National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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- (-) Young Adults (26)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 26 Research Studies DisplayedTremblay ES, Ruiz J, Buccigrosso T
Health care transition in youth with type 1 diabetes and an A1C >9%: qualitative analysis of pre-transition perspectives.
The purpose of this training was to explore expectations for transition to adult care and experiences with transition planning among adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes and an A1C >9% at a tertiary care U.S. pediatric center. The investigators concluded that a lack of transition preparation and anxiety about transition and adult care among youth with type 1 diabetes and elevated A1C.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Tremblay ES, Ruiz J, Buccigrosso T .
Health care transition in youth with type 1 diabetes and an A1C >9%: qualitative analysis of pre-transition perspectives.
Diabetes Spectr 2020 Nov;33(4):331-38. doi: 10.2337/ds20-0011..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Transitions of Care, Patient Experience
Mills J, Wonoprabowo L
AHRQ Author: Mills J
Primary care-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults.
This case study concerns a 14-year-old patient who presents for a well-child visit. The patient eats a healthy diet, is part of a local soccer league, is an overall good student, and just started high school in the fall. The patient denies trying any illicit substances but reports trying to “get high” from cough syrup. Three questions are presented, and answers provided.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mills J, Wonoprabowo L .
Primary care-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Oct 15;102(8):493-94..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Substance Abuse, Primary Care, Prevention, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Case Study, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Cha P, Brindis CD
Early Affordable Care Act Medicaid: coverage effects for low- and moderate-income young adults.
This study examined the effects of early Medicaid expansions on low- and moderate-income young adults. They used the American Community Survey 2008-2013 to study three early expansion states: California, Connecticut and Minnesota. Results shows that Medicaid expansion reduced uninsurance in all three states and increased public insurance in California and Minnesota. Young men benefitted more than young women, who historically tend to be uninsured.
AHRQ-funded; HS022241.
Citation: Cha P, Brindis CD .
Early Affordable Care Act Medicaid: coverage effects for low- and moderate-income young adults.
J Adolesc Health 2020 Sep;67(3):425-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.05.029..
Keywords: Young Adults, Policy, Medicaid, Uninsured, Access to Care
Jackman KP, Murray S, Hightow-Weidman
Digital technology to address HIV and other sexually transmitted infection disparities: intentions to disclose online personal health records to sex partners among students at a historically Black college.
Among an online survey sample of co-ed students, the authors described latent constructs and other variables associated with perceived behavioral intentions to disclose sexually transmitted infection (STI) test history using patient portals. They found that latent constructs representing communication valuation beliefs and practices were not associated with intentions, while self-reporting prior STI diagnosis was associated with intentions to disclose. They concluded that point-of-care messages focused on improvements to validating test results, communication, and empowerment, may be an effective strategy to support the adoption of patient portals for STI prevention among populations of college-aged Black youth.
AHRQ-funded; HS023057.
Citation: Jackman KP, Murray S, Hightow-Weidman .
Digital technology to address HIV and other sexually transmitted infection disparities: intentions to disclose online personal health records to sex partners among students at a historically Black college.
PLoS One 2020 Aug 21;15(8):e0237648. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237648..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Infectious Diseases, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Young Adults, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Prevention
Greenzang KA, Fasciano KM, Block SD
Early information needs of adolescents and young adults about late effects of cancer treatment.
This study evaluated the importance, quality, and implications of information about late effects in adolescents and young adults (AYA) recently diagnosed with cancer. Surveying AYAs with cancer who were 15 to 29 years old and were treated at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, researchers found that most AYAs with cancer value early information about the risks of late effects and infertility, yet many patients felt that they had not received high-quality information about these topics. They recommended the development of age-appropriate late-effect communication strategies that recognize high AYA distress to address the gap between desired information and perceived information quality.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Greenzang KA, Fasciano KM, Block SD .
Early information needs of adolescents and young adults about late effects of cancer treatment.
Cancer 2020 Jul 15;126(14):3281-88. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32932..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Cancer, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication, Risk
Bushnell GA, Gerhard T, Crystal S
Benzodiazepine treatment and fracture risk in young persons with anxiety disorders.
This study examined whether benzodiazepine treatment increases fall and fracture risk in young persons as it has been shown to do in older adults. They examined whether children (6-17 years) and young adults (18-24) recently diagnosed with anxiety disorder had an increased fracture risk. A cohort of commercially insured children and young adults who had initiated use of benzodiazepine or SSRIs were followed for 3 months, or until fracture, treatment discontinuation or switching or disenrollment occurred. The cohort consisted of 120,715 children and 179,768 young adults. There was an increased fracture rate found in children, but not young adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS026001.
Citation: Bushnell GA, Gerhard T, Crystal S .
Benzodiazepine treatment and fracture risk in young persons with anxiety disorders.
