National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Events (10)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (2)
- Arthritis (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (2)
- Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) (1)
- Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) (2)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Clostridium difficile Infections (2)
- Comparative Effectiveness (2)
- Decision Making (1)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Guidelines (1)
- (-) Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (18)
- Hospitals (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (5)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (1)
- Medical Devices (1)
- Medication (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (1)
- Patient Safety (9)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Prevention (4)
- (-) Risk (18)
- Stroke (1)
- Surgery (7)
- Transplantation (1)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (2)
- Women (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 18 of 18 Research Studies DisplayedReeder B, Makic MBF, Morrow C
AHRQ Author: Rodrick D
Design and evaluation of low-fidelity visual display prototypes for multiple hospital-acquired conditions.
Hospital-acquired conditions such as catheter-associated urinary tract infection, stage 3 or 4 hospital-acquired pressure injury, and falls with injury are common, costly, and largely preventable. This study used participatory design methods to design and evaluate low-fidelity prototypes of clinical dashboards to inform high-fidelity prototype designs to visualize integrated risks based on patient profiles.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 233201500025I; 23337003T.
Citation: Reeder B, Makic MBF, Morrow C .
Design and evaluation of low-fidelity visual display prototypes for multiple hospital-acquired conditions.
Comput Inform Nurs 2020 Nov;38(11):562-71. doi: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000668..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Risk, Hospitals, Prevention
Strobel RJ, Harrington SD, Hill C
Evaluating the impact of pneumonia prevention recommendations after cardiac surgery.
Pneumonia is the most prevalent healthcare-associated infection after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but the relative effectiveness of strategies to reduce its incidence remains unclear. In this study, the investigators evaluated the relationship between healthcare-associated infection recommendations and risk of pneumonia after CABG. These pneumonia prevention recommendations may serve as effective targets for avoiding postoperative healthcare-associated infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS022535; HS022909.
Citation: Strobel RJ, Harrington SD, Hill C .
Evaluating the impact of pneumonia prevention recommendations after cardiac surgery.
Ann Thorac Surg 2020 Sep;110(3):903-10. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.12.053..
Keywords: Pneumonia, Cardiovascular Conditions, Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Risk
Zachariah P, Sanabria E, Liu J
Novel strategies for predicting healthcare-associated infections at admission: implications for nursing care.
Accurate, real-time models to predict hospital adverse events could facilitate timely and targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes. Advances in computing enable the use of supervised machine learning (SML) techniques to predict hospital-onset infections. The purpose of this study was to trial SML methods to predict urinary tract infections (UTIs) during inpatient hospitalization at the time of admission.
AHRQ-funded; HS024915.
Citation: Zachariah P, Sanabria E, Liu J .
Novel strategies for predicting healthcare-associated infections at admission: implications for nursing care.
Nurs Res 2020 Sep/Oct;69(5):399-403. doi: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000449..
Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Risk
Song J, Cohen B, Zachariah P
Temporal change of risk factors in hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection using time-trend analysis.
Given recent changes in the epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and prevention efforts, the authors investigated temporal changes over a period of 11 years (2006-2016) in incidence and risk factors for CDI using a retrospective matched case-control study design. The investigators concluded that although the incidence of HA-CDI decreased over time, CA-CDI simultaneously increased.
Citation: Song J, Cohen B, Zachariah P .
Temporal change of risk factors in hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection using time-trend analysis.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020 Sep;41(9):1048-57. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.206..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Risk, Patient Safety
Rinke ML, Oyeku SO, Heo M
Pediatric ambulatory catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs): incidence, risk factors, and patient outcomes.
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) occur frequently in pediatric inpatients, and they are associated with increased morbidity and cost. Few studies have investigated ambulatory CAUTIs, despite at-risk children utilizing home urinary catheterization. This retrospective cohort and case-control study determined incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of pediatric patients with ambulatory CAUTI. The investigators concluded that pediatric ambulatory CAUTIs occurred in 18% of patients with catheters; they were associated with morbidity and healthcare utilization. Ambulatory indwelling catheter CAUTI incidence exceeded national inpatient incidence.
AHRQ-funded; HS024432.
Citation: Rinke ML, Oyeku SO, Heo M .
Pediatric ambulatory catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs): incidence, risk factors, and patient outcomes.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020 Aug;41(8):891-99. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.204..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Risk, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Adverse Events
Woods-Hill CZ, Srinivasan L, Schriver E
Novel risk factors for central-line associated bloodstream infections in critically ill children.
Central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) cause morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. In this study the investigators examined novel and/or modifiable risk factors for CLABSI to identify new potential targets for infection prevention strategies. They found that novel risk factors for CLABSI in PICU patients included acute behavioral health needs and >80 CVC accessed in the 3 days before CLABSI. They suggest that interventions focused on these factors may reduce CLABSIs in this high-risk population.
AHRQ-funded; HS025642.
