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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 6 of 6 Research Studies DisplayedLeifheit KM, Schwartz GL, Pollack CE
Building health equity through housing policies: critical reflections and future directions for research.
This article provides a series of recommendations to help build health equity through housing policies. The authors recommend more justice- and action-oriented research to help address current levels of housing insecurity that are the result of clear and inequitable policy choices, leading to the entrenchment of health inequities-particularly, across race and class.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Leifheit KM, Schwartz GL, Pollack CE .
Building health equity through housing policies: critical reflections and future directions for research.
J Epidemiol Community Health 2022 Aug;76(8):759-63. doi: 10.1136/jech-2021-216439.
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Vulnerable Populations, Policy
Kim B, Mulready-Ward C, Thorpe LE
Housing environments and asthma outcomes within population-based samples of adults and children in NYC.
This study assessed the relationship between housing type (i.e., home ownership, public housing, rental assistance, rent-controlled housing, and other rental housing) and asthma outcomes among New York City (NYC) adults and children (ages 1-13). The authors used the 2019 NYC Community Health Survey (CHS) and 2019 NYC KIDS survey to analyze associations between housing type and ever having been diagnosed with asthma (“ever asthma”) and experiencing an asthma attack within the past year. They also examined whether associations were modified by smoking status (among adults), smoking within the house (among children), and overweight/obesity. Among adults, living in public housing, compared to home ownership, was associated with higher odds of ever asthma and past-year asthma attack. Rental assistance housing living was also significantly associated with ever asthma. Public or rental assistance housing associations and ever asthma were marginally significant among children but were more pronounced among ever smokers than among never smokers.
AHRQ-funded; HS026120.
Citation: Kim B, Mulready-Ward C, Thorpe LE .
Housing environments and asthma outcomes within population-based samples of adults and children in NYC.
Prev Med 2022 Aug;161:107147. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107147..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Respiratory Conditions, Social Determinants of Health, Vulnerable Populations, Urban Health, Chronic Conditions
Cole MB, Nguyen KH, Byhoff E, Byhoff E
Screening for social risk at federally qualified health centers: a national study.
In the United States, millions of low-income patients have unaddressed social risks. Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) provide services to approximately 29.8 million low-income patients, and data on social risk screening capabilities had never been collected across all FQHCs until 2019. The purpose of this study was to analyze the social risk screening capabilities across the FQHCs, report the national rates, identify screening predictors, and compare rates between states. The researchers collected data from the 2019 Uniform Data System from all 1,384 FQHCs across the U.S., with a primary outcome of determining whether each FQHC collected data on their patients’ social risk factors. The researchers also estimated the relationship between the characteristics of 7 FQHCs (such as their size, and various Medicare features), and their probability of conducting social risk screening. The study reported that 71% of FQHCs collected information on social risks, with variances between states. The researchers concluded that while the majority of FQHCs collect data on social risk factors, there are disparities between different states, and that smaller FQHCs may benefit from having social risk screening resources focused on them and may increase their use of screening tools and practices.
AHRQ-funded; HS022242.
Citation: Cole MB, Nguyen KH, Byhoff E, Byhoff E .
Screening for social risk at federally qualified health centers: a national study.
Am J Prev Med 2022 May;62(5):670-78. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.11.008..
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Vulnerable Populations, Screening
Waehrer G, Deb P, Decker SL
AHRQ Author: Decker SL
Did the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act affect dietary intake of low-income individuals?
This paper examines the relationship between increased Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits following the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and the diet quality of individuals from SNAP-eligible compared to ineligible (those with somewhat higher income). In the full sample, we find that these increases in SNAP benefits are not associated with changes in nutrient intake and diet quality.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Waehrer G, Deb P, Decker SL .
Did the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act affect dietary intake of low-income individuals?
Econ Hum Biol 2015 Dec;19:170-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2015.08.006..
Keywords: Nutrition, Social Determinants of Health, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations
Whittle HJ, Palar K, Hufstedler LL
Food insecurity, chronic illness, and gentrification in the San Francisco Bay Area: an example of structural violence in United States public policy.
This study sought to explore the experiences and structural determinants of food insecurity among a group of low-income PLHIV in the San Francisco Bay Area. It found that the lived experience of food insecurity among participants included periods of insufficient quantity of food and resultant hunger, as well as long-term struggles with quality of food that led to concerns about the poor health effects of a cheap diet.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Whittle HJ, Palar K, Hufstedler LL .
Food insecurity, chronic illness, and gentrification in the San Francisco Bay Area: an example of structural violence in United States public policy.
Soc Sci Med 2015 Oct;143:154-61. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.027..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Policy, Social Determinants of Health, Nutrition, Vulnerable Populations
Moy E, Freeman W
AHRQ Author: Moy E, Freeman W
Federal investments to eliminate racial/ethnic health-care disparities.
The authors presented a model that describes the relationships among social disadvantage, health-care disparities, and health disparities. They proposed that increasing the diversity of the public health and health-care workforces is an efficient strategy for reducing disparities because it impacts both access to care and patient-provider communication.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Moy E, Freeman W .
Federal investments to eliminate racial/ethnic health-care disparities.
Public Health Rep 2014 Jan-Feb;129 Suppl 2:62-70. doi: 10.1177/00333549141291s212.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Vulnerable Populations