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Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (2)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (2)
- Antibiotics (5)
- (-) Antimicrobial Stewardship (11)
- Chronic Conditions (3)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Critical Care (2)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (1)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (2)
- Healthcare Utilization (2)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (1)
- Health Services Research (HSR) (1)
- Hospitals (1)
- Infectious Diseases (2)
- Kidney Disease and Health (2)
- Long-Term Care (1)
- (-) Medication (11)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Prevention (2)
- Primary Care (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 11 of 11 Research Studies DisplayedCunha CB, D'Agata EM
Implementing an antimicrobial stewardship program in out-patient dialysis units.
The purpose of this review is to highlight the key elements and interventions of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). The Infectious Disease Society of America and the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America have provided evidence-based guidelines for the development and implementation of an ASP. Many of their recommendations can be adapted to the out-patient dialysis setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS021666.
Citation: Cunha CB, D'Agata EM .
Implementing an antimicrobial stewardship program in out-patient dialysis units.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2016 Nov;25(6):551-55. doi: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000281.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Kidney Disease and Health, Chronic Conditions
Wares JR, Lawson B, Shemin D
Evaluating infection prevention strategies in out-patient dialysis units using agent-based modeling.
The researchers hypothesized that targeting patients receiving antimicrobial treatment would more effectively reduce transmission and acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and further that environmental contamination plays a role in the dissemination of MDRO in the dialysis unit. They found that reducing antimicrobial treatment markedly reduces overall colonization rates and also the levels of environmental contamination in the dialysis unit. They suggested that improving the environmental decontamination efficacy between patient dialysis treatments as an effective method for reducing colonization and contamination rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS021666.
Citation: Wares JR, Lawson B, Shemin D .
Evaluating infection prevention strategies in out-patient dialysis units using agent-based modeling.
PLoS One 2016 May 19;11(5):e0153820. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153820.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Infectious Diseases
Gidengil CA, Linder JA, Beach S
Using clinical vignettes to assess quality of care for acute respiratory infections.
Overprescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is common. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a vignette-based method to estimate clinician ARI antibiotic prescribing. The researchers concluded that responses to 3 clinical vignettes can identify clinicians with relatively poor quality ARI antibiotic prescribing. Vignettes may be a mechanism to target clinicians for quality improvement efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Gidengil CA, Linder JA, Beach S .
Using clinical vignettes to assess quality of care for acute respiratory infections.
Inquiry 2016 Apr 20;53:pii: 0046958016636531. doi: 10.1177/0046958016636531..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Health Services Research (HSR), Medication, Practice Patterns, Primary Care, Quality of Care, Respiratory Conditions
Lo Re V, 3rd, Carbonari DM, Lewis JD
Oral azole antifungal medications and risk of acute liver injury, overall and by chronic liver disease status.
The researchers evaluated incidence rates of acute liver injury associated with oral azole antifungals. They concluded that rates of acute liver injury were similarly low for fluconazole, ketoconazole, and itraconazole. Events were more common among voriconazole and posaconazole users but were comparable. Pre-existing chronic liver disease increased risk of azole-induced liver injury.
AHRQ-funded; HS018372.
Citation: Lo Re V, 3rd, Carbonari DM, Lewis JD .
Oral azole antifungal medications and risk of acute liver injury, overall and by chronic liver disease status.
Am J Med 2016 Mar;129(3):283-91.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.10.029.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Kidney Disease and Health, Chronic Conditions, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Kelesidis T, Braykov N, Uslan DZ
Indications and types of antibiotic agents used in 6 acute care hospitals, 2009-2010: a pragmatic retrospective observational study.
This study characterized the indications for antibiotic therapy, agents used, duration, combinations, and microbiological justification in 6 acute-care US facilities with varied location, size, and type of antimicrobial stewardship programs. It concluded that the use of broad-spectrum empirical therapy was prevalent in 6 US acute care facilities. Fluoroquinolones, vancomycin, and antipseudomonal penicillins were the most frequently used antibiotics, particularly for respiratory indications
AHRQ-funded; HS021188.
Citation: Kelesidis T, Braykov N, Uslan DZ .
