National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (2)
- (-) Antibiotics (9)
- (-) Antimicrobial Stewardship (9)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Critical Care (1)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Utilization (2)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (1)
- Health Services Research (HSR) (1)
- Infectious Diseases (3)
- Kidney Disease and Health (1)
- Medication (5)
- Patient and Family Engagement (1)
- Patient Safety (2)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Prevention (2)
- Primary Care (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Surgery (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 9 of 9 Research Studies DisplayedBurnham CA, Hogan PG, Wallace MA
Topical decolonization does not eradicate the skin microbiota of community-dwelling or hospitalized adults.
The authors compared microbial communities and levels of richness and diversity in community-dwelling subjects and in intensive care unit patients before and after the use of topical decolonization protocols. They found a reduction in S. aureus without eradicating endogenous microbiota.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Burnham CA, Hogan PG, Wallace MA .
Topical decolonization does not eradicate the skin microbiota of community-dwelling or hospitalized adults.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016 Dec;60(12):7303-12. doi: 10.1128/aac.01289-16.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Patient Safety
Bartsch SM, Huang SS, Wong KF
Impact of delays between Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and Food and Drug Administration revisions of interpretive criteria for carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae.
The authors used their Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst (RHEA) simulation model and found that the 32-month delay in changing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) breakpoints might have resulted in 1,821 additional carriers in Orange County, CA. They recommend that policymakers aim to minimize the delay in the adoption of new breakpoints for antimicrobials against emerging pathogens when containment of spread is paramount, ideally less than 1.5 years.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Bartsch SM, Huang SS, Wong KF .
Impact of delays between Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and Food and Drug Administration revisions of interpretive criteria for carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae.
J Clin Microbiol 2016 Nov;54(11):2757-62. doi: 10.1128/jcm.00635-16.
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Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship
Cunha CB, D'Agata EM
Implementing an antimicrobial stewardship program in out-patient dialysis units.
The purpose of this review is to highlight the key elements and interventions of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). The Infectious Disease Society of America and the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America have provided evidence-based guidelines for the development and implementation of an ASP. Many of their recommendations can be adapted to the out-patient dialysis setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS021666.
Citation: Cunha CB, D'Agata EM .
Implementing an antimicrobial stewardship program in out-patient dialysis units.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2016 Nov;25(6):551-55. doi: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000281.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Kidney Disease and Health, Chronic Conditions
Wares JR, Lawson B, Shemin D
Evaluating infection prevention strategies in out-patient dialysis units using agent-based modeling.
The researchers hypothesized that targeting patients receiving antimicrobial treatment would more effectively reduce transmission and acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and further that environmental contamination plays a role in the dissemination of MDRO in the dialysis unit. They found that reducing antimicrobial treatment markedly reduces overall colonization rates and also the levels of environmental contamination in the dialysis unit. They suggested that improving the environmental decontamination efficacy between patient dialysis treatments as an effective method for reducing colonization and contamination rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS021666.
Citation: Wares JR, Lawson B, Shemin D .
Evaluating infection prevention strategies in out-patient dialysis units using agent-based modeling.
PLoS One 2016 May 19;11(5):e0153820. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153820.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Infectious Diseases
Heid C, Knobloch MJ, Schulz LT
Use of the health belief model to study patient perceptions of antimicrobial stewardship in the acute care setting.
The authors identified themes associated with patient perceptions of antibiotic use and the role of patients in inpatient antimicrobial stewardship. They found that general medicine inpatients receiving at least one anti-infective medication recognized antibiotic resistance as a serious public health threat but expressed low perceived susceptibility to being personally affected by antibiotic resistance. Few participants reported being offered the opportunity to engage in shared decision making while hospitalized. The researchers concluded that the likelihood of patient engagement in stewardship practices is currently limited by low perceived susceptibility and lack of cues to act.
AHRQ-funded; HS023791.
Citation: Heid C, Knobloch MJ, Schulz LT .
Use of the health belief model to study patient perceptions of antimicrobial stewardship in the acute care setting.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 May;37(5):576-82. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.342.
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Keywords: Critical Care, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Patient and Family Engagement, Patient Safety
Gidengil CA, Linder JA, Beach S
Using clinical vignettes to assess quality of care for acute respiratory infections.
Overprescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is common. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a vignette-based method to estimate clinician ARI antibiotic prescribing. The researchers concluded that responses to 3 clinical vignettes can identify clinicians with relatively poor quality ARI antibiotic prescribing. Vignettes may be a mechanism to target clinicians for quality improvement efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Gidengil CA, Linder JA, Beach S .
Using clinical vignettes to assess quality of care for acute respiratory infections.
Inquiry 2016 Apr 20;53:pii: 0046958016636531. doi: 10.1177/0046958016636531..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Health Services Research (HSR), Medication, Practice Patterns, Primary Care, Quality of Care, Respiratory Conditions
Kronman MP, Hersh AL, Gerber JS
Identifying antimicrobial stewardship targets for pediatric surgical patients.
The authors examined the collective pool of all systemic antibiotics prescribed to children hospitalized for surgical conditions and identified common surgical conditions with highly variable and potentially unnecessary antibiotic use. They concluded that the use of vancomycin for pediatric cardiothoracic and neurosurgical patients, and broad-spectrum antipseudomonal agents for gastrointestinal surgery patients, represent potentially high-yield targets for stewardship efforts to reduce unnecessary antimicrobial use.
AHRQ-funded; HS023320.
Citation: Kronman MP, Hersh AL, Gerber JS .
Identifying antimicrobial stewardship targets for pediatric surgical patients.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2015 Dec;4(4):e100-8. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piv022.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Children/Adolescents, Children/Adolescents, Surgery
Barnett ML, Linder JA
Antibiotic prescribing for adults with acute bronchitis in the United States, 1996-2010.
To estimate the association of ongoing CDC efforts to reduce antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis, the researchers evaluated the change in antibiotic prescribing rates for this condition in the U.S. between 1996 and 2010. They found that the antibiotic prescribing rate for this condition was 71 percent initially and increased during the study period.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419
Citation: Barnett ML, Linder JA .
Antibiotic prescribing for adults with acute bronchitis in the United States, 1996-2010.
JAMA. 2014 May 21;311(19):2020-2. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.286141..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare Utilization, Medication
Barnett ML, Linder JA
Antibiotic prescribing to adults with sore throat in the United States, 1997-2010.
In only about 10 percent of cases of sore throat (those related to A Streptococcus infection) are antibiotics indicated. However, a new study, combined with an earlier study, finds that despite efforts to reduce overprescribing, antibiotic use dropped from roughly 80 to 70 percent around 1993 and then to around 60 percent by 2000 where it has remained as of 2010.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419
Citation: Barnett ML, Linder JA .
Antibiotic prescribing to adults with sore throat in the United States, 1997-2010.
JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Jan;174(1):138-40. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.11673..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Healthcare Utilization