National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (3)
- Adverse Events (2)
- Cancer (17)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (1)
- (-) Cancer: Colorectal Cancer (45)
- Cancer: Lung Cancer (2)
- Cancer: Prostate Cancer (4)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (5)
- Care Coordination (1)
- Care Management (1)
- Case Study (1)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Colonoscopy (8)
- Community-Based Practice (2)
- Cultural Competence (2)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (4)
- Disparities (2)
- Education: Patient and Caregiver (2)
- Elderly (3)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Family Health and History (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Guidelines (4)
- Healthcare Costs (3)
- Healthcare Utilization (1)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (2)
- Health Promotion (3)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
- Imaging (2)
- Low-Income (2)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) (1)
- Medicare (2)
- Medication (5)
- Mortality (4)
- Outcomes (2)
- Pain (1)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (8)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (3)
- Patient and Family Engagement (1)
- Patient Experience (2)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Payment (1)
- Policy (1)
- Practice Patterns (2)
- Prevention (7)
- Primary Care (4)
- Quality Improvement (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Quality of Life (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (4)
- Registries (1)
- Risk (4)
- Rural Health (1)
- Screening (20)
- Shared Decision Making (7)
- Social Determinants of Health (1)
- Stress (1)
- Surgery (5)
- Treatments (2)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (2)
- Vulnerable Populations (1)
- Workflow (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
26 to 45 of 45 Research Studies DisplayedAbdelsattar ZM, Wong SL, Regenbogen SE
Colorectal cancer outcomes and treatment patterns in patients too young for average-risk screening.
The researchers investigated the national treatment patterns and outcomes of patients younger than 50 with colorectal cancer (CRC). They found that patients with CRC diagnosed at age <50 years are more likely to present with advanced-stage disease. However, they receive more aggressive therapy and achieve longer disease-specific survival, despite the greater percentage of patients with advanced-stage disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS000053; HS020937.
Citation: Abdelsattar ZM, Wong SL, Regenbogen SE .
Colorectal cancer outcomes and treatment patterns in patients too young for average-risk screening.
Cancer 2016 Mar 15;122(6):929-34. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29716.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Screening
Wancata LM, Banerjee M, Muenz DG
Conditional survival in advanced colorectal cancer and surgery.
The authors evaluated the impact of cancer-directed surgery on long-term survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). They found that five-year disease-specific conditional survival improves dramatically over time for selected patients with advanced CRC who undergo cancer-directed surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS020937.
Citation: Wancata LM, Banerjee M, Muenz DG .
Conditional survival in advanced colorectal cancer and surgery.
J Surg Res 2016 Mar;201(1):196-201. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.10.021.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Mortality, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery
Acharya S, Fischer-Valuck BW, Kashani R
Online magnetic resonance image guided adaptive radiation therapy: first clinical applications.
The authors demonstrated the feasibility of online adaptive magnetic resonance (MR) image guided radiation therapy (MR-IGRT) with five patients with abdominopelvic malignancies. They successfully implemented online adaptive MR-IGRT with planning and quality assurance workflow suitable for routine clinical application. Clinical trials are in development to formally evaluate adaptive treatments for a variety of disease sites.
AHRQ-funded; HS022888.
Citation: Acharya S, Fischer-Valuck BW, Kashani R .
Online magnetic resonance image guided adaptive radiation therapy: first clinical applications.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016 Feb;94(2):394-403. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.10.015.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Imaging, Workflow
Liss DT, French DD, Buchanan DR
Outreach for annual colorectal cancer screening: a budget impact analysis for community health centers.
This budget impact analysis investigated benefits and costs of fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) outreach-with FIT kits mailed to patients, followed by reminders and phone calls-compared with point-of-care (POC) strategies. Cost per patient screened was $20.60 for POC and $71.84 for outreach ($51.24 difference). Outreach costs decreased by approximately one fourth under optimized workflows.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Liss DT, French DD, Buchanan DR .
Outreach for annual colorectal cancer screening: a budget impact analysis for community health centers.
