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Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Adverse Events (3)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Arthritis (3)
- Asthma (1)
- Back Health and Pain (1)
- Blood Pressure (2)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (2)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Chronic Conditions (2)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (14)
- Decision Making (1)
- Diabetes (5)
- Elderly (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (3)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
- Hepatitis (1)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (1)
- Labor and Delivery (2)
- Maternal Care (1)
- (-) Medication (25)
- Newborns/Infants (1)
- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
- Opioids (3)
- (-) Outcomes (25)
- Pain (6)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (6)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Pregnancy (2)
- Prevention (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Risk (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Surgery (4)
- Treatments (2)
- Women (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 25 Research Studies DisplayedWessell A, Kole MJ, Badjatia N
High compliance with scheduled nimodipine is associated with better outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients cotreated with heparin infusion.
The researchers sought to determine whether compliance with scheduled nimodipine in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients impacted patient outcomes, with the intent of guiding future nimodipine management in patients who experience nimodipine-induced hypotension. They found that in those patients with modified Fisher scores 2 through 4 who are cotreated with a low-dose heparin infusion, full compliance with nimodipine dosing was associated with increased odds of discharge to home.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560.
Citation: Wessell A, Kole MJ, Badjatia N .
High compliance with scheduled nimodipine is associated with better outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients cotreated with heparin infusion.
Front Neurol 2017 Jun 9;8:268. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00268.
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Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication, Cardiovascular Conditions, Outcomes
Sjaarda LA, Radin RG, Silver RM
AHRQ Author: Mitchell E
Preconception low-dose aspirin restores diminished pregnancy and live birth rates in women with low grade inflammation: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial.
This study investigated the effect of preconception-initiated low dose aspirin (LDA) on pregnancy rate, pregnancy loss, live birth rate, and inflammation during pregnancy. It concluded that in women attempting conception with elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and prior pregnancy loss, LDA may increase clinical pregnancy and live birth rates to those of women without inflammation and reduce hsCRP elevation during pregnancy.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Sjaarda LA, Radin RG, Silver RM .
Preconception low-dose aspirin restores diminished pregnancy and live birth rates in women with low grade inflammation: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 May;102(5):1495-504. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-2917.
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Keywords: Pregnancy, Medication, Outcomes, Labor and Delivery
Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J
Systemic pharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline.
The authors reviewed the current evidence on systemic pharmacologic therapies for acute or chronic nonradicular or radicular low back pain. They found that several systemic medications for low back pain are associated with small to moderate, primarily short-term effects on pain. New evidence suggests that acetaminophen is ineffective for acute low back pain, and duloxetine is associated with modest effects for chronic low back pain.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200014I.
Citation: Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J .
Systemic pharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline.
Ann Intern Med 2017 Apr 4;166(7):480-92. doi: 10.7326/m16-2458.
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Keywords: Back Health and Pain, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice
Obremskey WT, Schmidt AH, O'Toole RV
A prospective randomized trial to assess oral versus intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative wound infection after extremity fractures (POvIV study).
The POvIV study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial to compare oral (PO) with intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy in patients with postoperative wound infections after extremity fractures. This study will be the largest prospective randomized trial to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of PO antibiotic use for treatment of postoperative wound infections. Results will inform clinician decisions on antibiotic delivery in patients with postoperative wound infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Obremskey WT, Schmidt AH, O'Toole RV .
A prospective randomized trial to assess oral versus intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative wound infection after extremity fractures (POvIV study).
J Orthop Trauma 2017 Apr;31 Suppl 1:S32-s38. doi: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000802.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Surgery, Injuries and Wounds, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Patient Safety, Adverse Events, Prevention, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes
Wang RC, Smith-Bindman R, Whitaker E
Effect of tamsulosin on stone passage for ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The researchers performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of tamsulosin on stone passage in patients receiving a diagnosis of ureteral stone. They concluded that tamsulosin significantly improves stone passage in patients with larger stones, whereas the effect of tamsulosin is diminished in those with smaller stones, who are likely to pass their stone regardless of treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS021281.
Citation: Wang RC, Smith-Bindman R, Whitaker E .
Effect of tamsulosin on stone passage for ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ann Emerg Med 2017 Mar;69(3):353-61.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.06.044.
