National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Arthritis (1)
- Behavioral Health (2)
- Brain Injury (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (6)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Depression (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (2)
- Disparities (6)
- Elderly (2)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Healthcare Delivery (1)
- Health Insurance (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (5)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- Outcomes (5)
- Pain (1)
- Palliative Care (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (1)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Provider (1)
- Provider Performance (1)
- Quality of Life (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (6)
- Registries (1)
- Risk (2)
- (-) Sex Factors (19)
- Sleep Problems (1)
- Stroke (2)
- Surgery (1)
- Trauma (1)
- Vaccination (1)
- Young Adults (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 19 of 19 Research Studies DisplayedWomack VY, De Chavez PJ, Albrecht SS
A longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and development of metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.
The researchers tested whether baseline and time-varying depressive symptoms were associated with metabolic syndrome incidence in black and white men and women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. They found that, over 15 years, the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome varied by race and sex, with the highest rate in black women followed by white men, black men, and white women. Depressive symptoms were associated with incident metabolic syndrome in white men and white women. However, they found no significant association between depression and metabolic syndrome among black men or black women.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Womack VY, De Chavez PJ, Albrecht SS .
A longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and development of metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.
Psychosom Med 2016 Sep;78(7):867-73. doi: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000347.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Depression, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Young Adults
de St Maurice A, Schaffner W, Griffin MR
Persistent sex disparities in invasive pneumococcal diseases in the conjugate vaccine era.
The authors examined sex differences in rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and trends after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). They concluded that rates of IPD were generally higher in male than in female subjects.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: de St Maurice A, Schaffner W, Griffin MR .
Persistent sex disparities in invasive pneumococcal diseases in the conjugate vaccine era.
J Infect Dis 2016 Sep 01;214(5):792-7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw222.
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Keywords: Pneumonia, Sex Factors, Vaccination, Prevention
Albrecht JS, McCunn M, Stein DM
Sex differences in mortality following isolated traumatic brain injury among older adults.
This retrospective cohort study's objective was to determine the possibility of sex differences in mortality among older adutls following isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to comapre with findings using all TBI. The researchers did not find that women were significantly associated with decreased odds of mortality following isolated TBI.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560.
Citation: Albrecht JS, McCunn M, Stein DM .
Sex differences in mortality following isolated traumatic brain injury among older adults.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016 Sep;81(3):486-92. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001118.
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Keywords: Sex Factors, Trauma, Brain Injury, Mortality, Elderly
Just E, Casarett DJ, Asch DA
Differences in terminal hospitalization care between U.S. men and women.
The authors sought to determine whether men and women receive different care during terminal hospitalizations by examining sex-based differences in lengths of stay, resuscitation status, and intensive interventions and processes of care. They found that. compared with men, women had slightly shorter hospitalizations and were more likely to have a do-not-resuscitate order. Women remained less likely to receive care in an intensive care unit, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, or surgical procedures. The researchers concluded that men who die in hospitals receive more aggressive care than women.
AHRQ-funded; HS018425.
Citation: Just E, Casarett DJ, Asch DA .
Differences in terminal hospitalization care between U.S. men and women.
J Pain Symptom Manage 2016 Aug;52(2):205-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.01.013.
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Keywords: Disparities, Palliative Care, Hospitalization, Sex Factors, Elderly
Lipman GS, Krabak BJ, Rundell SD
Incidence and prevalence of acute kidney injury during multistage ultramarathons.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) during multistage ultramarathons. The authors found that prevalence of AKI was 63%-78% during multistage ultramarathons, and that female sex, lower pack weight, and greater weight loss were associated with renal impairment.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Lipman GS, Krabak BJ, Rundell SD .
Incidence and prevalence of acute kidney injury during multistage ultramarathons.
Clin J Sport Med 2016 Jul;26(4):314-9. doi: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000253.
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Keywords: Injuries and Wounds, Risk, Sex Factors, Outcomes
Piccini JP, Simon DN, Steinberg BA
Differences in clinical and functional outcomes of atrial fibrillation in women and men: two-year results from the ORBIT-AF Registry.
The purpose of this paper was to determine whether symptoms, quality of life, treatment, and outcomes differ between women and men with atrial fibrillation (AF). The authors found that women with AF have more symptoms and worse quality of life, lower risk-adjusted all-cause and cardiovascular death compared with men, but higher stroke rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Piccini JP, Simon DN, Steinberg BA .