Am J Prev Med 2016 Feb;50(2):e54-61. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.003.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Community-Based Practice, Health Promotion, Prevention, Screening
Singal AG, Gupta S, Tiro JA
Outreach invitations for FIT and colonoscopy improve colorectal cancer screening rates: a randomized controlled trial in a safety-net health system.
Among a racially diverse and socioeconomically disadvantaged cohort of patients, the researchers compared the effectiveness of fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach and colonoscopy outreach to increase screening participation rates, compared with usual visit-based care. Mailed outreach invitations appear to significantly increase colorectal cancer screening rates among underserved populations. In the current study, FIT-based outreach was found to be more effective than colonoscopy-based outreach.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Singal AG, Gupta S, Tiro JA .
Outreach invitations for FIT and colonoscopy improve colorectal cancer screening rates: a randomized controlled trial in a safety-net health system.
Cancer 2016 Feb 1;122(3):456-63. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29770.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Prevention
Killian JT, Holcomb CN, Graham LA
Delays in surgery for patients with coronary stents placed after diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
The researchers sought to determine whether the presence of a coronary stent affected the timing of colorectal cancer resection and the postoperative outcomes. They found that the median time from diagnosis to surgery was 100 days for patients who received a stent after a colonoscopy and 42 days for patients whose stent was present at the time of the colonoscopy.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Killian JT, Holcomb CN, Graham LA .
Delays in surgery for patients with coronary stents placed after diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
JAMA Surg 2016 Jan;151(1):86-8. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.3130..
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Colonoscopy, Heart Disease and Health, Surgery
Garcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Lipsitch M
Infective endocarditis and cancer in the elderly.
The researchers investigated the magnitude of the association between infective endocarditis and cancer, and the natural history of cancer patients with concomitant diagnosis of infective endocarditis. They found that in this elderly population, the incidence of infective endocarditis around a colorectal cancer diagnosis was substantially higher than around the diagnosis of lung, breast and prostate cancers.
AHRQ-funded; HS023128.
Citation: Garcia-Albeniz X, Hsu J, Lipsitch M .
Infective endocarditis and cancer in the elderly.
Eur J Epidemiol 2016 Jan;31(1):41-9. doi: 10.1007/s10654-015-0111-9.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Cancer: Prostate Cancer
Du XL, Zhang Y
Risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome associated with hematopoietic growth factors in a large population-based cohort of patients with colorectal cancer.
This study sought to determine the relationship between the receipt of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), stroke, heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in patients with colorectal cancer. It found that the use of ESAs was significantly associated with a substantially increased risk of MDS in patients with colorectal cancer.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Du XL, Zhang Y .
Risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome associated with hematopoietic growth factors in a large population-based cohort of patients with colorectal cancer.
Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015 Dec;14(4):e21-31. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.05.007.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk
El-Shami K, Oeffinger KC, Erb NL
American Cancer Society colorectal cancer survivorship care guidelines.
Communication and coordination of care between the treating oncologist and the primary care clinician is critical to effectively and efficiently manage the long-term care of colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. The guidelines in this article are intended to assist primary care clinicians in delivering risk-based health care for CRC survivors who have completed active therapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS020937.
Citation: El-Shami K, Oeffinger KC, Erb NL .
American Cancer Society colorectal cancer survivorship care guidelines.
CA Cancer J Clin 2015 Nov-Dec;65(6):428-55. doi: 10.3322/caac.21286.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Care Coordination, Guidelines, Primary Care
Murphy DR, Wu L, Thomas EJ
Electronic trigger-based intervention to reduce delays in diagnostic evaluation for cancer: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
The researchers tested whether prospective use of electronic health record-based trigger algorithms to identify patients at risk of diagnostic delays could prevent delays in diagnostic evaluation for cancer. They found that electronic trigger-based interventions seem to be effective in reducing time to diagnostic evaluation of colorectal and prostate cancer as well as improving the proportion of patients who receive follow-up.