Pediatrics 2020 Jul;146(1):e20193478. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3478..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Medication, Falls, Injuries and Wounds, Risk, Anxiety, Behavioral Health
Friedman AS, Xu S
Associations of flavored e-cigarette uptake with subsequent smoking initiation and cessation.
Researchers evaluated whether new uptake of flavored e-cigarettes is more strongly associated with subsequent smoking initiation and cessation than uptake of unflavored e-cigarettes for youths, emerging adults, and prime-age adults. The cohort study conducted secondary data analyses of survey data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. The researchers found that vaping uptake was positively associated with smoking initiation in youth and in emerging adults, while vaping uptake was associated with cessation in adults. Additionally, vaping nontobacco flavors was no more associated with youth smoking initiation than vaping tobacco-flavors but was associated with increased adult smoking cessation. They recommended more research to establish the relationship between e-cigarette flavors and smoking and to guide related policy.
AHRQ-funded; HS017589.
Citation: Friedman AS, Xu S .
Associations of flavored e-cigarette uptake with subsequent smoking initiation and cessation.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Jun;3(6):e203826. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3826..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Tobacco Use: Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, Substance Abuse
Hill LM, Maseko B, Chagomerana M
HIV risk, risk perception, and PrEP interest among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi: operationalizing the PrEP cascade.
The objective of this study was to understand the level of interest in oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) at highest HIV risk and the potential role of perceived risk in motivating PrEP interest. Findings highlighted key relationships between epidemiologic HIV risk, risk perception, and interest in PrEP. The high number of participants with risk scores below the high-risk cutoff who both expressed high perceived risk and interest in PrEP suggested that the demand for PrEP among AGYW may not be well-aligned with epidemiologic risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Hill LM, Maseko B, Chagomerana M .
HIV risk, risk perception, and PrEP interest among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi: operationalizing the PrEP cascade.
J Int AIDS Soc 2020 Jun;23 Suppl 3:e25502. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25502..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Risk, Prevention, Women, Children/Adolescents, Young Adults
O'Connor E, Thomas R, Senger CA
Interventions to prevent illicit and nonmedical drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The authors reviewed the benefits and harms of interventions to prevent illicit and nonmedical drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. They found that the evidence for behavioral counseling interventions to prevent initiation of illicit and nonmedical drug use among adolescents and young adults was inconsistent and imprecise, with some interventions associated with reduction in use and others associated with no benefit or increased use. Health, social, and legal outcomes were sparsely reported, and few showed improvements.
AHRQ-funded; 2902015000017I.
Citation: O'Connor E, Thomas R, Senger CA .
Interventions to prevent illicit and nonmedical drug use in children, adolescents, and young adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2020 May 26;323(20):2067-79. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1432..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Substance Abuse, Primary Care, Prevention, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Oates GR, Juarez LD, Hansen B
Social risk factors for medication nonadherence: findings from the CARDIA study.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effect of social risk factors on medication nonadherence. Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, the results showed that low income and chronic stress are associated with medication nonadherence, and that the odds of nonadherence increase with the accumulation of social risk factors. These findings may assist with developing risk prediction tools to identify individuals who can benefit from adherence-promoting interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Oates GR, Juarez LD, Hansen B .
Social risk factors for medication nonadherence: findings from the CARDIA study.
Am J Health Behav 2020 Mar 1;44(2):232-43. doi: 10.5993/ajhb.44.2.10..
Keywords: Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Risk, Young Adults, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Gooding HC, Brown CA, Wisk LE
Investing in our future: the importance of ambulatory visits to achieving blood pressure control in young adults.
In this commentary, the authors discuss an article written by King, et al. and published in 2017 in the Journal of Clinical Hypertension, entitled “The importance of frequent return visits and hypertension control among US young adults: a multidisciplinary group practice observational study.”
AHRQ-funded; K12 HS022986.
Citation: Gooding HC, Brown CA, Wisk LE .
Investing in our future: the importance of ambulatory visits to achieving blood pressure control in young adults.
J Clin Hypertens 2017 Dec;19(12):1298-300. doi: 10.1111/jch.13100..
Keywords: Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Care Management, Blood Pressure, Young Adults
Chen J, Vargas-Bustamante A, Novak P
Reducing young adults' health care spending through the ACA expansion of dependent coverage.
The researchers estimated health care expenditure trends among young adults ages 19-25 before and after the 2010 implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) provision that extended eligibility for dependent private health insurance coverage. They found that increased health insurance enrollment as a consequence of the ACA provision for dependent coverage has successfully reduced spending and catastrophic expenditures, providing financial protections for young adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS022135.
Citation: Chen J, Vargas-Bustamante A, Novak P .
Reducing young adults' health care spending through the ACA expansion of dependent coverage.
