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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 5 of 5 Research Studies DisplayedMelnick ER, Shafer K, Rodulfo N
Understanding overuse of computed tomography for minor head injury in the emergency department: a triangulated qualitative study.
The objective was to identify nonclinical, human factors that promote or inhibit the appropriate use of computed tomography (CT) in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with minor head injury. Five core domains emerged from the analysis: establishing trust, anxiety (patient and provider), constraints related to ED practice, the influence of others, and patient expectations.
AHRQ-funded; HS021271.
Citation: Melnick ER, Shafer K, Rodulfo N .
Understanding overuse of computed tomography for minor head injury in the emergency department: a triangulated qualitative study.
Acad Emerg Med 2015 Dec;22(12):1474-83. doi: 10.1111/acem.12824.
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Keywords: Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Imaging, Brain Injury, Shared Decision Making, Health Services Research (HSR)
Melnick ER, Keegan J, Taylor RA
Redefining overuse to include costs: a decision analysis for computed tomography in minor head injury.
This study was conducted to (1) determine the testing threshold for head computed tomography (CT) in minor head injury in the emergency department using decision analysis with and without costs included in the analysis. If only effectiveness is considered, current clinical decision rules might not provide a sufficient degree of certainty to ensure identification of all patients for whom the benefits of CT outweigh its risks.
AHRQ-funded; HS021271.
Citation: Melnick ER, Keegan J, Taylor RA .
Redefining overuse to include costs: a decision analysis for computed tomography in minor head injury.
Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2015 Jul;41(7):313-22..
Keywords: Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Shared Decision Making, Imaging, Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Smith RJ, Kilaru AS, Perrone J
How, why, and for whom do emergency medicine providers use prescription drug monitoring programs?
The authors examined how emergency physicians use Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs), for which patients, and for what reasons. They found that providers use the information in PDMPs to alter clinical decisions and guide opioid prescribing patterns. Physicians used the databases additionally for improving their ability to facilitate discussions on addiction and for providing patient education. The authors recommended minimizing administrative barriers to PDMP access and suggested that alternative PDMP uses be further studied to determine their appropriateness and potentially expand their role in clinical practice.
AHRQ-funded; HS021956.
Citation: Smith RJ, Kilaru AS, Perrone J .
How, why, and for whom do emergency medicine providers use prescription drug monitoring programs?
Pain Med 2015 Jun;16(6):1122-31. doi: 10.1111/pme.12700.
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Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Medication, Practice Patterns, Substance Abuse
Courtney DM, Mills AM, Marin JR
To test or not to test ... decision analysis of decision support.
In this article, the authors comment on a study by Troyer and colleagues in the same issue that presents a provocative decision analysis study exploring the cost and benefits associated with a web-based quantitative pretest probability calculator. Their discussion centers around the decision to test or not test in the emergency department setting for a condition. Such decisions are among the most consequential that physicians make and often hinge on advanced imaging.
AHRQ-funded; HS023498.
Citation: Courtney DM, Mills AM, Marin JR .
To test or not to test ... decision analysis of decision support.
Acad Emerg Med 2015 May;22(5):594-6. doi: 10.1111/acem.12663..
Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Myers SR, Salhi RA, Lerner EB
A pilot study describing access to emergency care in two states using a model emergency care categorization system.
To improve regionalization of care and patient decisions when seeking emergency care, the researchers surveyed emergency departments (EDs) in 2 States. They found that 25 percent provided advanced care, 10.5 percent comprehensive care, and 1.6 percent pediatric critical care. Overall, 75.1 percent of the population could reach advanced or comprehensive ED within 60 minutes by ground transportation.
AHRQ-funded; HS017960; HS018604
Citation: Myers SR, Salhi RA, Lerner EB .
A pilot study describing access to emergency care in two states using a model emergency care categorization system.
Acad Emerg Med. 2013 Sep;20(9):894-903. doi: 10.1111/acem.12208..
Keywords: Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Access to Care, Critical Care, Shared Decision Making