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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Antibiotics (2)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Community-Acquired Infections (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (2)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Infectious Diseases (1)
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- Neurological Disorders (1)
- Newborns/Infants (1)
- Outcomes (1)
- (-) Pneumonia (5)
- (-) Respiratory Conditions (5)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 5 of 5 Research Studies DisplayedHaessler S, Lindenauer PK, Zilberberg MD
Blood cultures versus respiratory cultures: 2 different views of pneumonia.
This study examined characteristics and outcomes of patients with positive cultures for pneumonia by site. The authors compared results from blood and respiratory cultures to see if organisms and resistance patterns differed by site. They studied adult patients discharged from July 2010 to June 2015 with principal diagnoses of pneumonia, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory arrest, or sepsis with a secondary diagnosis of pneumonia. Out of 138,651 hospitalizations of patients with pneumonia, 9.3% yielded positive cultures with 6438 from respiratory culture and 5992 blood cultures, and 45 both respiratory and blood cultures. Isolates from respiratory samples were often more resistant than were isolates from blood. Patients with positive cultures in both sites had higher case-fatality, longer lengths of stay and higher costs than patients who only had one culture site positive. Among respiratory cultures, the most common pathogens identified were Staphylococcus aureus (34%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%), whereas blood cultures most commonly grew Streptococcus pneumoniae (33%), followed by S. aureus (22%).
AHRQ-funded; HS024277.
Citation: Haessler S, Lindenauer PK, Zilberberg MD .
Blood cultures versus respiratory cultures: 2 different views of pneumonia.
Clin Infect Dis 2020 Oct 23;71(7):1604-12. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz1049..
Keywords: Pneumonia, Community-Acquired Infections, Respiratory Conditions, Infectious Diseases
Joshi RP, Pejaver V, Hammarlund NE
A predictive tool for identification of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative emergency department patients using routine test results.
This retrospective case-control study investigated whether the use of a prediction tool based on complete blood count results and patient sex can better allocate testing for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in hospital emergency departments. Participants were emergency department patients who had concurrent complete blood counts and SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in Northern California, Seattle, Washington, Chicago Illinois, and South Korea. A hypothetical scenario of 1000 patients requiring testing was developed, but in this scenario testing resources are limited to 60% of patients. This tool would allow a 33% increase in properly allocated resources.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Joshi RP, Pejaver V, Hammarlund NE .
A predictive tool for identification of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative emergency department patients using routine test results.
J Clin Virol 2020 Aug;129:104502. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104502..
Keywords: Emergency Department, COVID-19, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Clinical Decision Support (CDS)
Thomson J, Hall M, Ambroggio L
Antibiotics for aspiration pneumonia in neurologically impaired children.
The objective of the study was to compare hospital outcomes associated with commonly used antibiotic therapies for aspiration pneumonia in children with neurologic impairment (NI). The investigators concluded that anaerobic therapy appeared to be important in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia in children with NI. They suggested that while Gram-negative coverage alone was associated with worse outcomes, its addition to anaerobic therapy may not yield improved outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS025138.
Citation: Thomson J, Hall M, Ambroggio L .
Antibiotics for aspiration pneumonia in neurologically impaired children.
J Hosp Med 2020 Jul;15(7):395-402. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3338..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Neurological Disorders, Antibiotics, Medication, Outcomes
Higgins TL, Deshpande A, Zilberberg MD
Assessment of the accuracy of using ICD-9 diagnosis codes to identify pneumonia etiology in patients hospitalized with pneumonia.
Researchers assessed the validity of ICD-9 organism-specific administrative codes for pneumonia using microbiological data as the criterion standard, using data from 178 US hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database. They found that, in this study, ICD-9 codes did not reliably capture pneumonia etiology identified by laboratory testing; because of the high specificities of ICD-9 codes, however, administrative data may be useful in identifying risk factors for resistant organisms. The low sensitivities of the diagnosis codes may limit the validity of organism-specific pneumonia prevalence estimates derived from administrative data.
AHRQ-funded; HS024277, HS025026.
Citation: Higgins TL, Deshpande A, Zilberberg MD .
Assessment of the accuracy of using ICD-9 diagnosis codes to identify pneumonia etiology in patients hospitalized with pneumonia.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Jul;3(7):e207750. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7750.
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Keywords: Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Abreo A, Wu P, Donovan BM
Infant respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and subsequent risk of pneumonia, otitis media, and antibiotic utilization.
This study looked at infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and its association with increased odds of pneumonia, otitis media, and antibiotic utilization in infants 7-12 months. The data suggested the potential value of future RSV vaccination programs on subsequent respiratory health.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Abreo A, Wu P, Donovan BM .
Infant respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and subsequent risk of pneumonia, otitis media, and antibiotic utilization.
Clin Infect Dis 2020 Jun 24;71(1):211-14. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz1033..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Antibiotics, Medication, Respiratory Conditions, Pneumonia