Health Serv Res 2017 Oct;52(5):1835-57. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12555.
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Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Health Insurance, Healthcare Costs, Policy, Young Adults
Schoenbaum M, Sutherland JM, Chappel A
AHRQ Author: Sutherland JM
Twelve-month health care use and mortality in commercially insured young people with incident psychosis in the United States.
This study assessed 12-month mortality and patterns of outpatient and inpatient treatment among young people experiencing an incident episode of psychosis in the United States. The hugely elevated mortality observed, when compared to the general population, underscores that young people experiencing psychosis warrant intensive clinical attention-yet the researchers found low rates of pharmacotherapy and limited use of psychosocial treatment.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Schoenbaum M, Sutherland JM, Chappel A .
Twelve-month health care use and mortality in commercially insured young people with incident psychosis in the United States.
Schizophr Bull 2017 Oct;43(6):1262-72. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbx009.
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Keywords: Healthcare Utilization, Health Insurance, Health Services Research (HSR), Behavioral Health, Young Adults
Primack BA, Shensa A, Sidani JE
Social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults in the U.S.
Perceived social isolation (PSI) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Social media platforms, commonly used by young adults, may offer an opportunity to ameliorate social isolation. This study assessed associations between social media use (SMU) and PSI among U.S. young adults. It concluded that young adults with high SMU seem to feel more socially isolated than their counterparts with lower SMU.
AHRQ-funded; HS022989.
Citation: Primack BA, Shensa A, Sidani JE .
Social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults in the U.S.
Am J Prev Med 2017 Jul;53(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Social Media, Young Adults
Kelley C, Lee B, Wilcox L
Self-tracking for mental wellness: understanding expert perspectives and student experiences.
Recent studies with college student populations have examined the feasibility of collecting everyday mood, activity, and social data. However, these studies do not account for students' experiences and challenges adopting self-tracking technologies to support mental wellness goals. In this paper, the authors present two studies conducted to better understand self-tracking for stress management and mental wellness in student populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS021393.
Citation: Kelley C, Lee B, Wilcox L .
Self-tracking for mental wellness: understanding expert perspectives and student experiences.
Proc SIGCHI Conf Hum Factor Comput Syst 2017 May 2;2017:629-41. doi: 10.1145/3025453.3025750..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Behavioral Health, Stress, Young Adults
Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ
A systematic review of the mhealth interventions to prevent alcohol and substance abuse.
This systematic review evaluated the recent body of research on mHealth-based interventions for substance use, with aims of (a) examining the functionality and effectiveness of these interventions, (b) evaluating the available research on the effectiveness of these interventions for substance use, and (c) evaluating the design, methodology, results, theoretical grounding, limitations, and implications of each study.
AHRQ-funded; HS023875.
Citation: Kazemi DM, Borsari B, Levine MJ .
A systematic review of the mhealth interventions to prevent alcohol and substance abuse.
J Health Commun 2017 May;22(5):413-32. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1303556.
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Keywords: Alcohol Use, Prevention, Substance Abuse, Telehealth, Young Adults
Macmadu A, Carroll JJ, Hadland SE
Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.
Researchers examined risk factors for exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin (FCH) and experiences with FCH use among young adult non-medical prescription opioids (NMPO) users. Several drug use patterns and risk behaviors were associated with FCH exposure, including: regular heroin and cocaine use; diverted pharmaceutical fentanyl use in the prior six months; NMPO use to avoid withdrawal symptoms; regular injection drug use; and prior overdose.
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Macmadu A, Carroll JJ, Hadland SE .
Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.
Addict Behav 2017 May;68:35-38. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.014.
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Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Risk, Substance Abuse, Young Adults
Rice WS, Turan B, Stringer KL
Norms and stigma regarding pregnancy decisions during an unintended pregnancy: development and predictors of scales among young women in the U.S. South.
The researchers sought to create measures of perceived norms and stigma around pregnancy decisions by developing and pre-testing 97 survey items using a mixed methods approach. Their factor analyses revealed four subscales for each pregnancy decision: conditional acceptability, anticipated reactions, stereotypes/misperceptions, and attitudes. Minority women endorsed more negative norms and stigma around adoption.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Rice WS, Turan B, Stringer KL .
Norms and stigma regarding pregnancy decisions during an unintended pregnancy: development and predictors of scales among young women in the U.S. South.
PLoS One 2017 Mar 22;12(3):e0174210. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174210.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Decision Making, Pregnancy, Social Stigma, Young Adults
Karam M, Scherzer R, Ogbogu PU
Food allergy prevalence, knowledge, and behavioral trends among college students - a 6-year comparison.
In this study, the investigators reassess trends in reported student food allergen awareness and preparation, to compare 6-year outcomes of an earlier study within the same university. They also assess awareness among nonefood-allergic students and compare trends at 2 other large Midwestern universities without a food allergy diet/labeling program.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Karam M, Scherzer R, Ogbogu PU .