AHRQ-funded; HS017820.
Citation: Murphy DR, Wu L, Thomas EJ .
Electronic trigger-based intervention to reduce delays in diagnostic evaluation for cancer: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
J Clin Oncol 2015 Nov 1;33(31):3560-7. doi: 10.1200/jco.2015.61.1301..
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Liu H, Mattke S, Predmore ZS
Medicare coverage of anesthesia services during screening colonoscopies for patients at low risk of sedation-related complications.
The authors examined the costs and potential benefit of the Medicare rule change that waived patient cost sharing for anesthesia services during screening colonoscopies. Their results cast doubt on the value associated with Medicare coverage of anesthesia services during screening colonoscopies for patients at low risk of sedation-related complications. They recommended that payers create payment bundles for endoscopy procedures that include anesthesia services in a fixed fee.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Liu H, Mattke S, Predmore ZS .
Medicare coverage of anesthesia services during screening colonoscopies for patients at low risk of sedation-related complications.
JAMA Intern Med 2015 Nov;175(11):1848-50. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.4585.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Colonoscopy, Medicare, Medication
Kahn B, Freeland Z, Gopal P
Predictors of guideline concordance for surveillance colonoscopy recommendations in patients at a safety-net health system.
The aim of this study was to quantify and identify predictors for guideline-concordant surveillance recommendations after adenoma polypectomy. It found that underuse recommendations were more likely in patients with C3 adenomas; overuse recommendations were more likely in patients with high-grade dysplasia or fair prep quality and less likely in those with piecemeal resection, C3 adenomas, age>65, or Hispanic ethnicity.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Kahn B, Freeland Z, Gopal P .
Predictors of guideline concordance for surveillance colonoscopy recommendations in patients at a safety-net health system.
Cancer Causes Control 2015 Nov;26(11):1653-60. doi: 10.1007/s10552-015-0661-x..
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Colonoscopy, Guidelines, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Baker DW, Brown T, Goldman SN
Two-year follow-up of the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence to annual colorectal cancer screening in community health centers.
After an earlier outreach intervention achieved 82 percent annual adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), this study assessed adherence to FOBT after a second outreach. It found that a total of 88.7 percent of patients completed a fecal immunochemical test within 6 months of their second outreach.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Baker DW, Brown T, Goldman SN .
Two-year follow-up of the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence to annual colorectal cancer screening in community health centers.
Cancer Causes Control 2015 Nov;26(11):1685-90. doi: 10.1007/s10552-015-0650-0..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Prevention, Screening
Abdelsattar ZM, Birkmeyer JD, Wong SL
Variation in Medicare payments for colorectal cancer surgery.
The researchers assessed the contributions of index hospitalization, physician services, readmissions, and postacute care to the overall variation in payment for colorectal cancer surgery (CRC). They concluded that Medicare spending in the first year after CRC surgery varies across hospitals even after case-mix adjustment and price standardization. Variation is largely driven by postacute care and not the index surgical hospitalization.
AHRQ-funded; HS020937; HS000053.
Citation: Abdelsattar ZM, Birkmeyer JD, Wong SL .
Variation in Medicare payments for colorectal cancer surgery.
J Oncol Pract 2015 Sep;11(5):391-5. doi: 10.1200/jop.2015.004036.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Payment, Medicare, Surgery
Brenner AT, Ko LK, Janz N
Race/ethnicity and primary language: health beliefs about colorectal cancer screening in a diverse, low-income population.
The purpose of this paper was to explore whether health belief model (HBM) constructs pertaining to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening differ by race/ethnicity and primary language. Understanding how different populations think about CRC screening may be critical in promoting screening in diverse populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Brenner AT, Ko LK, Janz N .
Race/ethnicity and primary language: health beliefs about colorectal cancer screening in a diverse, low-income population.
J Health Care Poor Underserved 2015 Aug;26(3):824-38. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2015.0075.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cultural Competence, Low-Income, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Screening
Kenzik K, Pisu M, Johns SA
Unresolved pain interference among colorectal cancer survivors: Implications for patient care and outcomes.
