National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Events (1)
- (-) Cancer (10)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (2)
- Cancer: Lung Cancer (4)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- (-) Diagnostic Safety and Quality (10)
- Elderly (1)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Imaging (2)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (1)
- Policy (1)
- Prevention (3)
- Primary Care (1)
- Provider: Physician (1)
- Quality Improvement (1)
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- Quality of Care (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Screening (2)
- Surgery (1)
- Women (3)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedBonner SN, Lagisetty K, Reddy RM
Clinical implications of removing race-corrected pulmonary function tests for African American patients requiring surgery for lung cancer.
This study’s objective was to identify how many hospitals providing lung cancer surgery use race correction in pulmonary function tests (PFTs), examine the association of race correction with predicted lung function, and test the effect of decorrection on surgeons' treatment recommendations. Percent predicted preoperative and postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was calculated for African American patients who underwent lung cancer resection between January 1, 2015, and September 31, 2022, using race-corrected and race-neutral equations for hospitals performing race correction. Randomization of US cardiothoracic surgeons was conducted to receive 1 clinical vignette that differed by the use of Global Lung Function Initiative equations for (1) African American patients (percent predicted postoperative FEV1, 49%), (2) other race or multiracial patients (percent predicted postoperative FEV1, 45%), and (3) race-neutral patients (percent predicted postoperative FEV1, 42%). A total of 515 African American patients (308 [59.8%] female; mean age, 66.2 years) were included in the study. Among these patients, the percent predicted preoperative FEV1 and postoperative FEV1 would have decreased by 9.2% and 7.6%, respectively, if race-neutral equations had been used. A total of 225 surgeons (194 male [87.8%]; mean time in practice, 19.4 years) were successfully randomized and completed the vignette items regarding risk perception and treatment outcomes (76% completion rate). Surgeons randomized to the vignette with African American race-corrected PFTs were more likely to recommend lobectomy (79.2%) compared with surgeons randomized to the other race or multiracial-corrected (61.7%) or race-neutral PFTs (52.8%).
AHRQ-funded; HS028038.
Citation: Bonner SN, Lagisetty K, Reddy RM .
Clinical implications of removing race-corrected pulmonary function tests for African American patients requiring surgery for lung cancer.
JAMA Surg 2023 Oct; 158(10):1061-68. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.3239..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Surgery, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Murphy DR, Zimolzak AJ, Upadhyay DK
Developing electronic clinical quality measures to assess the cancer diagnostic process.
Electronic clinical quality measures (eCQMs) to evaluate quality of cancer diagnosis could facilitate quantification and improvement of diagnostic performance. The purpose of this study was to developed 2 eCQMs to evaluate diagnostic assessment of red-flag clinical findings for colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer. At each site the researchers assessed 100 positive and 20 negative randomly chosen records for each eCQM at each site to validate accuracy and categorized missed opportunities associated with system, provider, or patient factors. The researchers applied the CRC eCQM at both sites, while the lung cancer eCQM was only applied at the VA due to an absence of structured data indicating level of cancer suspicion on most chest imaging results at Geisinger. The study found that for the CRC eCQM, the appropriate follow-up took place in 26, 746 out of 74, 314 patients (36.0%) in the VA after removing clinical exclusions and in 1,009 out of 2,461 patients (41.1%) at Geisinger. The appropriate assessment for lung cancer in the VA took place in 25, 166 out of 40, 924 patients (61.5). Provider factors were cited by reviewers the primary source of missed opportunities at both sites.
AHRQ-funded; HS022087.
Citation: Murphy DR, Zimolzak AJ, Upadhyay DK .
Developing electronic clinical quality measures to assess the cancer diagnostic process.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023 Aug 18; 30(9):1526-31. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocad089..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Quality Measures, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Quality of Care
Young AL, Monuteaux MC, Cooney TM
Predictors of delayed diagnosis of pediatric CNS tumors in the emergency department.
Delays in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children may lead to adverse outcomes and undue burdens on families. The purpose of this study was to examine factors related with delayed emergency department (ED) diagnosis to identify approaches to reduce delays. Researchers included 2828 children, 76% were controls, 24% were cases). Among cases, 68% had 1 preceding ED visit, 21% had 2, and 11% had 3 or more. The study found significant predictors of delayed diagnosis included presence of a complex chronic condition, rural hospital location, nonteaching hospital status, age younger than 5 years, public insurance, and black race.
AHRQ-funded; HS026503.
Citation: Young AL, Monuteaux MC, Cooney TM .
Predictors of delayed diagnosis of pediatric CNS tumors in the emergency department.
Pediatr Emerg Care 2023 Aug; 39(8):617-22. doi: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002943..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Cancer, Emergency Department
Rao G, Ufholz K, Saroufim P
Recognition, diagnostic practices, and cancer outcomes among patients with unintentional weight loss (UWL) in primary care.
The objective of this study was to identify the incidence, rate of physician recognition, diagnostic practices, and cancer outcomes for unintentional weight loss. Researchers completed a secondary analysis of structured and unstructured EHR data collected from adult, established primary care patients with a minimum of two weight measurements in 2020 and in 2021. The results indicated that unintentional weight loss is poorly recognized across a diverse range of patients. The researchers concluded that lack of research-informed guidance may explain low rates of recognition and variability in diagnostic practices.
AHRQ-funded; HS029358.
Citation: Rao G, Ufholz K, Saroufim P .
Recognition, diagnostic practices, and cancer outcomes among patients with unintentional weight loss (UWL) in primary care.
