National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
26 to 50 of 62 Research Studies DisplayedLikosky DS, Wallace AS, Prager RL
Sources of variation in hospital-level infection rates after coronary artery bypass grafting: an analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Heart Surgery Database.
This descriptive study characterized the hospital-level variability in healthcare-acquired infection (HAI) rates across hospitals participating in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. It found substantial hospital-level variation exists in postoperative HAIs among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, driven predominantly by pneumonia.
AHRQ-funded; HS022535; HS022909.
Citation: Likosky DS, Wallace AS, Prager RL .
Sources of variation in hospital-level infection rates after coronary artery bypass grafting: an analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Heart Surgery Database.
Ann Thorac Surg 2015 Nov;100(5):1570-5; discussion 75-6. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.05.015.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Surgery, Adverse Events, Injuries and Wounds, Registries
Hoopes MJ, Dankovchik J, Weiser T
Uncovering a missing demographic in trauma registries: epidemiology of trauma among American Indians and Alaska Natives in Washington state.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate racial misclassification in a statewide trauma registry and to describe the epidemiology of trauma among the Washington American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) population. Linkage to a state trauma registry improved data quality by correcting racial misclassification, allowing for a comprehensive description of injury patterns for the AI/AN population. Compared to Caucasians, AI/AN sustained more severe injuries with similar postinjury outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019972.
Citation: Hoopes MJ, Dankovchik J, Weiser T .
Uncovering a missing demographic in trauma registries: epidemiology of trauma among American Indians and Alaska Natives in Washington state.
Inj Prev 2015 Oct;21(5):335-43. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2014-041419.
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Keywords: Trauma, Registries, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Health Status, Injuries and Wounds
Marsolo K, Margolis PA, Forrest CB
A digital architecture for a network-based learning health system: integrating chronic care management, quality improvement, and research.
The authors collaborated with the ImproveCareNow Network to create a proof-of-concept architecture for a network-based Learning Health System. This collaboration involved transitioning an existing registry to one that is linked to the electronic health record (EHR), enabling a “data in once” strategy. This required automating a series of reports that support care improvement while also demonstrating the use of observational registry data for comparative effectiveness research.
AHRQ-funded; HS020024; HS022974.
Citation: Marsolo K, Margolis PA, Forrest CB .
A digital architecture for a network-based learning health system: integrating chronic care management, quality improvement, and research.
eGEMS 2015 Aug 17;3(1):1168. doi: 10.13063/2327-9214.1168..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Registries, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Comparative Effectiveness, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Kaplan RM, Irvin VL
AHRQ Author: Kaplan RM
Likelihood of null effects of large NHLBI clinical trials has increased over time.
This study explores whether the number of null results in large National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) funded trials has increased over time. It found that the number NHLBI trials reporting positive results declined after the year 2000. Prospective declaration of outcomes in RCTs, and the adoption of transparent reporting standards, as required by clinicaltrials.gov, may have contributed to the trend toward null findings.
AHRQ-authored
Citation: Kaplan RM, Irvin VL .
Likelihood of null effects of large NHLBI clinical trials has increased over time.
PLoS One 2015 Aug 5;10(8):e0132382. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132382..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Registries
Zingmond DS, Parikh P, Louie R
Improving hospital reporting of patient race and ethnicity--approaches to data auditing.
This study investigated new metrics to improve the reporting of patient race and ethnicity (R/E) by hospitals. It examined agreement between hospital reported R/E versus self-report among mothers delivering babies and a cancer cohort in California. It concluded that comparison between reported R/E and R/E estimates using zip code level data may be a reasonable first approach to evaluate and track hospital R/E reporting.
AHRQ-funded; HS019963.
Citation: Zingmond DS, Parikh P, Louie R .
Improving hospital reporting of patient race and ethnicity--approaches to data auditing.
Health Serv Res 2015 Aug;50 Suppl 1:1372-89. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12324..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Hospitals, Hospital Discharge, Health Services Research (HSR), Registries, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Data
Naessens JM, Visscher SL, Peterson SM
Incorporating the last four digits of social security numbers substantially improves linking patient data from de-identified hospital claims databases.
The study objective was to assess algorithms for linking patients across de-identified databases without compromising confidentiality. It found that addition of SSNL4 to administrative data, accompanied by appropriate data use and data release policies, can enable trusted repositories to link data with nearly perfect accuracy.
AHRQ-funded; HS020043.
Citation: Naessens JM, Visscher SL, Peterson SM .
Incorporating the last four digits of social security numbers substantially improves linking patient data from de-identified hospital claims databases.
Health Serv Res 2015 Aug;50 Suppl 1:1339-50. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12323..
