National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (1)
- Clinician-Patient Communication (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (2)
- Data (1)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (3)
- Healthcare Delivery (1)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (1)
- Health Services Research (HSR) (1)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (2)
- (-) Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (11)
- Patient and Family Engagement (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Primary Care (1)
- Quality Indicators (QIs) (2)
- Registries (1)
- (-) Research Methodologies (11)
- Risk (1)
- Surgery (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 11 of 11 Research Studies DisplayedPatel HD, Iyoha E, Pierorazio PM
A systematic review of research gaps in the evaluation and management of localized renal masses.
The authors conducted a systematic review to summarize research gaps for the evaluation of composite models for predicting malignancy; use of percutaneous renal sampling for diagnosis; and comparative effectiveness of surgery, thermal ablation, and active surveillance. They recommended incorporation of emerging biomarkers into validated composite models, standardization of biopsy protocols, standard reporting of clinical stage, and performance of prospective studies with objective selection criteria.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200007I.
Citation: Patel HD, Iyoha E, Pierorazio PM .
A systematic review of research gaps in the evaluation and management of localized renal masses.
Urology 2016 Dec;98:14-20. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.08.013.
.
.
Keywords: Cancer, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Quality Indicators (QIs), Research Methodologies
Flory JH, Mushlin AI, Goodman ZI
Proposals to conduct randomized controlled trials without informed consent: a narrative review.
The literature on various approaches to randomization without consent (RWOC) has never been systematically reviewed. The goal of the study was to provide a survey and narrative synthesis of published proposals for RWOC. Of all designs discussed, only cluster randomized designs and emergency research are routinely used, with the justification that informed consent is infeasible in those settings. Other designs have raised concerns that they do not appropriately respect patient autonomy.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Flory JH, Mushlin AI, Goodman ZI .
Proposals to conduct randomized controlled trials without informed consent: a narrative review.
J Gen Intern Med 2016 Dec;31(12):1511-18. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3780-5.
.
.
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Pezold ML, Pusic AL, Cohen WA
Defining a research agenda for patient-reported outcomes in surgery: using a Delphi survey of stakeholders.
The authors sought to create a research agenda to help determine future directions and advance cross-disciplinary collaboration on the use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in surgery. They concluded that the Patient-Reported Outcomes in Surgery Conference research agenda was created using a modified Delphi survey of stakeholders that will help researchers, surgeons, and funders identify crucial areas of future PROs research in surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS023357; HS000066.
Citation: Pezold ML, Pusic AL, Cohen WA .
Defining a research agenda for patient-reported outcomes in surgery: using a Delphi survey of stakeholders.
JAMA Surg 2016 Oct;151(10):930-36. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.1640.
.
.
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies, Surgery, Quality Indicators (QIs)
Cato KD, Bockting W, Larson E
Did I tell you that? Ethical issues related to using computational methods to discover non-disclosed patient characteristics.
Using the Belmont Report's principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice as a framework, the authors examined the ethical issues posed by electronic phenotyping. Ethical issues identified include the ability of the patient to consent for the use of their information, the ability to suppress pediatric information, and ensuring that the potential benefits justify the risks of harm to patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS022961.
Citation: Cato KD, Bockting W, Larson E .
Did I tell you that? Ethical issues related to using computational methods to discover non-disclosed patient characteristics.
J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2016 Jul;11(3):214-9. doi: 10.1177/1556264616661611.
.
.
Keywords: Clinician-Patient Communication, Data, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Registries, Research Methodologies
Cohen DJ, Balasubramanian BA, Gordon L
A national evaluation of a dissemination and implementation initiative to enhance primary care practice capacity and improve cardiovascular disease care: the ESCALATES study protocol.
This paper describes the study protocol for the EvidenceNOW national evaluation, which is called Evaluating System Change to Advance Learning and Take Evidence to Scale (ESCALATES). Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods analyses will be conducted to examine how Cooperatives organize to provide external support to practices, to compare effectiveness of the dissemination and implementation approaches they implement, and to examine how regional variations and other organization and contextual factors influence implementation and effectiveness.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981; HS023940.
Citation: Cohen DJ, Balasubramanian BA, Gordon L .
