National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 376 Research Studies DisplayedHeintzman J, Marino M, Hoopes M
Supporting health insurance expansion: do electronic health records have valid insurance verification and enrollment data?
The researchers sought to validate electronic health record (EHR) insurance information for low-income pediatric patients at Oregon community health centers (CHCs), compared to reimbursement data and Medicaid coverage data. They concluded that EHR coverage data for children had a high overall correspondence with Medicaid data and reimbursement data, suggesting that in some systems EHR data could be utilized to promote insurance stability in their patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021522.
Citation: Heintzman J, Marino M, Hoopes M .
Supporting health insurance expansion: do electronic health records have valid insurance verification and enrollment data?
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2015 Jul;22(4):909-13. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocv033..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Insurance, Medicaid, Low-Income, Children/Adolescents
Wiese AD, Griffin MR, Zhu Y
Changes in empyema among U.S. children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era.
The authors assessed changes in the incidence of empyema hospitalizations among U.S. children after the PCV13 vaccine introduction. They found that although empyema hospitalization rates among U.S. children peaked after the PCV7 vaccine introduction, rates decreased substantially following the introduction of PCV13.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Wiese AD, Griffin MR, Zhu Y .
Changes in empyema among U.S. children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era.
Vaccine 2016 Dec 7;34(50):6243-49. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.062.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Vaccination
Wilcox HC, Kharrazi H, Wilson RF
Data linkage strategies to advance youth suicide prevention: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.
This review sought to identify and describe data systems that can be linked to data from prevention studies to advance youth suicide prevention research. It concluded that there is untapped potential to evaluate and enhance suicide prevention efforts by linking suicide prevention data with existing data systems. However, sparse availability of data dictionaries and lack of adherence to standard data elements limit this potential.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200007I.
Citation: Wilcox HC, Kharrazi H, Wilson RF .
Data linkage strategies to advance youth suicide prevention: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Dec 6;165(11):779-85. doi: 10.7326/m16-1281.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Children/Adolescents, Data, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
McDonald ML, Huang A, Proudfoot JA
Association of obesity, BMI, and Hispanic ethnicity on ambulatory status in children with spinal dysraphism followed near the California-Mexico border.
This study evaluated the relationship between body mass index (BMI), overweight status (OW), or obesity (OB) and ambulatory status in a predominantly Hispanic population of children with spinal dysraphism (SD). It found that,despite no difference in ambulatory status, increasing BMI and OW / OB are associated with Hispanic ethnicity and increasing age.
AHRQ-funded; HS022404.
Citation: McDonald ML, Huang A, Proudfoot JA .
Association of obesity, BMI, and Hispanic ethnicity on ambulatory status in children with spinal dysraphism followed near the California-Mexico border.
J Health Care Poor Underserved 2016;27(4):1956-69. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2016.0173.
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Keywords: Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Children/Adolescents, Health Status
Garcia I, Chiodo V, Ma Y
Evidence of altered matrix composition in iliac crest biopsies from patients with idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis.
The goal of this study is to describe idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (IJO)bone composition. It concluded that IJO bone, similar to post-menopausal osteoporosis (PMO) bone, had elevated collagen maturity relative to its age-matched controls. This emphasizes the importance of the collagen matrix for bone health. IJO bone differed from PMO bone as IJO bone contains more recently formed mineral than age-matched controls.
AHRQ-funded; HS021734.
Citation: Garcia I, Chiodo V, Ma Y .
Evidence of altered matrix composition in iliac crest biopsies from patients with idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis.
Connect Tissue Res 2016;57(1):28-37. doi: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1088531.
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Keywords: Osteoporosis, Children/Adolescents, Children/Adolescents
Westover AN, Nakonezny PA, Adinoff B
Impact of stimulant medication use on heart rate and systolic blood pressure during submaximal exercise treadmill testing in adolescents.
In this study of the impact of stimulant medication use on heart rate and systolic blood pressure during submaximal exercise treadmill testing in adolescents, the investigators found that adolescent stimulant medication users, compared to matched nonusers, demonstrated a trend toward decreased heart rate during submaximal exercise (which is potential evidence of chronic adaptation with stimulant exposure). There was no evidence for delayed heart rate recovery in this study, and thus, no evidence for decreased parasympathetic activity during initial exercise recovery.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Westover AN, Nakonezny PA, Adinoff B .