Keywords: Data, Registries, Hospital Discharge, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Bigback KM, Hoopes M, Dankovchik J
Using record linkage to improve race data quality for American Indians and Alaska Natives in two Pacific Northwest State Hospital Discharge Databases.
This study aimed to evaluate and adjust for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) racial misclassification in two hospital discharge datasets in the Pacific Northwest. It found that in Oregon, 55.4 percent of matching records were misclassified (66.5 percent miscoded white, and 22.1 percent were missing race information). Linkage increased ascertainment of AI/AN hospitalizations by 31.8 percent in Oregon and 33.9 percent in Washington.
AHRQ-funded; HS019972.
Citation: Bigback KM, Hoopes M, Dankovchik J .
Using record linkage to improve race data quality for American Indians and Alaska Natives in two Pacific Northwest State Hospital Discharge Databases.
Health Serv Res 2015 Aug;50 Suppl 1:1390-402. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12331..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Quality Improvement, Registries, Hospital Discharge, Data
Qian F, Hannan EL, Pine M
Can adding laboratory values improve risk-adjustment mortality models using clinical percutaneous cardiac intervention registry data?
The authors predicted in-hospital/30-day mortality with and without appended laboratory data using New York's percutaneous coronary intervention registry data from 2008-2010. They found that adding laboratory data did not significantly improve the risk-adjustment mortality models' performance and did not dramatically change the quality assessment of hospitals.
AHRQ-funded; HS019965.
Citation: Qian F, Hannan EL, Pine M .
Can adding laboratory values improve risk-adjustment mortality models using clinical percutaneous cardiac intervention registry data?
J Invasive Cardiol 2015 Jul;27(7):E117-24.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Mortality, Registries, Risk
Bangalore S, Guo Y, Samadashvili Z
Everolimus eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery for patients with diabetes mellitus and multivessel disease.
The researchers used data from the New York State registries to assess the comparative effectiveness of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) when compared with percutaneous intervention (PCI) using everolimus eluting stents (EES) on short- and long-term cardiovascular outcomes. They found that PCI using EES, the latest generation stents, was associated with lower early risk of death and stroke when compared with CABG surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS023683.
Citation: Bangalore S, Guo Y, Samadashvili Z .
Everolimus eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery for patients with diabetes mellitus and multivessel disease.
Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2015 Jul;8(7):e002626. doi: 10.1161/circinterventions.115.002626..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Heart Disease and Health, Registries, Surgery
Patel MB, Wilson LD, Bregman JA
Neurologic functional and quality of life outcomes after TBI: clinic attendees versus non-attendees.
This study describes the relationship between TBI patient demographics, quality of life outcome, and functional status outcome among clinic attendees and non-attendees. All participants were telephone surveyed using the Extended-Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE), the Quality of Life after Brain Injury (QOLIBRI) scale, and a post-discharge therapy questionnaire. Risk factors for GOSE and QOLIBRI outcomes included age, injury characteristics, clinic attendance, insurance status, post-discharge rehabilitation, and time from injury.
AHRQ-funded; HS013833.
Citation: Patel MB, Wilson LD, Bregman JA .
Neurologic functional and quality of life outcomes after TBI: clinic attendees versus non-attendees.
J Neurotrauma 2015 Jul 1;32(13):984-9. doi: 10.1089/neu.2014.3652..
Keywords: Brain Injury, Registries, Outcomes
Kavanaugh A, Lee SJ, Curtis JR
Discontinuation of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in low-disease activity: persistent benefits. Data from the Corrona registry.
There is increasing interest in discontinuing biological therapies for patients with rheumatoid arthritis achieving good clinical responses, provided patients maintain clinical benefit. Using data from the Corrona registry, the investigators found that discontinuation of a first course of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor may be associated with persistent clinical benefit. Half of the registry patients included in the study maintained response through 20 months.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: Kavanaugh A, Lee SJ, Curtis JR .
Discontinuation of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in low-disease activity: persistent benefits. Data from the Corrona registry.
Ann Rheum Dis 2015 Jun;74(6):1150-5. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206435.
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Keywords: Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Registries, Arthritis
Ayvaz S, Horn J, Hassanzadeh O
Toward a complete dataset of drug-drug interaction information from publicly available sources.
The researchers combined all the publicly available sources of potential drug-drug interaction information using a common data model after conducting a comprehensive and broad search. They examined the overlap between and across the data sources. Their analysis determined that there was little overlap and that there is heterogeneity between the information provided by each source.
AHRQ-funded; HS019461.
Citation: Ayvaz S, Horn J, Hassanzadeh O .
Toward a complete dataset of drug-drug interaction information from publicly available sources.
J Biomed Inform 2015 Jun;55:206-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2015.04.006..
Keywords: Medication, Patient Safety, Registries, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Krell RW, Regenbogen SE, Wong SL
Variation in hospital treatment patterns for metastatic colorectal cancer.