A national evaluation of a dissemination and implementation initiative to enhance primary care practice capacity and improve cardiovascular disease care: the ESCALATES study protocol.
Implement Sci 2016 Jun 29;11(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s13012-016-0449-8.
.
.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Primary Care, Research Methodologies
Desai RJ, Glynn RJ, Wang S
Performance of disease risk score matching in nested case-control studies: a simulation study.
The authors investigate whether or not matching on a disease risk score (DRS), which includes many confounders, results in greater precision than matching on only a few confounders. Their results suggest that DRS matching might increase the statistical efficiency of case-control studies, particularly when the outcome is rare.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Desai RJ, Glynn RJ, Wang S .
Performance of disease risk score matching in nested case-control studies: a simulation study.
Am J Epidemiol 2016 May 15;183(10):949-57. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv269.
.
.
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Risk, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Ertefaie A, Small D, Flory J
Selection bias when using instrumental variable methods to compare two treatments but more than two treatments are available.
The authors discuss how instrumental variable methods may result in biased treatment effects if applied on a data set in which subjects are preselected based on their received treatments. They applied their method on The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database to estimate the comparative effect of metformin and sulfonylureas on weight gain among patients with diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Ertefaie A, Small D, Flory J .
Selection bias when using instrumental variable methods to compare two treatments but more than two treatments are available.
Int J Biostat 2016 May 1;12(1):219-32. doi: 10.1515/ijb-2015-0006.
.
.
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Chen Y, Cai Y, Hong C
Inference for correlated effect sizes using multiple univariate meta-analyses.
The authors selected a multivariate meta-analysis approach that used standard univariate methods for the marginal effects but also provided valid joint inference for multiple parameters. Their method can directly handle missing outcomes and can provide unbiased estimates, well-estimated standard errors, and confidence intervals with good coverage probability. The method was also found to maintain high relative efficiency compared with conventional multivariate meta-analyses where the within-study correlations are known. The authors further illustrated the proposed method through two real meta-analyses.
AHRQ-funded; HS022900.
Citation: Chen Y, Cai Y, Hong C .
Inference for correlated effect sizes using multiple univariate meta-analyses.
Stat Med 2016 Apr 30;35(9):1405-22. doi: 10.1002/sim.6789.
.
.
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Johnson KE, Neta G, Dember LM
Use of PRECIS ratings in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) health care systems research collaboratory.
This analysis applied the PRECIS-2 pragmatic trial criteria to five NIH Collaboratory pragmatic trials to better understand 1) the pragmatic aspects of the design and implementation of treatments delivered in real world settings and 2) the usability of the PRECIS-2 criteria for assessing pragmatic features across studies and across time. All five trials were rated to be more pragmatic than explanatory.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Johnson KE, Neta G, Dember LM .
Use of PRECIS ratings in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) health care systems research collaboratory.
Trials 2016 Jan 16;17:32. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1158-y.
.
.
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Healthcare Delivery
Schneeweiss S, Seeger JD, Jackson JW
AHRQ Author: Smith SR
Methods for comparative effectiveness research/patient-centered outcomes research: from efficacy to effectiveness.
This article provides an overview of papers in this supplement resulting from a June 2012 AHRQ-sponsored symposium on research methods for CER and patient-centered outcomes research.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Schneeweiss S, Seeger JD, Jackson JW .
Methods for comparative effectiveness research/patient-centered outcomes research: from efficacy to effectiveness.
J Clin Epidemiol 2013 Aug;66(8 Suppl):S1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.05.012.
.
.
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Fleurence R, Selby JV, Odom-Walker K
AHRQ Author: Slutsky JR
How the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute is engaging patients and others in shaping its research agenda.
This article describes PCORI's approach to generating topics for research and how it is being used in selection of research that PCORI will fund. It further describes challenges facing this approach, including a lack of common language and training on the part of patients and resistance on the part of researchers to questions that are not researcher generated.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fleurence R, Selby JV, Odom-Walker K .
How the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute is engaging patients and others in shaping its research agenda.
Health Aff 2013 Feb;32(2):393-400. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1176.
.
.
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Patient and Family Engagement, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies