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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedSelden TM, Berdahl TA, Fang Z
AHRQ Author: Selden TM, Berdahl TA, Fang Z
The risk of severe COVID-19 within households of school employees and school-age children.
Across the United States, school districts are grappling with questions of whether and how to reopen elementary and secondary schools in the 2020-21 academic year. Using pre-pandemic household data, the authors examined how often persons at risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were connected to schools, either as employees or by living in the same households as school employees or school-age children.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Selden TM, Berdahl TA, Fang Z .
The risk of severe COVID-19 within households of school employees and school-age children.
Health Aff 2020 Nov;39(11):2002-09. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01536..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Public Health, Risk, Infectious Diseases
Misra-Hebert AD, Ji X, Nowacki AS
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers' risk of infection and outcomes in a large, integrated health system.
Researchers assessed healthcare workers (HCW) risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Participants were individuals who had tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large academic healthcare system. The study found that, in a large healthcare system, HCW had similar odds for testing positive, but lower odds of hospitalization, compared to non-HCW. Patient-facing HCW had higher odds of a positive test.
AHRQ-funded; HS024128.
Citation: Misra-Hebert AD, Ji X, Nowacki AS .
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers' risk of infection and outcomes in a large, integrated health system.
J Gen Intern Med 2020 Nov;35(11):3293-301. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06171-9..
Keywords: COVID-19, Risk, Provider: Health Personnel, Public Health, Healthcare Delivery, Infectious Diseases
Sheinfil AZ, Giguere R, Dolezal C
Information and motivation predict HIV-serostatus among a population of high-risk men and transgender women who have sex with men.
In this study, two constructs from the information-motivation-behavioral skills model were used to predict HIV-serostatus among a sample of men and transgender women who have sex with men. Hypotheses were that lower levels of HIV knowledge and lower levels of motivation to remain HIV-negative would be associated with an increased likelihood of receiving a positive HIV test result at a study eligibility-screening session.
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation: Sheinfil AZ, Giguere R, Dolezal C .
Information and motivation predict HIV-serostatus among a population of high-risk men and transgender women who have sex with men.
AIDS Behav 2020 Oct;24(10):2863-71. doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02835-z..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, Risk
Shang J, Russell D, Dowding D
A predictive risk model for infection-related hospitalization among home healthcare patients.
Infection prevention is a high priority for home healthcare (HHC), but tools are lacking to identify patients at highest risk of developing infections. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a predictive risk model to identify HHC patients at risk of an infection-related hospitalization or emergency department visit. A nonexperimental study using secondary data was conducted.
AHRQ-funded; HS024723.
Citation: Shang J, Russell D, Dowding D .
A predictive risk model for infection-related hospitalization among home healthcare patients.
J Healthc Qual 2020 May/Jun;42(3):136-47. doi: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000214..
Keywords: Elderly, Home Healthcare, Infectious Diseases, Community-Acquired Infections, Risk, Hospitalization, Emergency Department
Patel SA, Araujo T, Rodriguez LP
Long peripheral catheters: a retrospective review of major complications.
The risk of infectious and noninfectious complications associated with long peripheral catheters (LPCs) is unknown. In this retrospective study of 539 catheters, the investigators did a retrospective review of major complications. Among other discoveries, they found LPCs were often placed for the indications of difficult access and long-term antibiotics.
AHRQ-funded; HS025891.
Citation: Patel SA, Araujo T, Rodriguez LP .
Long peripheral catheters: a retrospective review of major complications.
J Hosp Med 2019 Dec;14(12):758-60. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3313..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Blood Clots, Infectious Diseases, Risk
Cruz AT, Nigrovic LE, Xie J
Predictors of invasive herpes simplex virus infection in young infants.
This study’s objective was to identify independent predictors of invasive herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in infants aged 60 days or less. This 23-center nested case-control study matched 149 infants with HSV to 1340 controls. All were 60 days or less old and had cerebrospinal fluid obtained within 24 hours of presentation or had HSV detected. Of the 149 infants with HSV, 90 had invasive and 59 had skin, eyes, and mouth disease. Predictors independently associated with invasive HSV included younger age (<28 days), prematurity, seizure at home, ill appearance, abnormal triage temperature, vesicular rash, thrombocytopenia, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Infants with invasive HSV had a higher median risk score than those without invasive HSV.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006; HS025138.