This study used national clinical registry data to assess treatment patterns for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). The goal was to determine the degree to which different treatment modalities such as metastatic site surgery or multiagent chemotherapy can characterize a hospital’s overall “aggressiveness” in treatment. It found that hospitals with high volumes of service consistently using more metastatic site resection and multiagent chemotherapy than hospitals with low volumes of service.
AHRQ-funded; HS020937.
Citation: Krell RW, Regenbogen SE, Wong SL .
Variation in hospital treatment patterns for metastatic colorectal cancer.
Cancer 2015 Jun 1;121(11):1755-61. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29253..
Keywords: Treatments, Registries, Hospitals, Patient Safety
Roch AM, Mehrabi S, Krishnan A
Automated pancreatic cyst screening using natural language processing: a new tool in the early detection of pancreatic cancer.
The purpose of this study was to implement an automated Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based pancreatic cyst identification system. It found that NLP is an effective tool to automatically identify patients with pancreatic cysts based on electronic medical records (EMR). This highly accurate system can help capture patients ‘at-risk’ of pancreatic cancer in a registry.
AHRQ-funded; HS019818.
Citation: Roch AM, Mehrabi S, Krishnan A .
Automated pancreatic cyst screening using natural language processing: a new tool in the early detection of pancreatic cancer.
HPB 2015 May;17(5):447-53. doi: 10.1111/hpb.12375..
Keywords: Cancer, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Registries, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Holmqvist F, Simon D, Steinberg BA
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in U.S. community practice--results from Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF).
The objective of the study was to describe the utilization of catheter ablation in a contemporary U.S. clinical practice and describe the characteristics and subsequent outcomes in patients undergoing AF ablation in community practice. It found that there were no clinically relevant differences in oral anticoagulation post-AF ablation or differences in outcomes in patients with or without previous AF catheter ablation.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Holmqvist F, Simon D, Steinberg BA .
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in U.S. community practice--results from Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF).
J Am Heart Assoc 2015 May;4(5):e001901. doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.001901..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice
Ayers DC, Fehring TK, Odum SM
Using joint registry data from FORCE-TJR to improve the accuracy of risk-adjustment prediction models for thirty-day readmission after total hip replacement and total knee replacement.
The authors argue that registry data offer the opportunity to combine clinical information currently available in registries (such as the Function and Outcomes Research for Comparative Effectiveness in Total Joint Replacement [FORCE-TJR] registry based at the University of Massachusetts Medical School) with the administrative data currently used by CMS. Doing so will improve the risk adjustment for patients having total joint replacement by making the data more accurate and more fair for hospitals and surgeons.
AHRQ-funded; HS018910.
Citation: Ayers DC, Fehring TK, Odum SM .
Using joint registry data from FORCE-TJR to improve the accuracy of risk-adjustment prediction models for thirty-day readmission after total hip replacement and total knee replacement.
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015 Apr 15;97(8):668-71. doi: 10.2106/jbjs.n.00889..
Keywords: Registries, Surgery, Hospital Readmissions, Risk
Dotson JL, Crandall WV, Zhang P
Feasibility and validity of the pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index in routine clinical practice.
The specific objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) in routine clinical practice settings and the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between PUCAI and physician global assessment. Based on a population drawn from a large, diverse collection of pediatric gastroenterology practices, the study concluded that the PUCAI is feasible to use in routine clinical settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS020024.
Citation: Dotson JL, Crandall WV, Zhang P .
Feasibility and validity of the pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index in routine clinical practice.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015 Feb;60(2):200-4. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000568.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Registries, Children/Adolescents, Comparative Effectiveness
Kamal AH, Nipp RD, Bull JH
Quality of palliative care for patients with advanced cancer in a community consortium.
The authors formed the Carolinas Consortium for Palliative Care and collected a quality data registry to monitor their practice and to inform quality improvement efforts. They demonstrated that measures evaluating process assessment, as opposed to interventions, are better documented. They concluded that analyzing data on quality is feasible and valuable in community-based palliative care and that, overall, processes to collect data on quality using nontechnology methods may underestimate true adherence to quality measures.
AHRQ-funded; HS022763.
Citation: Kamal AH, Nipp RD, Bull JH .
Quality of palliative care for patients with advanced cancer in a community consortium.
J Pain Symptom Manage 2015 Feb;49(2):289-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.05.024.
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Keywords: Cancer, Healthcare Delivery, Quality of Care, Palliative Care, Registries
Hannan EL, Qian F, Pine M
The value of adding laboratory data to coronary artery bypass grafting registry data to improve models for risk-adjusting provider mortality rates.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of laboratory data to the clinical database for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) would identify laboratory variables that are significant independent predictors of short-term (in-hospital / 30-day) mortality. The researchers found that there was no significant difference in the discrimination of the registry model or the combined registry/laboratory model.
