National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- (-) Antibiotics (5)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Community-Acquired Infections (2)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Guidelines (1)
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- (-) Pneumonia (5)
- Practice Patterns (1)
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- Sepsis (1)
- Sickle Cell Disease (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 5 of 5 Research Studies DisplayedObodozie-Ofoegbu OO, Teng C, Mortensen EM
Antipseudomonal monotherapy or combination therapy for older adults with community-onset pneumonia and multidrug-resistant risk factors: a retrospective cohort study.
Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines recommend empiric antipseudomonal combination therapy when Pseudomonas is suspected. However, combination antipseudomonal therapy is controversial. This population-based retrospective cohort study compared all-cause 30-day mortality in older patients who received antipseudomonal monotherapy (PMT) or antipseudomonal combination therapy (PCT) for the treatment of community-onset pneumonia. The investigators found that older adults who received combination antipseudomonal therapy for community-onset pneumonia fared worse than those who received monotherapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Obodozie-Ofoegbu OO, Teng C, Mortensen EM .
Antipseudomonal monotherapy or combination therapy for older adults with community-onset pneumonia and multidrug-resistant risk factors: a retrospective cohort study.
Am J Infect Control 2019 Sep;47(9):1053-58. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.018..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Community-Acquired Infections, Elderly, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Pneumonia, Risk
Trent SA, Havranek EP, Ginde AA
Effect of audit and feedback on physician adherence to clinical practice guidelines for pneumonia and sepsis.
This study examined the effect of feedback with blinded peer comparison on emergency physician adherence to guidelines for appropriate antibiotic administration for inpatient pneumonia and completion of the 3-hour Surviving Sepsis Bundle for patients with severe sepsis. A quasi-experiment was conducted with attending physicians randomized into 6 clusters at a single urban safety net hospital. Feedback with blinded peer comparison significantly improved guideline adherence from 52% to 65% with feedback.
AHRQ-funded; HS022400.
Citation: Trent SA, Havranek EP, Ginde AA .
Effect of audit and feedback on physician adherence to clinical practice guidelines for pneumonia and sepsis.
Am J Med Qual 2019 May/Jun;34(3):217-25. doi: 10.1177/1062860618796947..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Emergency Department, Guidelines, Infectious Diseases, Inpatient Care, Medication, Pneumonia, Provider, Provider: Physician, Sepsis
Frush JM, Zhu Y, Edwards KM
Prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and use of antistaphylococcal therapy in children hospitalized with pneumonia.
In a studied group of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, staphylococcal pneumonia was rare but associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes. Despite this low prevalence, use of antistaphylococcal antibiotics was common. The authors recommended efforts to minimize overuse of antistaphylococcal antibiotics while also ensuring adequate treatment for pathogen-specific diseases.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Frush JM, Zhu Y, Edwards KM .
Prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and use of antistaphylococcal therapy in children hospitalized with pneumonia.
J Hosp Med 2018 Dec;13(12):848-52. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3093..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Antibiotics, Medication
Reeves SL, Tribble AC, Madden B
Antibiotic prophylaxis for children with sickle cell anemia.
This study calculated the proportion of children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) who received at least 300 days of antibiotic prophylaxis against invasive pneumococcal disease and identified predictors of receipt. Children with SCA between 3 months and 5 years old were identified by the presence of three or more Medicaid claims with a diagnosis of SCA within a calendar year in six states. Receipt of antibiotics was identified through claims for filled prescriptions. The authors conclude that antibiotic prophylaxis rates are low among children with SCA; more healthcare encounters may offer opportunities for increased intervention. Potential predictors were identified as age, sex, year, state, and health services usage.
AHRQ-funded; HS020516.
Citation: Reeves SL, Tribble AC, Madden B .
Antibiotic prophylaxis for children with sickle cell anemia.
Pediatrics 2018 Mar;141(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-2182..
Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease, Children/Adolescents, Antibiotics, Prevention, Pneumonia, Medication
Linder JA
Sore throat: avoid overcomplicating the uncomplicated.
In this editorial, the author described issues involving sore throat diagnosis and delineated various points concerning an article within the same journal issue, concluding that physicians should remember that the prevalence of group A streptococcus in adults with a sore throat is approximately 10%; and that they should use the Centor scoring criteria; selectively use rapid antigen-detection testing; limit antibiotic treatment to patients most likely to have group A streptococcus; and most of the time when prescribing antibiotics, use penicillin.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Linder JA .
Sore throat: avoid overcomplicating the uncomplicated.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Feb 17;162(4):311-2. doi: 10.7326/m14-2899.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Practice Patterns