Citation: Cruz AT, Nigrovic LE, Xie J .
Predictors of invasive herpes simplex virus infection in young infants.
Pediatrics 2021 Sep;148(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-050052..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Infectious Diseases, Risk
Obodozie-Ofoegbu OO, Teng C, Mortensen EM
Antipseudomonal monotherapy or combination therapy for older adults with community-onset pneumonia and multidrug-resistant risk factors: a retrospective cohort study.
Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines recommend empiric antipseudomonal combination therapy when Pseudomonas is suspected. However, combination antipseudomonal therapy is controversial. This population-based retrospective cohort study compared all-cause 30-day mortality in older patients who received antipseudomonal monotherapy (PMT) or antipseudomonal combination therapy (PCT) for the treatment of community-onset pneumonia. The investigators found that older adults who received combination antipseudomonal therapy for community-onset pneumonia fared worse than those who received monotherapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Obodozie-Ofoegbu OO, Teng C, Mortensen EM .
Antipseudomonal monotherapy or combination therapy for older adults with community-onset pneumonia and multidrug-resistant risk factors: a retrospective cohort study.
Am J Infect Control 2019 Sep;47(9):1053-58. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.018..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Community-Acquired Infections, Elderly, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Pneumonia, Risk
Tourani R, Murphree DH, Melton-Meaux G
The value of aggregated high-resolution intraoperative data for predicting post-surgical infectious complications at two independent sites.
Surgical procedures carry the risk of postoperative infectious complications, which can be severe, expensive, and morbid. A growing body of evidence indicates that high-resolution intraoperative data can be predictive of these complications. However, these studies are often contradictory in their findings. In this work, data and models from two independent institutions, Mayo Clinic and University of Minnesota-affiliated Fairview Health Services, were directly compared using a common set of definitions for the variables and outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS024532.
Citation: Tourani R, Murphree DH, Melton-Meaux G .
The value of aggregated high-resolution intraoperative data for predicting post-surgical infectious complications at two independent sites.
Stud Health Technol Inform 2019 Aug 21;264:398-402. doi: 10.3233/shti190251..
Keywords: Surgery, Adverse Events, Risk, Infectious Diseases, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
Ren Z, Laumann AE, Silverberg JI
Association of dermatomyositis with systemic and opportunistic infections in the United States.
This study examined whether dermatomyositis is associated with opportunistic and antibiotic-resistant infections. Data was analyzed from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2012 with a cross-sectional representative 20% sample of all hospitalizations in the US. There was an association found with serious infections in adults and children, with more associated with adults. Infections were found in the skin, bone, joints, brain, heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal system. Predictors of infections included non-white race/ethnicity, insurance status, history of long-term corticosteroid usage, Cushing’s syndrome, diabetes and cancer. This in turn caused higher odds, costs, and inpatient mortality from these infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Ren Z, Laumann AE, Silverberg JI .
Association of dermatomyositis with systemic and opportunistic infections in the United States.
Arch Dermatol Res 2019 Jul;311(5):377-87. doi: 10.1007/s00403-019-01913-0..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Infectious Diseases, Risk, Skin Conditions
Goodman KE, Lessler J, Harris AD
A methodological comparison of risk scores versus decision trees for predicting drug-resistant infections: a case study using extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) bacteremia.
Timely identification of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections remains an epidemiological challenge. Statistical models for predicting drug resistance can offer utility where rapid diagnostics are unavailable or resource-impractical. The investigators previously reported on a decision tree for predicting extended-spectrum beta-lactamase bloodstream (ESBL) infections. Their objective in the current study was to develop a risk score from the same ESBL dataset to compare these 2 methods and to offer general guiding principles for using each approach.
AHRQ-funded; HS025089.
Citation: Goodman KE, Lessler J, Harris AD .
A methodological comparison of risk scores versus decision trees for predicting drug-resistant infections: a case study using extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) bacteremia.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Apr;40(4):400-07. doi: 10.1017/ice.2019.17..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Risk, Infectious Diseases