National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
51 to 64 of 64 Research Studies DisplayedFlickinger TE, Saha S, Roter D
Clinician empathy is associated with differences in patient-clinician communication behaviors and higher medication self-efficacy in HIV care.
The researchers examined associations of clinicians' empathy with patient-clinician communication behaviors, patients' rating of care, and medication self-efficacy. They found that clinicians in the highest vs. lowest empathy tertile engaged in less explicitly emotional talk, while clinicians in the middle vs. lowest engaged in more positive talk, more questions, and more patient activating talk, while patients of higher empathy clinicians disclosed more psychosocial and biomedical information. They further found that patients of clinicians in both the middle and highest (vs. lowest) empathy tertiles had greater odds of reporting highest medication self-efficacy.
AHRQ-funded; HS013903.
Citation: Flickinger TE, Saha S, Roter D .
Clinician empathy is associated with differences in patient-clinician communication behaviors and higher medication self-efficacy in HIV care.
Patient Educ Couns 2016 Feb;99(2):220-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.09.001.
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Keywords: Communication, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Clinician-Patient Communication
Flickinger TE, Saha S, Roter D
Respecting patients is associated with more patient-centered communication behaviors in clinical encounters.
The researchers investigated whether respect for patients was associated with communication behaviors during HIV care encounters. They found that respect is associated with positive and patient-centered communication behaviors during encounters. They recommended that clinicians should be mindful of their respectful attitudes and work to foster positive regard for patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS013903.
Citation: Flickinger TE, Saha S, Roter D .
Respecting patients is associated with more patient-centered communication behaviors in clinical encounters.
Patient Educ Couns 2016 Feb;99(2):250-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.08.020.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient and Family Engagement, Patient Experience, Clinician-Patient Communication
Depp TB, McGinnis KA, Kraemer K
Risk factors associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in HIV-infected and uninfected patients.
This study sought to determine the association between HIV infection and other risk factors for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). It concluded that HIV infection, especially with lower CD4 cell count, is an independent risk factor for AECOPD. Enhanced susceptibility to harm from current smoking or unhealthy alcohol use in HIV-infected patients may also contribute to the greater rate of AECOPD.
AHRQ-funded; HS023258.
Citation: Depp TB, McGinnis KA, Kraemer K .
Risk factors associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in HIV-infected and uninfected patients.
AIDS 2016 Jan 28;30(3):455-63. doi: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000940.
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Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Risk, Substance Abuse, Tobacco Use
Bares S, Eavou R, Bertozzi-Villa C
Expanded HIV testing and linkage to care: Conventional vs. Point-of-care testing and assignment of patient notification and linkage to care to an HIV care program.
This study examined the X-TLC program that used standard blood-based laboratory testing vs. point-of-care rapid testing or rapid laboratory testing with point-of-care results notification. Site coordinators and the linkage-to-care coordinator oversaw testing, test notification, and linkage to care. It concluded that HIV screening and linkage to care can be accomplished by incorporating standard testing for HIV into routine medical care.
AHRQ-funded; HS022433.
Citation: Bares S, Eavou R, Bertozzi-Villa C .
Expanded HIV testing and linkage to care: Conventional vs. Point-of-care testing and assignment of patient notification and linkage to care to an HIV care program.
Public Health Rep 2016 Jan-Feb;131 Suppl 1:107-20.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Urban Health, Vulnerable Populations
Khanna AS, Michaels S, Skaathun B
Preexposure prophylaxis awareness and use in a population-based sample of young black men who have sex with men.
The researchers studied relevant characteristics of diverse young black men who have sex with men and their corresponding preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) engagement. Their population-based cohort study illustrated that real-world PrEP use by those with the highest HIV incidence faces major implementation challenges that require purposeful and sustained engagement with black communities inclusive of their health care providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Khanna AS, Michaels S, Skaathun B .
Preexposure prophylaxis awareness and use in a population-based sample of young black men who have sex with men.
JAMA Intern Med 2016 Jan;176(1):136-8. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.6536..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Earnshaw VA, Jin H, Wickersham JA
Stigma toward men who have sex with men among future healthcare providers in Malaysia: would more interpersonal contact reduce prejudice?
This study sought to inform interventions to reduce stigma toward men who have sex with men (MSM) living in countries with strong stigma toward MSM, particularly among healthcare providers. It found that multivariate analyses of variance suggest that medical and dental students who had interpersonal contact with MSM were less prejudiced toward and had lower intentions to discriminate against MSM.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Earnshaw VA, Jin H, Wickersham JA .
Stigma toward men who have sex with men among future healthcare providers in Malaysia: would more interpersonal contact reduce prejudice?
AIDS Behav 2016 Jan;20(1):98-106. doi: 10.1007/s10461-015-1168-x.
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Keywords: Education: Academic, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Provider, Clinician-Patient Communication, Social Stigma
Rhodes RL, Nazir F, Lopez S
Use and predictors of end-of-life care among HIV patients in a safety net health system.
The authors examined completion of advance directives, use of palliative care, and enrollment in hospice among HIV patients who receive care at an urban safety net hospital. They found that the rates of advance directive completion, palliative care use, and hospice use were low. They recommended that advances should be made in identifying those patients earlier in their disease trajectories.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Rhodes RL, Nazir F, Lopez S .
Use and predictors of end-of-life care among HIV patients in a safety net health system.
