Apr;55(2):178-81. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2015.14091.
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Keywords: Care Management, Community-Based Practice, Health Promotion, Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Provider: Pharmacist
Olenik NL, Gonzalvo JD, Snyder ME
Perceptions of Spanish-speaking clientele of patient care services in a community pharmacy.
This study aimed to identify perceptions of Spanish-speaking patients living in the U.S. with a focus on the care provided in community pharmacies, as well as to determine their satisfaction with community pharmacies. Based on 12 interviews, it found that primary themes included lack of insurance coupled with high medical care costs serving as a barrier for acquisition of health care and difficulty accessing timely and convenient primary care.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Olenik NL, Gonzalvo JD, Snyder ME .
Perceptions of Spanish-speaking clientele of patient care services in a community pharmacy.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Community-Based Practice, Provider: Pharmacist, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Wellman BR, Frail CK, Zillich AJ
Pharmacists' experiences with a telephonic medication therapy management program for home health care patients.
This qualitative study involved interviewing four pharmacists on their experiences with a telephone medication therapy management (MTM) program. Several themes emerged from the analysis, including: communication and relationships, coordinating care and patient self-management, logistics, professional fulfillment, service delivery and content, and training opportunities. The researchers concluded that their study provides possible strategies to overcome barriers and facilitate service provision for future telephonic MTM services.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Wellman BR, Frail CK, Zillich AJ .
Pharmacists' experiences with a telephonic medication therapy management program for home health care patients.
Consult Pharm 2015 Mar;30(3):163-74. doi: 10.4140/TCP.n.2015.163..
Keywords: Home Healthcare, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Patient Self-Management
Snyder ME, Pater KS, Frail CK
Utility of a brief screening tool for medication-related problems.
The objective of this study was to estimate the psychometric properties of a brief self-administered scale as a screening tool for medication-related problems (MRPs). Its findings suggest scores on the nine-item scale are a statistically significant, although fairly modest, predictor of MRPs when controlling for other significant predictors of problems.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Snyder ME, Pater KS, Frail CK .
Utility of a brief screening tool for medication-related problems.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2015 Mar-Apr;11(2):253-64. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.08.005..
Keywords: Care Management, Community-Based Practice, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Screening
Viswanathan M, Kahwati LC, Golin CE
Medication therapy management interventions in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Medication therapy management (MTM) services (also called clinical pharmacy services) aim to reduce medication-related problems and their downstream outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of MTM interventions among outpatients with chronic illnesses. The investigators graded the evidence as insufficient for most outcomes because of inconsistency and imprecision that stemmed in part from underlying heterogeneity in populations and interventions.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200008I.
Citation: Viswanathan M, Kahwati LC, Golin CE .
Medication therapy management interventions in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA Intern Med 2015 Jan;175(1):76-87. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.5841..
Keywords: Medication, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Chronic Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Provider: Pharmacist, Provider
Kozak MA, Gernant SA, Hemmeger HM
Lessons learned in the growth and maturation stages of a community pharmacy practice-based research network: experiences of the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet).
In 2012, the authors reported on their early experiences developing the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet) after establishing the Network in 2010. In this article, they report on lessons learned over the past 3 years.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Kozak MA, Gernant SA, Hemmeger HM .
Lessons learned in the growth and maturation stages of a community pharmacy practice-based research network: experiences of the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet).
Innov Pharm 2015;6(2).
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Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Medication: Safety, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN)
Qato DM, Daviglus ML, Wilder J
'Pharmacy deserts' are prevalent in Chicago's predominantly minority communities, raising medication access concerns.
The authors examined whether trends in the availability of pharmacies varied across communities in Chicago with different racial or ethnic compositions and whether "pharmacy deserts," or low-access neighborhoods, were more common in segregated black and Hispanic communities than elsewhere. They found that in 2012 there were disproportionately more pharmacy deserts in segregated black communities, as well as in low-income communities and federally designated Medically Underserved Areas. These findings suggest that public policies aimed at improving access to prescription medications may need to address factors beyond insurance coverage and medication affordability.
AHRQ-funded; HS021093.
Citation: Qato DM, Daviglus ML, Wilder J .
'Pharmacy deserts' are prevalent in Chicago's predominantly minority communities, raising medication access concerns.
Health Aff 2014 Nov;33(11):1958-65. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1397.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health
Werth SR, Sachdeva N, Roberts AW
North Carolina Medicaid recipient management lock-in program: the pharmacist's perspective.
The objectives of this study were (a) evaluate pharmacists’ perceptions of the implementation of the North Carolina (NC) recipient management lock-in program (MLIP) and (b) determine how the beliefs and attitudes of pharmacists could promote or inhibit its success. It concluded that, although possible improvements were identified, the NC MLIP has strong potential for success as it utilizes pharmacists’ medication gate-keeping role, while minimizing the effort required for successful implementation.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Werth SR, Sachdeva N, Roberts AW .
North Carolina Medicaid recipient management lock-in program: the pharmacist's perspective.
J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2014 Nov;20(11):1122-9..
Keywords: Medicaid, Medication, Opioids, Provider: Pharmacist, Substance Abuse
Snyder ME, Frail CK, Jaynes H
Predictors of medication-related problems among Medicaid patients participating in a pharmacist-provided telephonic medication therapy management program.
The objective of this study was to identify predictors of medication-related problems (MRPs) among Medicaid patients participating in a telephonic medication therapy management (MTM) program. The analysis of study results supports the relative importance of number of medications as a predictor of MRPs in the Medicaid population and identifies other predictors.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Snyder ME, Frail CK, Jaynes H .
Predictors of medication-related problems among Medicaid patients participating in a pharmacist-provided telephonic medication therapy management program.
Pharmacotherapy 2014 Oct;34(10):1022-32. doi: 10.1002/phar.1462..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Care Management, Community-Based Practice, Medicaid, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist
Ness GL, Sheehan AH, Snyder ME
Graduating student pharmacists' perspectives on e-professionalism and social media: qualitative findings.
The researchers conducted a cross-sectional survey of 212 graduating student pharmacists to characterize their views of professionalism on popular social media sites. The themes identified in the analysis were separation of personal and professional lives, how accountability for actions should vary by severity, and the extent of representation of the students’ character on social media.
AHRQ-funded; HS022119.
Citation: Ness GL, Sheehan AH, Snyder ME .
Graduating student pharmacists' perspectives on e-professionalism and social media: qualitative findings.
J Am Pharm Assoc 2014 Mar-Apr;54(2):138-43. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2014.13188..
Keywords: Education: Academic, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider: Pharmacist, Social Media
Baur C, Brach C
AHRQ Author: Brach C
Pharmacy research on health literacy can contribute to national goals and health care system improvements.
Three key points about health literacy underscore the articles in this special issue: 1. Effective health communication utilizes both the spoken and written word; 2. A number of health literacy tools can help pharmacists implement health literacy practices; 3. Readability assessments can be a step on a path toward more productive provider–patient communication.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Baur C, Brach C .
Pharmacy research on health literacy can contribute to national goals and health care system improvements.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2013 Sep-Oct;9(5):498-502. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.06.012.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Communication, Health Literacy, Provider: Pharmacist