Citation: Woods-Hill CZ, Srinivasan L, Schriver E .
Novel risk factors for central-line associated bloodstream infections in critically ill children.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020 Jan;41(1):67-72. doi: 10.1017/ice.2019.302..
Keywords: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Children/Adolescents, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Risk, Patient Safety
Song J, Tark A, Larson EL
The relationship between pocket hematoma and risk of wound infection among patients with a cardiovascular implantable electronic device: an integrative review.
Pocket hematoma is a common adverse event following the insertion of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), but the risk of wound infections associated with a pocket hematoma is unclear. The objective of this integrative review was to examine the relationship between pocket hematoma and risk of wound infection in a CIED population.
AHRQ-funded; HS024915.
Citation: Song J, Tark A, Larson EL .
The relationship between pocket hematoma and risk of wound infection among patients with a cardiovascular implantable electronic device: an integrative review.
Heart Lung 2020 Jan-Feb;49(1):92-98. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.09.009..
Keywords: Medical Devices, Cardiovascular Conditions, Surgery, Adverse Events, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Injuries and Wounds, Risk
Yanagizawa-Drott L, Kurland L, Schuur JD
Infection prevention practices in Swedish emergency departments: results from a cross-sectional survey.
This study aimed to estimate the extent to which Swedish EDs have adopted evidence-based measures to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). It found that thirty-nine percent of EDs participate in a project to improve hand hygiene compliance. Staff hand hygiene compliance rates were audited at least monthly in 45 percent of EDs. Forty-three percent reported a compliance rate of 80 percent or more.
AHRQ-funded; HS021616; HS020013.
Citation: Yanagizawa-Drott L, Kurland L, Schuur JD .
Infection prevention practices in Swedish emergency departments: results from a cross-sectional survey.
Eur J Emerg Med 2015 Oct;22(5):338-42. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000159..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Risk
Safdar N, Perencevich E
Crossing the quality chasm for Clostridium difficile infection prevention.
The author comments on a new population-based cohort study (Daneman, et al.) in the same journal issue on the association of hospital prevention processes and patient risk factors with the risk of Clostridium difficile infection. She concludes that the findings of the study are important and should serve as a wake-up call for institutions to participate actively in assessing and evaluating implementation of and adherence to CDI prevention practices.
AHRQ-funded; HS023791.
Citation: Safdar N, Perencevich E .
Crossing the quality chasm for Clostridium difficile infection prevention.
BMJ Qual Saf 2015 Jul;24(7):409-11. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004344..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Risk, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention
Polgreen LA, Cook EA, Brooks JM
Increased statin prescribing does not lower pneumonia risk.
The objective of this study was to determine if the observed protective effects of statins against pneumonia are a result of nonrandom treatment assignment rather than a direct effect of the medication. It found that in at least 1 major population of statin users the protective effects of statins against pneumonia disappear once nonrandom treatment assignment is accounted for.
AHRQ-funded; HS018381.
Citation: Polgreen LA, Cook EA, Brooks JM .
Increased statin prescribing does not lower pneumonia risk.
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Jun 15;60(12):1760-6. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ190..
Keywords: Medication, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Risk, Comparative Effectiveness
Curtis JR, Xie F, Yun H
Risk of hospitalized infection among rheumatoid arthritis patients concurrently treated with a biologic agent and denosumab.
The researchers evaluated rates of hospitalized infection among patients treated with biologic agents for RA who subsequently initiated denosumab in order to assess whether rates of infection were increased with concurrent biologic agent use for RA. They found that the rate of hospitalized infection among RA patients receiving denosumab concurrently with biologic agents for RA was not increased compared to those receiving zoledronate.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517
Citation: Curtis JR, Xie F, Yun H .
Risk of hospitalized infection among rheumatoid arthritis patients concurrently treated with a biologic agent and denosumab.
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Jun;67(6):1456-64. doi: 10.1002/art.39075..
Keywords: Arthritis, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Risk, Patient Safety, Comparative Effectiveness
Pepin CS, Thom KA, Sorkin JD
Risk factors for central-line-associated bloodstream infections: a focus on comorbid conditions.
This cohort study explored risk factors for CLABSI using 2 comorbidity classification schemes, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the Chronic Disease Score (CDS). It found that individual comorbid conditions obtained electronically by ICD-9 codes and admission medications can be used to identify factors for increased risk for CLABSI. The composite CDS and CCI scores were not risk factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS022291.
Citation: Pepin CS, Thom KA, Sorkin JD .
Risk factors for central-line-associated bloodstream infections: a focus on comorbid conditions.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Apr;36(4):479-81. doi: 10.1017/ice.2014.81..
Keywords: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Risk
Harris AD, Fleming B, Bromberg JS
Surgical site infection after renal transplantation.