J Pain Symptom Manage 2016 Jan;51(1):120-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.08.010.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Palliative Care, Urban Health
Haukoos JS, Campbell JD, Conroy AA
Programmatic cost evaluation of nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening in the emergency department.
The researchers estimated the total direct costs associated with performing nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening in the emergency department per newly-identified HIV-infected patients and compared such costs to those associated with diagnostic rapid HIV testing. They found that compared to diagnostic testing, nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening was more costly but identified more HIV infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS017526
Citation: Haukoos JS, Campbell JD, Conroy AA .
Programmatic cost evaluation of nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening in the emergency department.
PLoS One. 2013 Dec 31;8(12):e81565. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081565..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Healthcare Costs
Samji H, Cescon A, Hogg RS
Closing the gap: increases in life expectancy among treated HIV-positive individuals in the United States and Canada.
The researchers estimated changes in life expectancy among HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2000–2007 in the U.S. and Canada. They concluded that a 20-year-old HIV-positive adult on ART in the U.S. or Canada is expected to live into their early 70s, a life expectancy approaching that of the general population. Differences by sex, race, HIV transmission risk group, and CD4 count remain.
AHRQ-funded; 290010012.
Citation: Samji H, Cescon A, Hogg RS .
Closing the gap: increases in life expectancy among treated HIV-positive individuals in the United States and Canada.
PLoS One 2013 Dec 18;8(12):e81355. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081355..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Mortality
Hellinger FJ
AHRQ Author: Hellinger FJ
Assessing the cost effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in the US.
In order to assess the cost-effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in the U.S., the author evaluates various studies and finds that they yield widely varying estimates of the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, and that this variations reflects the substantial uncertainty surrounding the determinants of HIV transmission as well as different approaches to translating a reduction in HIV cases into an estimate of the increase in the number of QALYs.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Hellinger FJ .
Assessing the cost effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in the US.
Pharmacoeconomics. 2013 Dec;31(12):1091-104. doi: 10.1007/s40273-013-0111-0..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Healthcare Costs, Quality of Life, Healthcare Costs, Prevention
Zhang S, Senteio C, Felizzola J
Racial/ethnic disparities in antiretroviral treatment among HIV-infected pregnant Medicaid enrollees, 2005-2007.
The purpose of this study was to describe racial/ethnic disparities in ARV treatment of low-income Medicaid-eligible HIV-infected women, with a focus on minority populations in southern states. It found that Hispanic or Latino women are a specific subgroup at risk for inadequate ARV therapy in pregnancy. The researchers point out a specific policy issue with regard to the systematic exclusion of many immigrants from Medicaid-covered care during the prenatal period.
AHRQ-funded; HS019470.
Citation: Zhang S, Senteio C, Felizzola J .
Racial/ethnic disparities in antiretroviral treatment among HIV-infected pregnant Medicaid enrollees, 2005-2007.
Am J Public Health 2013 Dec;103(12):e46-53. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301328..
Keywords: Disparities, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Pregnancy, Social Determinants of Health
Soeters HM, Napravnik S, Zakharova OM
Opportunities for sexual transmission of antiretroviral drug resistance among HIV-infected patients in care.
The researchers had two aims: to examine patterns of nonadherence, high-risk sexual behavior, detectable HIV viraemia and antiretroviral drug resistance, and to identify factors associated with potential transmission of drug-resistant HIV among patients engaged in HIV care. They found that a small but significant proportion of clinic patients with viraemia and documented resistant HIV continue to engage in sexual behaviors that place others at risk for transmitted drug resistance.
AHRQ-funded; HS018731.
Citation: Soeters HM, Napravnik S, Zakharova OM .
Opportunities for sexual transmission of antiretroviral drug resistance among HIV-infected patients in care.
AIDS 2013 Nov 28;27(18):2873-81. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000433240.78739.30..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Lifestyle Changes, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Galarraga O, Genberg BL, Martin RA
Conditional economic incentives to improve HIV treatment adherence: literature review and theoretical considerations.
This review summarizes various theories from micro- and behavioral-economics to social and clinical psychology that may help to understand how conditional economic incentives (CEI) work, and how they may be integrated with theories of health behavior that focus more on internal motivation. It concluded that appropriate CEI can help patients adhere to HIV treatment in the short-term, while incentives are in place.
AHRQ-funded; HS019657
Citation: Galarraga O, Genberg BL, Martin RA .
Conditional economic incentives to improve HIV treatment adherence: literature review and theoretical considerations.
AIDS Behav. 2013 Sep;17(7):2283-92. doi: 10.1007/s10461-013-0415-2..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Patient Self-Management, Chronic Conditions, Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Le XH, Luque AE, Wang D
Assessing the usage of a guideline-driven interactive case simulation tool for insomnia screening and treatment in an HIV clinical education program.
The researchers report the preliminary results from a study to assess the usage of a guideline-driven insomnia screening and treatment case simulation tool. Using system usage diagrams as an instrument, they quantified visit frequency and length of stay for different types of system resources. Preliminary results have shown that both recommendations and interactive decision diagrams were frequently used, with the former having a longer length of stay but fewer visits.
AHRQ-funded; HS022057.
Citation: Le XH, Luque AE, Wang D .
Assessing the usage of a guideline-driven interactive case simulation tool for insomnia screening and treatment in an HIV clinical education program.
Stud Health Technol Inform 2013;192:323-7..
Keywords: Education: Continuing Medical Education, Guidelines, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Simulation, Sleep Problems