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Keywords: Medication, Outcomes, Treatments
Agwu AL, Fleishman JA, Mahiane G
AHRQ Author: Fleishman JA
Comparing longitudinal CD4 responses to cART among non-perinatally HIV-infected youth versus adults: results from the HIVRN Cohort.
This study compared combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). outcomes over time following cART initiation between ART-naive non-perinatally HIV-infected (nPHIV) youth (13-24 years-old) and adults (>/=25-44 years-old). It found that despite having residual thymic tissue, youth attain similar, not superior, CD4 (T-lymphocyte cells) gains as adults.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Agwu AL, Fleishman JA, Mahiane G .
Comparing longitudinal CD4 responses to cART among non-perinatally HIV-infected youth versus adults: results from the HIVRN Cohort.
PLoS One 2017 Feb 9;12(2):e0171125. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171125.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Outcomes, Medication
Darger B, Gonzales N, Banuelos RC
Outcomes of patients requiring blood pressure control before thrombolysis with tPA for acute ischemic stroke.
The purpose of this study was to assess safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in the setting of aggressive blood pressure (BP) control as it compares to standard BP control or no BP control prior to thrombolysis. The researchers observed no association between BP control and adverse outcomes in ischemic stroke patients undergoing thrombolysis.
AHRQ-funded; HS017586.
Citation: Darger B, Gonzales N, Banuelos RC .
Outcomes of patients requiring blood pressure control before thrombolysis with tPA for acute ischemic stroke.
West J Emerg Med 2015 Dec;16(7):1002-6. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2015.8.27859.
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Keywords: Blood Pressure, Stroke, Medication, Outcomes
Bangalore S, Ogedegbe G, Gyamfi J
Outcomes with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors vs other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks.
The study’s objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors when compared with other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks. It found that in a large cohort of hypertensive blacks, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with less benefit when compared with calcium channel blockers or thiazide diuretics.
AHRQ-funded; HS018589.
Citation: Bangalore S, Ogedegbe G, Gyamfi J .
Outcomes with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors vs other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks.
Am J Med 2015 Nov;128(11):1195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.04.034..
Keywords: Blood Pressure, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medication, Outcomes, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness
Bannuru RR, McAlindon TE, Sullivan MC
Effectiveness and implications of alternative placebo treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of osteoarthritis trials.
The researchers evaluated the effects of alternative placebo types on pain outcomes in knee osteoarthritis. Their review concluded that all placebos are not equal, and some can trigger clinically relevant responses. Differential placebo effects can substantially alter estimates of the relative efficacies of active treatments.
AHRQ-funded; HS021396.
Citation: Bannuru RR, McAlindon TE, Sullivan MC .
Effectiveness and implications of alternative placebo treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of osteoarthritis trials.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Sep 1;163(5):365-72. doi: 10.7326/m15-0623..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Arthritis, Medication, Pain, Outcomes
Bannuru RR, McAlindon TE, Sullivan MC
Effectiveness and implications of alternative placebo treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of osteoarthritis trials.
The researchers evaluated the effects of alternative placebo types on pain outcomes in knee osteoarthritis. Their review concluded that all placebos are not equal, and some can trigger clinically relevant responses. Differential placebo effects can substantially alter estimates of the relative efficacies of active treatments.
AHRQ-funded; HS021396.
Citation: Bannuru RR, McAlindon TE, Sullivan MC .
Effectiveness and implications of alternative placebo treatments: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of osteoarthritis trials.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Sep 1;163(5):365-72. doi: 10.7326/m15-0623..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Arthritis, Medication, Pain, Outcomes
Pho MT, Jensen DM, Meltzer DO
Clinical impact of treatment timing for chronic hepatitis C infection: a decision model.
The researchers developed a decision model to quantify the trade-offs between immediate, interferon-containing therapy and delayed, interferon-free therapy for patients with chronic, genotype 1 HCV infection. They found that compared to one-time immediate treatment with the interferon-containing regimen, delayed treatment with the interferon-free regimen in 1 year resulted in longer life expectancy.
AHRQ-funded; HS022433.
Citation: Pho MT, Jensen DM, Meltzer DO .
Clinical impact of treatment timing for chronic hepatitis C infection: a decision model.
J Viral Hepat 2015 Aug;22(8):630-8. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12412..