Diagnosis 2023 Aug 1; 10(3):267-74. doi: 10.1515/dx-2023-0002..
Keywords: Cancer, Primary Care, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Provider: Physician
Ho TH, Bissell MCS, Lee CI
Prioritizing screening mammograms for immediate interpretation and diagnostic evaluation on the basis of risk for recall.
The purpose of this study was to establish a prioritization method for immediate interpretation of screening mammograms and potential diagnostic assessment. A cohort based on the population, comprising screening mammograms conducted from 2012 to 2020 at 126 radiology centers from 7 Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium registries, was examined. Classification trees were used to identify combinations of clinical history (age, BI-RADS density, time elapsed since the previous mammogram, history of false-positive recall or biopsy outcome), screening technique (digital mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis), and facility features (profit status, location, screening volume, practice type, academic affiliation) that grouped screening mammograms by recall rate, with ≥12/100 classified as high and ≥16/100 as very high. The efficiency ratio was calculated as the percentage of recalls divided by the percentage of mammograms. The research cohort consisted of 2,674,051 screening mammograms in 925,777 women, with 235,569 recalls. The study found that the primary predictor of recall was the time interval since the last mammogram, followed by age, history of false-positive recall, breast density, history of benign biopsy, and screening method. Recall rates were extremely high for baseline mammograms and high for women with ≥5 years since their previous mammogram. The 9.2% of mammograms in subgroups with very high and high recall rates represented 19.2% of recalls, yielding an efficiency ratio of 2.1 compared to a random strategy. Including women under 50 with dense breasts accounted for 20.3% of mammograms and 33.9% of recalls (efficiency ratio = 1.7). Findings incorporating facility-level characteristics were analogous.
AHRQ-funded; HS018366
Citation: Ho TH, Bissell MCS, Lee CI .
Prioritizing screening mammograms for immediate interpretation and diagnostic evaluation on the basis of risk for recall.
J Am Coll Radiol 2023 Mar;20(3):299-310. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.09.030.
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Imaging, Women, Prevention, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Vyas A, Madhavan S, Sambamoorthi U
Association between persistence with mammography screening and stage at diagnosis among elderly women diagnosed with breast cancer.
The objective of this study is to determine the association between persistence with mammography screening and stage at breast cancer (BC) diagnosis among elderly women. It found that, as compared to women who were not persistent with mammography screening, women who were persistent with mammography screening were significantly more likely to be diagnosed at earlier stages of BC.
AHRQ-funded; HS018622.
Citation: Vyas A, Madhavan S, Sambamoorthi U .
Association between persistence with mammography screening and stage at diagnosis among elderly women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014 Dec;148(3):645-54. doi: 10.1007/s10549-014-3204-3..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Elderly, Prevention, Screening, Women
Gerber DE, Laccetti AL, Xuan L
Impact of prior cancer on eligibility for lung cancer clinical trials.
A prior cancer diagnosis often excludes patients from cancer clinical trials. Lung cancer patients were used to determine estimated impact on trial accrual. This study found that patients previously diagnosed with cancer were excluded in more than two-thirds of lung cancer trials. More research is needed to understand the basis of this policy.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418
Citation: Gerber DE, Laccetti AL, Xuan L .
Impact of prior cancer on eligibility for lung cancer clinical trials.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014 Nov;106(11). doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju302..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Policy, Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Young RS, Gobel BH, Schumacher M
Use of the modified early warning score and serum lactate to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in hematology-oncology patients: a quality improvement study.
The authors aimed to improve the early identification of clinically deteriorating hematology-oncology patients in order to prevent the development of critical illness and to facilitate timely intensive care unit (ICU) transfers. They used a protocol employing the Modified Early Warning Score and found that implementation of this protocol reduced codes and preventable codes without an associated increase in ICU transfers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Young RS, Gobel BH, Schumacher M .
Use of the modified early warning score and serum lactate to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in hematology-oncology patients: a quality improvement study.
Am J Med Qual 2014 Nov-Dec;29(6):530-7. doi: 10.1177/1062860613508305.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Prevention, Quality Improvement
Deppen SA, Blume JD, Kensinger CD
Accuracy of FDG-PET to diagnose lung cancer in areas with infectious lung disease: a meta-analysis.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) combined with fludeoxyglucose F18 (FDG) for pulmonary modules suspicious for lung cancer in regions where infectious lung disease is endemic and compare the accuracy in regions where such disease is rare. It found that the accuracy of FDG-PET was extremely heterogeneous.
AHRQ-funded; HS021554.
Citation: Deppen SA, Blume JD, Kensinger CD .
Accuracy of FDG-PET to diagnose lung cancer in areas with infectious lung disease: a meta-analysis.
JAMA 2014 Sep 24;312(12):1227-36. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.11488..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Respiratory Conditions, Imaging
Dood RL, Gracia CR, Sammel MD
Endometrial cancer after endometrial ablation vs medical management of abnormal uterine bleeding.
The authors investigated whether endometrial ablation is associated with increased risk or delayed diagnosis of endometrial cancer compared with medical management of abnormal uterine bleeding. They observed no difference in endometrial cancer rates, nor was there a delay in diagnosis when comparing endometrial ablation vs medical management.
AHRQ-funded; HS021336.
Citation: Dood RL, Gracia CR, Sammel MD .
Endometrial cancer after endometrial ablation vs medical management of abnormal uterine bleeding.
J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014 Sep-Oct;21(5):744-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.02.012.
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Keywords: Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Women