Impact of stimulant medication use on heart rate and systolic blood pressure during submaximal exercise treadmill testing in adolescents.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2016 Dec;26(10):889-99. doi: 10.1089/cap.2016.0064..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Children/Adolescents, Blood Pressure, Medication, Medication: Safety
Cohen B, Murray M, Jia H
Is hand hygiene frequency associated with the onset of outbreaks in pediatric long-term care?
The authors studied the possibility of a correlation between hand hygiene and viral outbreak reduction in pediatric long-term care facilities. Contrary to findings in adult long-term care facilities, they found no association between hand hygiene frequency and subsequent outbreak onset in pediatric long-term care facilities.
AHRQ-funded; HS021470.
Citation: Cohen B, Murray M, Jia H .
Is hand hygiene frequency associated with the onset of outbreaks in pediatric long-term care?
Am J Infect Control 2016 Dec;44(12):1492-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.06.022.
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Keywords: Prevention, Children/Adolescents, Long-Term Care, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Children/Adolescents
Bonafide CP, Brady PW, Daymont C
Physiologic monitor alarms for children: pushing the limits.
This editorial comments on an article by Goel, et al., (2017), published in the Journal of Hospital Medicine, entitled “Safety analysis of proposed data-driven physiologic alarm parameters for hospitalized children.”
AHRQ-funded; HS023827.
Citation: Bonafide CP, Brady PW, Daymont C .
Physiologic monitor alarms for children: pushing the limits.
J Hosp Med 2016 Dec;11(12):886-87. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2638..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Patient Safety
Lipton BJ, Wherry LR, Miller S
AHRQ Author: Lipton BJ, Decker S
Previous Medicaid expansion may have had lasting positive effects on oral health of non-Hispanic black children.
The researchers estimated the relationship between adult oral health and the extent of state public health insurance eligibility for pregnant women, infants, and children throughout childhood separately for non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics. They found that expanded Medicaid coverage geared toward pregnant women and children during their first year of life was linked to better oral health in adulthood among non-Hispanic blacks.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Lipton BJ, Wherry LR, Miller S .
Previous Medicaid expansion may have had lasting positive effects on oral health of non-Hispanic black children.
Health Aff 2016 Dec;35(12):2249-58. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0865.
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Keywords: Medicaid, Dental and Oral Health, Children/Adolescents, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Heerman WJ, Mitchell SJ, Thompson J
Parental perception of built environment characteristics and built environment use among Latino families: a cross-sectional study.
The researchers examined the association of perceived availability, condition, and safety of the built environment with its self-reported use for physical activity among underserved families with children at risk for obesity. In their sample of underserved families, perceived availability and condition of built environment structures were associated with use rather than perceived safety.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Heerman WJ, Mitchell SJ, Thompson J .
Parental perception of built environment characteristics and built environment use among Latino families: a cross-sectional study.
BMC Public Health 2016 Nov 22;16(1):1180. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3854-7.
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Keywords: Obesity, Social Determinants of Health, Children/Adolescents, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations
Thomson J, Hall M, Berry JG
Diagnostic testing and hospital outcomes of children with neurologic impairment and bacterial pneumonia.
This study assessed hospital-level variability in diagnostic testing and outcomes for children with neurologic impairment hospitalized with pneumonia. For children with neurologic impairment hospitalized with pneumonia, across hospital differences in diagnostic testing were not associated with clinically meaningful differences in outcomes. High-utilizing hospitals may be able to decrease diagnostic testing for children with neurologic impairment hospitalized with pneumonia without adversely impacting outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023092.
Citation: Thomson J, Hall M, Berry JG .
Diagnostic testing and hospital outcomes of children with neurologic impairment and bacterial pneumonia.
J Pediatr 2016 Nov;178:156-63.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.07.024.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Outcomes, Hospitalization
Leyenaar JK, Ralston SL, Shieh MS
Epidemiology of pediatric hospitalizations at general hospitals and freestanding children's hospitals in the United States.
Researchers described the volume and characteristics of pediatric hospitalizations at acute care general and freestanding children's hospitals in the United States. They found that, in 2012, more than 70 percent of pediatric hospitalizations occurred at general hospitals in the United States. Although the most common reasons for hospitalization were similar, the most costly conditions differed.
AHRQ-funded; HS024133.
Citation: Leyenaar JK, Ralston SL, Shieh MS .
Epidemiology of pediatric hospitalizations at general hospitals and freestanding children's hospitals in the United States.
J Hosp Med 2016 Nov;11(11):743-49. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2624.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Hospitals, Children/Adolescents
Johnson SA, Shi J, Groner JI
Inter-facility transfer of pediatric burn patients from U.S. Emergency Departments.