Keywords: Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Decision Making, Hepatitis, Medication, Outcomes
Jules-Elysee KM, Goon AK, Westrich GH
Patient-controlled epidural analgesia or multimodal pain regimen with periarticular injection after total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the use of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with use of a multimodal pain regimen including periarticular injection (PAI). It found that PAI did not decrease the time to discharge and was associated with higher pain scores and greater opioid consumption but lower ORSDS scores compared with PCEA.
AHRQ-funded; HS021734.
Citation: Jules-Elysee KM, Goon AK, Westrich GH .
Patient-controlled epidural analgesia or multimodal pain regimen with periarticular injection after total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015 May 20;97(10):789-98. doi: 10.2106/jbjs.n.00698..
Keywords: Medication, Opioids, Outcomes, Pain, Surgery
Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, Sturmer T
Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women receiving glyburide compared with insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a US population-based cohort. It found an association between glyburide (compared with insulin) and elevated risk of NICU admission, neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, birth injury, and large for gestational age in women with GDM.
AHRQ-funded; HS017950.
Citation: Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, Sturmer T .
Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 May;169(5):452-8. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.74..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness, Diabetes, Labor and Delivery, Maternal Care, Medication, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Pregnancy, Women
Romanelli RJ, Chung S, Pu J
Comparative effectiveness of early versus delayed metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the effectiveness of early versus delayed initiation of metformin monotherapy on glycemic control (measured by change in HbA1c) and weight modification (change in body mass index [BMI]). It found that treatment with metformin earlier in the course of type 2 diabetes is associated with better glycemic control, more pronounced weight reduction, and a lower risk for therapy intensification than delayed treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS019815.
Citation: Romanelli RJ, Chung S, Pu J .
Comparative effectiveness of early versus delayed metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015 Apr;108(1):170-8. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.12.019..
Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness, Obesity: Weight Management, Outcomes
Prentice JC, Conlin PR, Gellad WF
Long-term outcomes of analogue insulin compared with NPH for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The researchers compared the effects of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) and long-acting insulin analogues on long-term outcomes. They found no consistent difference in long-term health outcomes when comparing use of long-acting insulin analogues and NPH insulin. The higher cost of analogue insulin without demonstrable clinical benefit raises questions of its cost effectiveness in the treatment of patients with diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019708.
Citation: Prentice JC, Conlin PR, Gellad WF .
Long-term outcomes of analogue insulin compared with NPH for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Am J Manag Care 2015 Mar;21(3):e235-43..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Diabetes, Healthcare Costs, Medication, Outcomes
Hakkarainen TW, Steele SR, Bastaworous A
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk for anastomotic failure: a report from Washington State's Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program (SCOAP).
This study evaluated the association between the administration of postoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anastomotic complication rates using a large cohort of patients in a statewide collaborative study. It found that postoperative NSAIDs were associated with a significantly increased risk for anastomotic complications among patients undergoing nonelective colorectal resection.
AHRQ-funded; HS020025
Citation: Hakkarainen TW, Steele SR, Bastaworous A .
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk for anastomotic failure: a report from Washington State's Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program (SCOAP).
JAMA Surg. 2015 Mar;150(3):223-8. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.2239..
Keywords: Medication, Surgery, Outcomes, Adverse Events
Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB
The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.
This systematic review evaluated evidence on the effectiveness and harms of long-term (more than 3 months) opiod therapy for chronic pain in adults. It concluded that evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of this therapy for improving chronic pain and function.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200014I
Citation: Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB .
The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.
Ann Intern Med. 2015 Feb 17;162(4):276-86. doi: 10.7326/M14-2559..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Opioids, Outcomes, Pain, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Bannuru RR, Schmid CH, Kent DM
Comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic interventions for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
To determine the relative efficacy of the primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatments, the researchers performed a comprehensive review of the literature, using a network meta-analysis design. Their comparison of seven different medications found that intra-articular (IA) treatments (IA corticosteroids, IA hyaluronic acid) were superior to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AHRQ-funded; HS021396; HS018574
Citation: Bannuru RR, Schmid CH, Kent DM .
Comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic interventions for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jan 6;162(1):46-54. doi: 10.7326/M14-1231..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Arthritis, Outcomes, Pain
Chang SH, Luo S, O'Brian KK
Association between metformin use and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma in US veterans with diabetes mellitus: a population-based retrospective cohort study.
The authors assessed the association between metformin use and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma. They found that metformin use was associated with a reduced risk of progression to multiple myeloma.