Food allergy prevalence, knowledge, and behavioral trends among college students - a 6-year comparison.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017 Mar - Apr;5(2):504-06.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.11.035..
Keywords: Nutrition, Outcomes, Young Adults
Richardson LP, McCarty CA, Radovic A
Research in the integration of behavioral health for adolescents and young adults in primary care settings: a systematic review.
Adolescents and young adults with mental health conditions have some of the lowest rates of treatment for their conditions of all age groups.. In this paper, the authors review the current research literature for behavioral health integration in the adolescent and young adult population and make recommendations for needed research to move the field forward.
AHRQ-funded; HS022989.
Citation: Richardson LP, McCarty CA, Radovic A .
Research in the integration of behavioral health for adolescents and young adults in primary care settings: a systematic review.
J Adolesc Health 2017 Mar;60(3):261-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.11.013.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Primary Care, Young Adults
Harris SK, Aalsma MC, Weitzman ER
Research on clinical preventive services for adolescents and young adults: where are we and where do we need to go?
The researchers reviewed research regarding system- and visit-level strategies to enhance clinical preventive service delivery and quality for adolescents and young adults. They argue that further research that builds off successful models of linking traditional and community clinics is needed to improve access to care for all youth.
AHRQ-funded; HS022681.
Citation: Harris SK, Aalsma MC, Weitzman ER .
Research on clinical preventive services for adolescents and young adults: where are we and where do we need to go?
J Adolesc Health 2017 Mar;60(3):249-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.005.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Prevention, Primary Care, Young Adults
Kass AE, Balantekin KN, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE
The economic case for digital interventions for eating disorders among United States college students.
This article aimed to estimate the costs, in United States (US) dollars, of a stepped care model for online prevention and treatment among US college students to inform meaningful decisions regarding resource allocation and adoption of efficient care delivery models for EDs on college campuses. A stepped care model was estimated to achieve modest cost savings compared to standard care, but these estimates need to be tested with sensitivity analyses.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Kass AE, Balantekin KN, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE .
The economic case for digital interventions for eating disorders among United States college students.
Int J Eat Disord 2017 Mar;50(3):250-58. doi: 10.1002/eat.22680.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Healthcare Delivery, Healthcare Costs, Prevention, Primary Care: Models of Care, Telehealth, Young Adults, Web-Based
Morales-Aleman MM, Opoku J, Murray A
Disparities in retention in HIV care among HIV-infected young men who have sex with men in the District of Columbia, 2013.
Among young men who have sex with men (YMSM), aged 13-24 years, Blacks/African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionately affected by HIV. This study analyzed surveillance data from the District of Columbia to examine care retention among YMSM living with HIV infection. They found that retention in HIV care was suboptimal for YMSM and indicated that increased retention efforts are warranted to improve outcomes and reduce age and racial/ethnic disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Morales-Aleman MM, Opoku J, Murray A .
Disparities in retention in HIV care among HIV-infected young men who have sex with men in the District of Columbia, 2013.
LGBT Health 2017 Feb;4(1):34-41. doi: 10.1089/lgbt.2016.0126..
Keywords: Disparities, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Patient-Centered Healthcare, Young Adults
Hernandez-Boussard T, Burns CS, Wang NE
The Affordable Care Act reduces emergency department use by young adults: evidence from three States.
The authors tested the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on how young adults used ED services. They found that the largest relative decreases were found in women and blacks. This relative decrease in ED use implies a total reduction of more than 60,000 visits from young adults across three states in 2011.
AHRQ-funded; HS018558.
Citation: Hernandez-Boussard T, Burns CS, Wang NE .
The Affordable Care Act reduces emergency department use by young adults: evidence from three States.
Health Aff 2014 Sep;33(9):1648-54. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0103.
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Keywords: Emergency Department, Health Insurance, Policy, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Young Adults
Saloner B, Le Cook B
An ACA provision increased treatment for young adults with possible mental illnesses relative to comparison group.
The researchers examined the impact of the ACA dependent coverage provision on people ages 18-25 with possible mental health or substance use disorders. They found that after implementation of the ACA provision, among people ages 18-25 with possible mental health disorders, mental health treatment increased by 5.3 percentage points relative to a comparison group of similar people ages 26-35. For those using mental health treatment, uninsured visits declined by 12.4 percentage points, and visits paid by private insurance increased by 12.9 percentage points.
AHRQ-funded; HS021486.
Citation: Saloner B, Le Cook B .
An ACA provision increased treatment for young adults with possible mental illnesses relative to comparison group.
Health Aff 2014 Aug;33(8):1425-34. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0214.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Health Insurance, Behavioral Health, Substance Abuse, Young Adults