This study described the epidemiology of pediatric burn patients seen in U.S. emergency departments (EDs) in order to determine factors associated with inter-facility transfer. It concluded that over 90 percent of pediatric burn ED patients meet ABA burn referral criteria but are not transferred from low volume hospitals.
AHRQ-funded; HS022277.
Citation: Johnson SA, Shi J, Groner JI .
Inter-facility transfer of pediatric burn patients from U.S. Emergency Departments.
Burns 2016 Nov;42(7):1413-22. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.06.024.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Transitions of Care, Children/Adolescents, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Guidelines
Brunwasser SM, Garber J
Programs for the prevention of youth depression: evaluation of efficacy, effectiveness, and readiness for dissemination.
This study used the Society for Prevention Research's Standards of Evidence to evaluate the degree to which existing depression prevention programs have established intervention efficacy, effectiveness, and readiness for dissemination. The authors concluded that although several programs have demonstrated promise in terms of efficacy, no depression prevention program for children or adolescents has garnered sufficient evidence of effectiveness under real-world conditions to warrant widespread dissemination.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Brunwasser SM, Garber J .
Programs for the prevention of youth depression: evaluation of efficacy, effectiveness, and readiness for dissemination.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2016 Nov-Dec;45(6):763-83. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2015.1020541.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Depression, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Zima BT, Rodean J, Hall M
Psychiatric disorders and trends in resource use in pediatric hospitals.
This study described recent, 10-year trends in pediatric hospital resource use with and without a psychiatric diagnosis and examine how these trends vary by type of psychiatric and medical diagnosis co-occurrence. It concluded that the 10-year rise in pediatric hospitalizations in US children's hospitals is 5 times greater for children with versus without a psychiatric diagnosis.
AHRQ-funded; HS023092.
Citation: Zima BT, Rodean J, Hall M .
Psychiatric disorders and trends in resource use in pediatric hospitals.
Pediatrics 2016 Nov;138(5). doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-0909.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Hospitalization, Children/Adolescents
Toomey SL, Elliott MN, Schwebel DC
Relationship between adolescent report of patient-centered care and of quality of primary care.
This study investigated whether adolescent self-report of patient-centered care (PCC) varied by patient characteristics and whether receipt of PCC is associated with measures of adolescent primary care quality. It found that adolescent-reported PCC positively correlates with measures of high-quality adolescent primary care. The study provides support for using adolescent-report of PCC as a measure of adolescent primary care quality.
AHRQ-funded; HS020513.
Citation: Toomey SL, Elliott MN, Schwebel DC .
Relationship between adolescent report of patient-centered care and of quality of primary care.
Acad Pediatr 2016 Nov - Dec;16(8):770-76. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.006.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Primary Care, Clinician-Patient Communication, Quality of Care, Access to Care
Sobotka SA, Msall ME
Supporting vulnerable children after life-threatening neonatal illness: opportunities for improving outcomes.
This article discusses two articles in the same issue, one involving kindergarten readiness after prematurity, and the other examining medical and surgical factors impacting children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and their later school age achievement test performance. The authors state that these two articles provide evidence for longitudinal support of infants who survive critical illness.
AHRQ-funded; HS023007.
Citation: Sobotka SA, Msall ME .
Supporting vulnerable children after life-threatening neonatal illness: opportunities for improving outcomes.
J Pediatr 2016 Nov;178:12-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.07.037.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Newborns/Infants, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Children/Adolescents, Vulnerable Populations
Eskreis-Winkler L, Shulman EP, Young V
Using wise interventions to motivate deliberate practice.
This study examined whether psychologically "wise" interventions targeting expectancies and values-stock antecedents of ordinary effortful behaviors-could motivate nonexperts to engage in deliberate practice and improve their achievement. Its findings provide preliminary support for the heretofore untested hypothesis that deliberate practice submits to the same laws that govern typical forms of effortful behavior.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Eskreis-Winkler L, Shulman EP, Young V .
Using wise interventions to motivate deliberate practice.
J Pers Soc Psychol 2016 Nov;111(5):728-44. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000074.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Young Adults
Murray MT, Heitkempber E, Jackson O
Direct costs of acute respiratory infections in a pediatric long-term care facility.
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) are a major burden in pediatric long-term care. The researchers analyzed the financial impact of ARI in 2012-2013. Costs associated with ARI during the respiratory viral season were ten times greater than during the non-respiratory viral season, $31,224 and $3,242 per 1000 patient-days, respectively.