Indications and types of antibiotic agents used in 6 acute care hospitals, 2009-2010: a pragmatic retrospective observational study.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Jan;37(1):70-9. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.226.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Critical Care, Hospitals, Medication, Respiratory Conditions
Lo Re V, 3rd, Haynes K, Forde KA
Risk of acute liver failure in patients with drug-induced liver injury: evaluation of Hy's Law and a new prognostic model.
The researchers aimed to develop a highly sensitive model to identify drug-induced liver injury (DILI) patients at increased risk of acute liver failure (ALF). negative predictive value (0.99), but low level of sensitivity (0.68) and positive predictive value (0.02). Their model, comprising data on platelet count and total bilirubin level, identified patients with ALF with a C statistic of 0.87 and enabled calculation of a risk score (Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity ALF Score).
AHRQ-funded; HS018372.
Citation: Lo Re V, 3rd, Haynes K, Forde KA .
Risk of acute liver failure in patients with drug-induced liver injury: evaluation of Hy's Law and a new prognostic model.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 Dec;13(13):2360-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.06.020.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Chronic Conditions, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Clinical Decision Support (CDS)
Hamilton KW, Gerber JS, Moehring R
Point-of-prescription interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship.
The purpose of this review was to discuss interventions focusing on antimicrobial prescribing at the point of prescription as well as a pilot project to engage unit-based healthcare providers in antimicrobial stewardship.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Hamilton KW, Gerber JS, Moehring R .
Point-of-prescription interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship.
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Apr 15;60(8):1252-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ018.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Patient Safety, Prevention
Jump RL, Heath B, Crnich CJ
Knowledge, beliefs, and confidence regarding infections and antimicrobial stewardship: a survey of Veterans Affairs providers who care for older adults.
The reseasrchers conducted an anonymous survey of providers who care for older adults from 10 Veterans Affairs long-term-care facilities to assess their knowledge, beliefs, and confidence toward treating infections and antimicrobial stewardship. They found that the average score on 5 questions assessing knowledge was 3.6 out of 5.0, thus supporting a need for education regarding the care of older adults with infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Jump RL, Heath B, Crnich CJ .
Knowledge, beliefs, and confidence regarding infections and antimicrobial stewardship: a survey of Veterans Affairs providers who care for older adults.
Am J Infect Control 2015 Mar;43(3):298-300. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.11.017.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Long-Term Care, Medication
Barnett ML, Linder JA
Antibiotic prescribing for adults with acute bronchitis in the United States, 1996-2010.
To estimate the association of ongoing CDC efforts to reduce antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis, the researchers evaluated the change in antibiotic prescribing rates for this condition in the U.S. between 1996 and 2010. They found that the antibiotic prescribing rate for this condition was 71 percent initially and increased during the study period.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419
Citation: Barnett ML, Linder JA .
Antibiotic prescribing for adults with acute bronchitis in the United States, 1996-2010.
JAMA. 2014 May 21;311(19):2020-2. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.286141..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare Utilization, Medication
Barnett ML, Linder JA
Antibiotic prescribing to adults with sore throat in the United States, 1997-2010.
In only about 10 percent of cases of sore throat (those related to A Streptococcus infection) are antibiotics indicated. However, a new study, combined with an earlier study, finds that despite efforts to reduce overprescribing, antibiotic use dropped from roughly 80 to 70 percent around 1993 and then to around 60 percent by 2000 where it has remained as of 2010.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419
Citation: Barnett ML, Linder JA .
Antibiotic prescribing to adults with sore throat in the United States, 1997-2010.
JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Jan;174(1):138-40. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.11673..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Healthcare Utilization
Donnelly JP, Baddley JW, Wang HE
Antibiotic utilization for acute respiratory tract infections in U.S. emergency departments.
Using national surveillance data for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), this study characterized patterns of antibiotic usage in U.S. emergency departments between 2001 and 2010. It found significant progress toward reductions on inappropriate antibiotic use among children; however, adults with ARTI continued to receive inappropriately high amounts of antibiotics.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852
Citation: Donnelly JP, Baddley JW, Wang HE .
Antibiotic utilization for acute respiratory tract infections in U.S. emergency departments.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Mar;58(3):1451-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02039-13..
Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Medication, Critical Care