Differences in clinical and functional outcomes of atrial fibrillation in women and men: two-year results from the ORBIT-AF Registry.
JAMA Cardiol 2016 Jun 1;1(3):282-91. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0529.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Sex Factors, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Quality of Life, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice
Kinasz K, Accurso EC, Kass AE
Does sex matter in the clinical presentation of eating disorders in youth?
The authors compared demographic and clinical characteristics of child and adolescent males and females who presented for eating disorder treatment. They found that males presented at a significantly younger age and were more likely to be nonwhite, while females showed more severe pathology across the Eating Disorder Examination subscales. They suggested further exploration into why the sexes present differently.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Kinasz K, Accurso EC, Kass AE .
Does sex matter in the clinical presentation of eating disorders in youth?
J Adolesc Health 2016 Apr;58(4):410-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.11.005.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Nutrition, Sex Factors
Lee S, Teschemaker AR, Daniel M
Calcium and vitamin D use among older adults in U.S.: results from national survey.
The investigators conducted this study to describe a 10-year trend of calcium and vitamin D use from 2000 to 2009 and to evaluate age, gender, and racial disparities using national level health data. They found variability in the access to the medications, despite the observed increases associated with calcium and vitamin D supplements.
AHRQ-funded; HS011673.
Citation: Lee S, Teschemaker AR, Daniel M .
Calcium and vitamin D use among older adults in U.S.: results from national survey.
J Nutr Health Aging 2016 Mar;20(3):300-5. doi: 10.1007/s12603-015-0614-9.
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Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors
Chen SI, Wang Y, Dreyer R
Insurance and prehospital delay in patients </=55 years with acute myocardial infarction.
The authors assessed whether gender differences in health insurance help explain gender differences in delay in seeking care for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the US and in Spain. They concluded that in the US, women were more likely than men to delay, although it was not explained by differences in insurance status. Further, the lack of gender differences in prehospital delays in Spain suggests that these differences may vary by health care system and culture.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Chen SI, Wang Y, Dreyer R .
Insurance and prehospital delay in patients </=55 years with acute myocardial infarction.
Am J Cardiol 2015 Dec 15;116(12):1827-32. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.09.018.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Health Insurance, Heart Disease and Health, Sex Factors
Spatz ES, Curry LA, Masoudi FA
The variation in recovery: role of gender on outcomes of young AMI Patients (VIRGO) classification system: a taxonomy for young women with acute myocardial infarction.
The authors developed a novel taxonomy among adults up to age 55 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) enrolled in the Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients (VIRGO) study. They found that approximately 1 in 8 young women with AMI is unclassified by the Universal Definition of MI. They proposed a more inclusive taxonomy that could serve as a framework for understanding biological disease mechanisms, therapeutic efficacy, and prognosis in this population.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Spatz ES, Curry LA, Masoudi FA .
The variation in recovery: role of gender on outcomes of young AMI Patients (VIRGO) classification system: a taxonomy for young women with acute myocardial infarction.
Circulation 2015 Nov 3;132(18):1710-8. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.016502.
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Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Heart Disease and Health, Sex Factors
Waljee JF, Chang KW, Kim HM
Gender disparities in academic practice.
The authors sought to examine differences in faculty position and professional satisfaction among academic physicians by gender. They found that men more often held tenure track positions compared with women and women reported lower levels of professional satisfaction in academic practice compared with men.
AHRQ-funded; HS023313.
Citation: Waljee JF, Chang KW, Kim HM .
Gender disparities in academic practice.
Plast Reconstr Surg 2015 Sep;136(3):380e-87e. doi: 10.1097/prs.0000000000001530..
Keywords: Disparities, Provider, Provider Performance, Sex Factors
Bhave PD, Lu X, Girotra S
Race- and sex-related differences in care for patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation.
The researchers sought to determine whether significant race and sex differences exist in the treatment of newly diagnosed AF in Medicare beneficiaries. They found that there were statistically significant differences in the use of AF-related services by both race and sex, with white patients and male patients receiving the most care.
AHRQ-funded; HS021992.
Citation: Bhave PD, Lu X, Girotra S .
Race- and sex-related differences in care for patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation.
Heart Rhythm 2015 Jul;12(7):1406-12. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.031..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Disparities
Petrov ME, Goodin BR, Cruz-Almeida Y
Disrupted sleep is associated with altered pain processing by sex and ethnicity in knee osteoarthritis.