AHRQ-funded; HS019965.
Citation: Hannan EL, Qian F, Pine M .
The value of adding laboratory data to coronary artery bypass grafting registry data to improve models for risk-adjusting provider mortality rates.
Ann Thorac Surg 2015 Feb;99(2):495-501. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.08.043..
Keywords: Registries, Mortality, Risk, Surgery, Data
Stockwell MS, Catallozzi M, Camargo S
Registry-linked electronic influenza vaccine provider reminders: a cluster-crossover trial.
The objective of the study was to determine the impact on vaccine administration of EHR influenza vaccination reminders that are linked to a city immunization information system. It found that a noninterruptive, immunization information system–linked influenza vaccination reminder can increase vaccination late in the winter when fewer vaccine doses are usually administered. Tailoring the reminder to clinicians’ needs can increase its use.
AHRQ-funded; HS018158.
Citation: Stockwell MS, Catallozzi M, Camargo S .
Registry-linked electronic influenza vaccine provider reminders: a cluster-crossover trial.
Pediatrics 2015 Jan;135(1):e75-82. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-2616..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Influenza, Vaccination, Registries
Suckow BD, Kraiss LW, Schanzer A
Statin therapy after infrainguinal bypass surgery for critical limb ischemia is associated with improved 5-year survival.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of long-term statin use after lower extremity bypass grafting on patient-related and graft-related outcomes. It found that statin therapy is associated with a 5-year survival benefit after lower extremity bypass in patients with critical limb ischemia. However, 1-year limb-related outcomes were not influenced by statin use in our large observational cohort of patients undergoing revascularization in New England.
AHRQ-funded; HS021581.
Citation: Suckow BD, Kraiss LW, Schanzer A .
Statin therapy after infrainguinal bypass surgery for critical limb ischemia is associated with improved 5-year survival.
J Vasc Surg 2015 Jan;61(1):126-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.05.093..
Keywords: Outcomes, Surgery, Mortality, Registries
Franklin PD, Lewallen D, Bozic K
Implementation of patient-reported outcome measures in U.S. total joint replacement registries: rationale, status, and plans.
The authors report on the status of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) implementation as well as perceived barriers and facilitators of PRO use among five U.S. total joint replacement registries. They find that the current stage of implementation of patient-reported outcomes measures varies widely among U.S. registries.
AHRQ-funded; HS018910.
Citation: Franklin PD, Lewallen D, Bozic K .
Implementation of patient-reported outcome measures in U.S. total joint replacement registries: rationale, status, and plans.
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014 Dec 17;96 Suppl 1:104-9. doi: 10.2106/jbjs.n.00328..
Keywords: Registries, Surgery, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Singh JA, Lewallen DG
Increasing obesity and comorbidity in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty in the U.S.: a 13-year study of time trends.
The researchers examined the time-trends in key demographic and clinical characteristics of patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). They found that obesity, medical and psychological comorbidity increased and the underlying diagnosis of RA/inflammatory arthritis decreased rapidly in primary THA patients over 13-years.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Singh JA, Lewallen DG .
Increasing obesity and comorbidity in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty in the U.S.: a 13-year study of time trends.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014 Dec 17;15:441. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-441..
Keywords: Surgery, Obesity, Risk, Registries, Arthritis
Banerjee M, Muenz DG, Worden FP
Conditional survival in patients with thyroid cancer.
This study used data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry to determine conditional 5-year disease-specific survival based on patient age, gender, and stage. It found that patients with localized thyroid cancer have excellent conditional 5-year survival, irrespective of where they are in their survivorship phase. In addition, patients with regional thyroid cancer have relatively stable conditional 5-year survival.
AHRQ-funded; HS020937.
Citation: Banerjee M, Muenz DG, Worden FP .
Conditional survival in patients with thyroid cancer.
Thyroid 2014 Dec;24(12):1784-9. doi: 10.1089/thy.2014.0264..
Keywords: Cancer, Mortality, Outcomes, Registries
Curtis JR, Chen L, Bharat A
Linkage of a de-identified United States rheumatoid arthritis registry with administrative data to facilitate comparative effectiveness research.
In order to address a gap in linkage methodology, the researchers sought to link a large, de-identified outpatient registry of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with national Medicare administrative claims data. The purpose of their report was to describe the methods and validity of this linkage.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517
Citation: Curtis JR, Chen L, Bharat A .
Linkage of a de-identified United States rheumatoid arthritis registry with administrative data to facilitate comparative effectiveness research.
Arthritis Care Res. 2014 Dec;66(12):1790-8. doi: 10.1002/acr.22377..
Keywords: Arthritis, Registries, Comparative Effectiveness