AHRQ-funded; HS021470.
Citation: Murray MT, Heitkempber E, Jackson O .
Direct costs of acute respiratory infections in a pediatric long-term care facility.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016 Jan;10(1):34-6. doi: 10.1111/irv.12350.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Respiratory Conditions, Long-Term Care, Healthcare Costs, Children/Adolescents
Cohen JF, Gorski MT, Hoffman JA
Healthier standards for school meals and snacks: impact on school food revenues and lunch participation rates.
This study evaluated the impact of updated school meal standards and Massachusetts' comprehensive competitive food standards on school food revenues and school lunch participation. The study found that schools experienced initial revenue losses after implementation of the standards, yet longer-term school food revenues were not impacted and school meal participation increased among children eligible for reduced-price meals. Weakening the school meal or competitive food guidelines based on revenue concerns appears unwarranted.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Cohen JF, Gorski MT, Hoffman JA .
Healthier standards for school meals and snacks: impact on school food revenues and lunch participation rates.
Am J Prev Med 2016 Oct;51(4):485-92. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.02.031..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Nutrition
Upadhya KK, Jalazo ER, Connor KA
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB
Optimizing preconception health among young women: what are we missing?
This study evaluated whether receipt of specific preconception counseling topics differs between teen, young adult, and older mothers. It found that teen mothers were less than half as likely to be counseled about taking folic acid, 4 times more likely to be counseled about vaccines, and twice as likely to be counseled about mental health before pregnancy compared with adult mothers.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Upadhya KK, Jalazo ER, Connor KA .
Optimizing preconception health among young women: what are we missing?
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016 Oct;29(5):464-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2016.02.010.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Sexual Health, Maternal Care, Pregnancy, Women, Young Adults
Carmody D, Pastore AN, Landmeier KA
Patients with KCNJ11-related diabetes frequently have neuropsychological impairments compared with sibling controls.
This study compared neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with KCNJ11 mutations and their sibling controls. It found that patients with KCNJ11-related diabetes without global developmental delay had significant differences compared with sibling controls on a range of assessments including IQ, measures of academic achievement and executive function.
AHRQ-funded; HS023007.
Citation: Carmody D, Pastore AN, Landmeier KA .
Patients with KCNJ11-related diabetes frequently have neuropsychological impairments compared with sibling controls.
Diabet Med 2016 Oct;33(10):1380-6. doi: 10.1111/dme.13159.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diabetes, Disabilities, Neurological Disorders, Newborns/Infants
Kim JP, Chao LX, Simpson EL
Persistence of atopic dermatitis (AD): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Previous studies found conflicting results about whether childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) persists into adulthood. The researchers sought to determine persistence rates and clinical factors associated with prolonged AD. They found that most childhood AD remitted by adulthood. However, children with already persistent disease, later onset, and/or more severe disease have increased persistence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Kim JP, Chao LX, Simpson EL .
Persistence of atopic dermatitis (AD): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Am Acad Dermatol 2016 Oct;75(4):681-87.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.05.028.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Chronic Conditions, Children/Adolescents
Pinyavat T, Warner DO, Flick RP
Summary of the update session on clinical neurotoxicity studies.
During the Fifth Pediatric Anesthesia Neurodevelopmental Assessment Symposium, experts and stakeholders met to present and discuss recent advances made in the study of neurodevelopmental outcomes after exposure to anesthetic drugs in infants and children. This article summarizes the update of 5 ongoing clinical studies: General Anesthesia compared to Spinal Anesthesia, Toxicity of Remifentanil and Dexmedetomidine, Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids, the University of California San Francisco human cohort study, and Columbia University Medical Center Neonatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging study.
AHRQ-funded; HS022941.
Citation: Pinyavat T, Warner DO, Flick RP .
Summary of the update session on clinical neurotoxicity studies.
J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2016 Oct;28(4):356-60. doi: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000347.
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Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Children/Adolescents, Medication: Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Medication
Sharifi M, Sequist TD, Rifas-Shiman SL
The role of neighborhood characteristics and the built environment in understanding racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity.
The authors sought to examine the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in elevated child body mass index (BMI) are explained by neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and the built environment. They concluded that SES and the built environment may be important drivers of childhood obesity disparities and that interventions must be tailored to the neighborhood contexts in which families live.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Sharifi M, Sequist TD, Rifas-Shiman SL .
The role of neighborhood characteristics and the built environment in understanding racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity.
Prev Med 2016 Oct;91:103-09. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.009.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Disparities, Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health