This study examines the association between sleep disruption with increased pain sensitivity and enhanced pain facilitation in addition to reduced pain inhibition in persons with chronic pain such as knee OA. It found that disrupted sleep was associated with altered pain processing by sex and ethnicity/race.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Petrov ME, Goodin BR, Cruz-Almeida Y .
Disrupted sleep is associated with altered pain processing by sex and ethnicity in knee osteoarthritis.
J Pain 2015 May;16(5):478-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.02.004..
Keywords: Pain, Sleep Problems, Arthritis, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors
D'Onofrio G, Safdar B, Lichtman JH
Sex differences in reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: results from the VIRGO study.
Sex disparities in reperfusion therapy for patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction have been documented. The authors tested these patterns in the comparison of young women with men.They found that young women with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction are less likely to receive reperfusion therapy and more likely to have reperfusion delays than similarly aged men.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: D'Onofrio G, Safdar B, Lichtman JH .
Sex differences in reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: results from the VIRGO study.
Circulation 2015 Apr 14;131(15):1324-32. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.012293.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Disparities, Heart Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Sex Factors
Govindarajan P, Friedman BT, Delgadillo JQ
Race and sex disparities in prehospital recognition of acute stroke.
The investigators examined prehospital provider recognition of stroke by race and sex. They found that correct prehospital recognition of stroke was lower among Hispanic patients, Asians, and others, when compared with non-Hispanic whites, and also in women compared with men. They concluded that significant disparities exist in prehospital stroke recognition.
AHRQ-funded; HS017965.
Citation: Govindarajan P, Friedman BT, Delgadillo JQ .
Race and sex disparities in prehospital recognition of acute stroke.
Acad Emerg Med 2015 Mar;22(3):264-72. doi: 10.1111/acem.12595.
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Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Stroke
Dakwar E, Levin FR, Olfson M
First treatment contact for ADHD: predictors of and gender differences in treatment seeking.
The investigators aimed to estimate ADHD treatment-seeking probabilities over the lifetime and to identify predictors of treatment seeking for ADHD separately for males and females. They found that a large proportion of persons with ADHD do not seek treatment, and that treatment seeking by males was affected by a greater number of identifiable characteristics, suggesting that males might be more responsive to efforts directed toward expediting treatment entry.
AHRQ-funded; HS016097.
Citation: Dakwar E, Levin FR, Olfson M .
First treatment contact for ADHD: predictors of and gender differences in treatment seeking.
Psychiatr Serv 2014 Dec;65(12):1465-73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201300298.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Sex Factors, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Duffy RP, Adams JE, Callas PW
The influence of gender on functional outcomes of lower extremity bypass.
The researchers aimed to evaluate the effect of gender on early and late procedural and functional outcomes of lower extremity bypass (LEB). They found that women have complication rates similar to men with inferior early and late functional outcomes after LEB. The reduced patency rates in women with critical limb ischemia did not translate into differences in limb salvage.
AHRQ-funded; HS021581.
Citation: Duffy RP, Adams JE, Callas PW .
The influence of gender on functional outcomes of lower extremity bypass.
J Vasc Surg 2014 Nov;60(5):1282-90, 90.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.05.008.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Outcomes, Sex Factors, Surgery
Strom Williams JL, Lynch CP, Winchester R
Gender differences in composite control of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes.
This study examined the gender differences in multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor control in adults with type 2 diabetes seen in diverse clinical settings. It found that women had significantly poorer composite control of CVD risk outcomes compared with men, adjusting for relevant confounding factors. In unadjusted analyses, women had higher mean systolic blood pressure and LDL cholesterol levels compared with men.
AHRQ-funded; HS011418.
Citation: Strom Williams JL, Lynch CP, Winchester R .
Gender differences in composite control of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Technol Ther 2014 Jul;16(7):421-7. doi: 10.1089/dia.2013.0329..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Diabetes, Outcomes, Sex Factors
Boehme AK, Siegler JE, Mullen MT
Racial and gender differences in stroke severity, outcomes, and treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
This study sought to determine the association of race and gender on initial stroke severity, thrombolysis, and functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The investigators concluded that race and gender were not significantly associated with short-term outcome, although black women were significantly less likely to be treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Black women had more tPA exclusions than any other group. The primary reason for tPA exclusion in this study was not arriving within 3 hours of stroke symptom onset.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Boehme AK, Siegler JE, Mullen MT .
Racial and gender differences in stroke severity, outcomes, and treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014 Apr;23(4):e255-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.11.003..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Outcomes, Sex Factors, Stroke