AHRQ-funded; HS022330.
Citation: Chang SH, Luo S, O'Brian KK .
Association between metformin use and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma in US veterans with diabetes mellitus: a population-based retrospective cohort study.
Lancet Haematol 2015 Jan;2(1):e30-6. doi: 10.1016/s2352-3026(14)00037-4.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Outcomes, Risk
Lo-Ciganic WH, Perera S, Gray SL
Statin use and decline in gait speed in community-dwelling older adults.
The objective of this study was to examine the association between statin use and risk of decline in gait speed of 0.1 m/s or more in community-dwelling older adults. The results suggest no greater decline in gait speed with statin use than with nonuse in community-dwelling older adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS017695; HS018721.
Citation: Lo-Ciganic WH, Perera S, Gray SL .
Statin use and decline in gait speed in community-dwelling older adults.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Jan;63(1):124-9. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13134..
Keywords: Elderly, Medication, Outcomes
Prentice JC, Conlin PR, Gellad WF
Capitalizing on prescribing pattern variation to compare medications for type 2 diabetes.
This study used observational quasi-experimental methods using instrumental variables (IVs) to compare the effect of two hypoglycemic medications, sulfonylureas (SUs) and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), on long-term outcomes. It found that individuals who used an SU as a second-line agent experienced significantly more adverse long-term health outcomes than did individuals who started on a TZD.
AHRQ-funded; HS019708.
Citation: Prentice JC, Conlin PR, Gellad WF .
Capitalizing on prescribing pattern variation to compare medications for type 2 diabetes.
Value Health 2014 Dec;17(8):854-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2674..
Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Outcomes, Comparative Effectiveness
Dulai PS, Siegel CA, Colombel JF
Systematic review: monotherapy with antitumour necrosis factor alpha agents versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive for IBD.
The authors discussed the efficacy and the risks of anti-TNF monotherapy versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive in patients with IBD. They concluded that the addition of an immunosuppressive to anti-TNF therapy improves treatment efficacy for infliximab in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Further, the use of combination therapy appears to add no significant incremental risk for serious infections above that seen with anti-TNF or immunosuppressive monotherapy in most patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747.
Citation: Dulai PS, Siegel CA, Colombel JF .
Systematic review: monotherapy with antitumour necrosis factor alpha agents versus combination therapy with an immunosuppressive for IBD.
Gut 2014 Dec;63(12):1843-53. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307126.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Medication, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Treatments
Bressler B, Siegel CA
Beware of the swinging pendulum: anti-tumor necrosis factor monotherapy vs combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
An editorial commenting on a study in the same issue by Osterman, et al. in the context of related studies concludes that it is more reasonable to consider slightly modifying the approach to anti-tumor necrosis factor combination therapy as opposed to a full pendulum swing back to monotherapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747
Citation: Bressler B, Siegel CA .
Beware of the swinging pendulum: anti-tumor necrosis factor monotherapy vs combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Gastroenterolog.y 2014 Apr;146(4):884-7. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.018..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication, Chronic Conditions
Li L, Vollmer WM, Butler MG
A comparison of confounding adjustment methods for assessment of asthma controller medication effectiveness.
Using three confounding adjustment procedures—covariate-adjusted regression, propensity score regression, and high-dimemsional propensity score regression—on a population of 24,680 children with asthma, researchers found that patients treated with leukotriene antagonists were no more likely than those treated with inhaled corticosteroids to experience adverse outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019669
Citation: Li L, Vollmer WM, Butler MG .
A comparison of confounding adjustment methods for assessment of asthma controller medication effectiveness.
Am J Epidemiol. 2014 Mar 1;179(5):648-59. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt323..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes, Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Medication
Kim DH, Lin Y, Goytizolo EA
Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
In a study of pain relief for patients recovering from a total knee arthroplasty, researchers found that adductor canal block (ACB) results in less motor impairment for quadriceps muscles after surgery than femoral nerve block (FNB) and it provides a comparable level of pain relief. The prospective, randomized, controlled study included 46 patients receiving ACB and 47 receiving FNB.
AHRQ-funded; HS021734
Citation: Kim DH, Lin Y, Goytizolo EA .
Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
Anesthesiology. 2014 Mar;120(3):540-50. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000119..
Keywords: Medication, Opioids, Outcomes, Pain, Surgery