The researchers sought to identify factors associated with the development of surgical site infection (SSI) among adult patients undergoing renal transplantation. They found that BMI was a risk factor for the development of SSI following renal transplantation. Somewhat surprisingly, they did not find other biologically plausible or transplant-specific risk factors such as presence of comorbid conditions or receipt of appropriate (type and dose) antibiotic prophylaxis.
AHRQ-funded; HS022291.
Citation: Harris AD, Fleming B, Bromberg JS .
Surgical site infection after renal transplantation.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Apr;36(4):417-23. doi: 10.1017/ice.2014.77..
Keywords: Transplantation, Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Injuries and Wounds, Risk, Adverse Events
Friedant AJ, Gouse BM, Boehme AK
A simple prediction score for developing a hospital-acquired infection after acute ischemic stroke.
The authors sought to develop a simple scoring system for any hospital-acquired infection (HAI). Ranging from 0 to 7, the overall infection score consists of age 70 years or more, history of diabetes, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Patients with an infection score of 4 or more were at 5 times greater odds of developing an infection. They concluded that, if validated in other populations, this score could assist providers in predicting infections after ischemic stroke.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Friedant AJ, Gouse BM, Boehme AK .
A simple prediction score for developing a hospital-acquired infection after acute ischemic stroke.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015 Mar;24(3):680-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.11.014.
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Keywords: Decision Making, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Stroke
Olsen MA, Nickel KB, Wallace AE
Stratification of surgical site infection by operative factors and comparison of infection rates after hernia repair.
The researchers investigated whether operative factors are associated with risk of surgical site infection (SSI) after hernia repair. After analyzing a total of 119,973 hernia repair procedures, they found that the incidence of SSI was highest after open procedures, incisional/ventral repairs, and hernia repairs with bowel obstruction necrosis.
AHRQ-funded; HS019713.
Citation: Olsen MA, Nickel KB, Wallace AE .
Stratification of surgical site infection by operative factors and comparison of infection rates after hernia repair.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Mar;36(3):329-35. doi: 10.1017/ice.2014.44..
Keywords: Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events, Risk, Patient Safety
Olsen MA, Nickel KB, Margenthaler JA
Increased risk of surgical site infection among breast-conserving surgery re-excisions.
The aim of this study was to determine the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) after primary breast-conserving surgery (BCS) versus re-excision among women with carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer. It found that the risk of SSI after re-excision remained significantly higher after accounting for multiple procedures within a woman.
AHRQ-funded; HS019713.
Citation: Olsen MA, Nickel KB, Margenthaler JA .
Increased risk of surgical site infection among breast-conserving surgery re-excisions.
Ann Surg Oncol 2015;22(6):2003-9. doi: 10.1245/s10434-014-4200-x..
Keywords: Surgery, Risk, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Women
Segal CG, Waller DK, Tilley B
An evaluation of differences in risk factors for individual types of surgical site infections after colon surgery.
The authors developed four independent, multivariate, predictive models to assess the unique associations between risk factors and each surgical site infection (SSI) group: superficial, deep, organ space, and an aggregate of all 3 types of SSIs. They found that unique risks for superficial SSIs include diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dyspnea; deep SSIs had the greatest magnitude of association with BMI and the greatest incidence of wound disruption; and organ space SSIs were often owing to anastomotic leaks and were uniquely associated with disseminated cancer, preoperative dialysis, preoperative radiation treatment, and a bleeding disorder. They concluded that more effective prevention strategies may be developed by reporting and examining each type of SSI separately.
AHRQ-funded; HS021857.
Citation: Segal CG, Waller DK, Tilley B .
An evaluation of differences in risk factors for individual types of surgical site infections after colon surgery.
Surgery 2014 Nov;156(5):1253-60. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.05.010.
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Keywords: Risk, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Surgery, Patient Safety
Bish EK, El-Amine H, Steighner LA
A socio-technical, probabilistic risk assessment model for surgical site infections in ambulatory surgery centers.
The researchers sought to identify the risk factors associated with surgical site infections (SSIs) resulting from procedures performed at ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and to design an intervention to mitigate the likelihood of SSIs for the most common risk factors that were identified by the socio-technical probabilistic risk assessment (ST-PRA) tool for a particular surgical procedure. They found that failure to protect the patient effectively accounted for 51.9% of SSIs in the ambulatory care setting. Critical components of this event included skin preparation, antibiotic administration, staff training, proper response to glove punctures during surgery, and adherence to surgical preparation rules related to the wearing of jewelry, watches, and artificial nails. They determined that, assuming a 75% reduction in noncompliance on any combination of 2 of these 5 components, the risk for an SSI decreased.
AHRQ-funded; 290200600019I.
Citation: Bish EK, El-Amine H, Steighner LA .
A socio-technical, probabilistic risk assessment model for surgical site infections in ambulatory surgery centers.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014 Oct;35 Suppl 3:S133-41. doi: 10.1086/677824.
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Keywords: Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Risk, Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events