This study describes pain interference (PI) prevalence across the cancer continuum; 2) identifies demographic and clinical factors associated with PI and changes in PI; and 3) examines PI’s relationship with survivors’ job changes. It concluded that almost half of survivors with PI during the initial phase of care had continued PI into posttreatment. Comorbidities, especially cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions, contributed to continued PI.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Kenzik K, Pisu M, Johns SA .
Unresolved pain interference among colorectal cancer survivors: Implications for patient care and outcomes.
Pain Med 2015 Jul;16(7):1410-25. doi: 10.1111/pme.12727..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Quality of Life, Pain, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Gallego CJ, Shirts BH, Bennette CS
Next-generation sequencing panels for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and polyposis syndromes: a cost-effectiveness analysis.
The researchers evaluated the cost effectiveness of next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and polyposis (CRCP) syndromes in patients referred to cancer genetics clinics. They concluded that the use of an NGS panel that includes genes associated with highly penetrant CRCP syndromes in addition to Lynch syndrome genes as a first-line test is likely to provide meaningful clinical benefits in a cost-effective manner.
AHRQ-funded; HS021686.
Citation: Gallego CJ, Shirts BH, Bennette CS .
Next-generation sequencing panels for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and polyposis syndromes: a cost-effectiveness analysis.
J Clin Oncol 2015 Jun 20;33(18):2084-91. doi: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.3665..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Shared Decision Making, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Genetics, Healthcare Costs, Screening
Elstad EA, Sutkowi-Hemstreet A, Sheridan SL
Clinicians' perceptions of the benefits and harms of prostate and colorectal cancer screening.
The researchers sought to understand clinicians’ perceptions of the benefits and harms of two screening tests (colonoscopy and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing) that differ in their balance of potential benefits and harms. Clinicians perceived PSA testing to have a greater likelihood of harm as well as a lower likelihood of lengthening life relative to colonoscopy.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032; HS021133
Citation: Elstad EA, Sutkowi-Hemstreet A, Sheridan SL .
Clinicians' perceptions of the benefits and harms of prostate and colorectal cancer screening.
Med Decis Making. 2015 May;35(4):467-76. doi: 10.1177/0272989x15569780..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Colonoscopy, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Screening
Machlin SR, Soni A
AHRQ Author: Machlin SR, Soni A
Health care expenditures for adults with multiple treated chronic conditions: estimates from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2009.
The authors illustrated the usefulness of MEPS data for examining variations in medical expenditures for people with multiple chronic conditions (MCC). They found that the proportion of adults treated for MCC increased with age, with white non-Hispanic adults most likely and Hispanic and Asian adults least likely to be treated for MCC. Regardless of age or sex, hypertension and hyperlipidemia was the most common dyad among adults treated for MCC, and diabetes in conjunction with these 2 conditions was a common triad. They concluded that MEPS has the capacity to produce national estimates of health care expenditures associated with MCC.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Machlin SR, Soni A .
Health care expenditures for adults with multiple treated chronic conditions: estimates from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2009.
Prev Chronic Dis 2013 Apr 25;10:E63. doi: 10.5888/pcd10.120172.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Chronic Conditions, Healthcare Costs, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
Merkow RP, Kmiecik TE, Bentrem DJ
Effect of including cancer-specific variables on models examining short-term outcomes.
The objectives of this paper were 1) to examine differences between existing American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) variables and cancer registry variables, and 2) to determine whether the addition of cancer-specific variables improves modeling of short-term outcomes. The researchers found that, although advanced disease stage and neoadjuvant therapy variables were predictors of short-term outcomes, their inclusion did not improve the models.
AHRQ-funded; HS021857.
Citation: Merkow RP, Kmiecik TE, Bentrem DJ .
Effect of including cancer-specific variables on models examining short-term outcomes.
Cancer 2013 Apr 1;119(7):1412-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27891.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Outcomes, Quality Improvement, Registries